Triplet Group Research Articles

A Retrospective Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the doublet and triplet regimens of locally advanced gastric cancer.Patients and MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 162 patients with gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including 74 patients receiving doublet regimen (fluorouracil/platinum) and 88 patients receiving triplet regimen (fluorouracil/platinum/Taxol). Patients in both groups received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for two cycles, and underwent surgical resection 4 weeks after the end of chemotherapy.ResultsThe total clinical remission rate was 68.6% (105/153), the phase-down rate was 46.4% (71/153), and the pathological response rate was 59.9% (97/162). In the doublet and triplet regimen, the clinical remission rate was 65.7% (44/67) and 70.9% (61/86) (P = 0.708), the descending period rate was 41.8% (28/67) and 50.0% (43/86) (P = 0.485), and the pathological response rate was 51.4% (38/74) and 67.0% (59/88) (P = 0.190). The median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of 162 patients were 36.0 and 58.5 months. In the doublet and triplet regimen, the median DFS was 38.0 and 34.0 months (P = 0.377), and the median OS was 59.0 and 56.5 months (P = 0.256). The side effects of the doublet group were significantly lower than those of the triplet group, with leucopenia rate of 45.9% (34/74) and 62.5% (55/88) (P = 0.035); thrombocytopenia rate of 18.9% (14/74) and 35.2% (31/88) (P = 0.021); nausea rate of 45.9% (34/74) and 64.8% (57/88) (P = 0.016), and diarrhea rate of 1.4% (1/74) and 9.1% (8/88) (P = 0.032).ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe and effective for locally advanced gastric cancer. The clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the doublet group and the triplet group is equivalent, and the doublet group has better safety and tolerance.

Intrafetal laser for midtrimester TRAP sequence-experience from a single center.

To report our experience and evaluate outcomes in monochorionic pregnancies with Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion sequence with intrafetal laser therapy. Retrospective review of records of all pregnancies with TRAP sequence treated by intrafetal laser therapy between 2011 January and 2015 December that were retrieved and analysed. Electronic search of the scan database retrieved 57 cases of TRAP sequence during the study period, 7 triplets and 50 monochorionic twins. Intrafetal laser was done in 27 cases, 22 cases of twins and 5 cases of triplets. In the twins group, median gestational age at intervention was 22.5 weeks, the earliest done at 16.3 weeks. The median gestational age at delivery and birth weight was 37 weeks and 2.5 Kgs. The median procedure and delivery interval was 14 weeks. Live birth rate was 17/22 (77%) the pump survival rate was 16/22 (73%). Pregnancies with non-surviving pump were 5 in numbers (5/22). A repeat procedure was warranted in one case. In the triplet group, median gestational age at intervention, delivery and procedure delivery interval was 18, 35 and 17 weeks. Intrafetal laser is simple, effective and the treatment of choice to interrupt the vascular supply to acardiac twin.

The algebraic structure on the neutrosophic triplet set

The notion of the neutrosophic triplet was introduced by Smarandache and Ali. This notion is based on the fundamental law of neutrosophy that for an idea X, we have neutral of X denoted as neut(X) and anti of X denoted as anti(X). This paper studied a neutrosophic triplet set which is a collection of all triple of three elements that satisfy certain properties with some binary operation. Also given some interesting properties related to them. Further, in this paper investigated that from the neutrosophic triplet group can construct a classical group under multiplicative operation for ℤ n , for some specific n. These neutrosophic triplet groups are built using only modulo integer 2p, with p is an odd prime or Cayley table.

New Results on Neutrosophic Extended Triplet Groups Equipped with a Partial Order

Neutrosophic extended triplet group (NETG) is a novel algebra structure and it is different from the classical group. The major concern of this paper is to present the concept of a partially ordered neutrosophic extended triplet group (po-NETG), which is a NETG equipped with a partial order that relates to its multiplicative operation, and consider properties and structure features of po-NETGs. Firstly, in a po-NETG, we propose the concepts of the positive cone and negative cone, and investigate the structure features of them. Secondly, we study the specificity of the positive cone in a partially ordered weak commutative neutrosophic extended triplet group (po-WCNETG). Finally, we introduce the concept of a po-NETG homomorphism between two po-NETGs, construct a po-NETG on a quotient set by providing a multiplication and a partial order, then we discuss some fundamental properties of them.

Neutrosophic Triplet Group Based on Set Valued Neutrosophic Quadruple Numbers

Smarandache introduced neutrosophic quadruple sets and neutrosophic quadruple numbers[45] in 2015. These sets and numbers are real or complex number valued. In this study, we firstly introduce set valued neutrosophic quadruple sets and numbers. We give some known and special operations for set valued neutrosophic quadruple numbers. Furthermore, Smarandache and Ali obtainedneutrosophic triplet groups [30] in 2016. In this study, we firstly give neutrosophic triplet groups basedon set valued neutrosophic quadruple number thanks to operations for set valued neutrosophic quadruple numbers. In this way, we define new structures using the together set valued neutrosophic quadruple number and neutrosophic triplet group. Thus, we obtain new results for set valued neutrosophicquadruple numbers and neutrosophic triplet groups based on set valued neutrosophic quadruplenumber.

Effects of combined neuroprotective and regenerative agents on damaged retinal ganglion cells in vivo

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the effectiveness of a single or combined topical neurotrophic factors on damaged retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in optic nerve crush (OCN) rat model.MethodsThe left ONC was used for achieving RGC degeneration in adult SD rats. Rats were divided into 7 groups with 6 animals in each group, depending on used therapeutic agents which had been administrated by instillations of 100 mm citicoline, 100 mm tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), 10 ng/ml neurotrophin‐4 (NT‐4), combined TUDCA/citicoline (Doublet‐1), combined TUDCA/NT‐4 (Doublet‐2), combined TUDCA/citicoline/NT‐4 (Triplet) and PBS. After 2 weeks, the number of remaining RGCs was determined by Brn3a mouse antibody immunostaining of whole‐mount retinas. To examine the regenerative effect, cryosections of optic nerve were made and immunostained for anti ‐200 kD neurofilament heavy and GAP‐43 antibodies.ResultsThe density of RGCs in the PBS group 2 weeks after ONC was significantly less than in the normal control. The density of RGCs in citicoline, TUDCA, Doublet‐1, Doublet‐2, and Triplet groups were significantly higher than that of RGCs in the PBS group. In the Triplet group, the density of RGCs was significantly higher than that in single drug treated eyes. Compared with the PBS group, the decrease in neurofilament immunopositive axon numbers were suppressed significantly in the combination eye drop treatment groups. In the Triplet group, the number of GAP‐43 immunopositive axons was greater than that in the PBS group. Neovascularization in cornea, iris, and retina were observed in 62% of eyes in the Doublet‐1 group.ConclusionsNeuroprotective and regenerative effects can be achieved with topical instillations of combinations of neurotrophic agents. Adverse effects such as neovascularizations had been observed in the Doublet‐1 group. Further studies to identify the mechanisms of neovascularization development is need to be performed.

On neutrosophic extended triplet groups (loops) and Abel-Grassmann’s groupoids (AG-groupoids)

On neutrosophic extended triplet groups (loops) and Abel-Grassmann’s groupoids (AG-groupoids)

Frequency hopping by big brown bats is coupled with sonar sound grouping in response to pulse-echo ambiguity

When flying in clutter, big brown bats actively modify their biosonar broadcasts by successively alternating the lowest frequencies in the first harmonic of their FM broadcasts in a phenomenon called “frequency hopping;” and by grouping broadcasts into “sonar sound groups,” with short time intervals within a group and longer intervals between groups. These modifications can minimize pulse-echo ambiguity. We analyzed the relationship between frequency hopping and emission of sonar sound groups while bats flew through chain corridors with different clutter densities and through circular hoop tunnels. In more difficult flight tasks, bats emit more sounds in groups of triplets and quadruplets, often with frequency shifts of 1–6 kHz between each sound in the group, creating not only sound but frequency triplets and quadruplets. Echoes of successive sounds remain highly correlated and not separable by conventional receivers according to which broadcast causes them. The consistent pairing of frequency shifting with sonar sound grouping may reflect an auditory streaming mechanism whereby coupled shifts in both frequency and timing can link streams of received echoes to their corresponding emitted calls to disambiguate overlapping echo streams for closely spaced broadcasts. [Work supported by ONR.]When flying in clutter, big brown bats actively modify their biosonar broadcasts by successively alternating the lowest frequencies in the first harmonic of their FM broadcasts in a phenomenon called “frequency hopping;” and by grouping broadcasts into “sonar sound groups,” with short time intervals within a group and longer intervals between groups. These modifications can minimize pulse-echo ambiguity. We analyzed the relationship between frequency hopping and emission of sonar sound groups while bats flew through chain corridors with different clutter densities and through circular hoop tunnels. In more difficult flight tasks, bats emit more sounds in groups of triplets and quadruplets, often with frequency shifts of 1–6 kHz between each sound in the group, creating not only sound but frequency triplets and quadruplets. Echoes of successive sounds remain highly correlated and not separable by conventional receivers according to which broadcast causes them. The consistent pairing of frequency shifting w...

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Glycol/ Dextrane Methacrylate / Maleic Acid Copolymer as a Biological Scaffold

Abstract Introduction: The use of membranes and transplant materials as scaffolds in periodontal regenerative surgeries is gaining an increasing application for restoring the structure and function of lost tissues. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of PEG/MA (Polyethylene glycol/Maleic Acid) copolymer as a bioscaffold. Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, a hydrogel scaffold was first manufactured of PEG/MA copolymer. Different hydrogel concentrations were prepared using visible light through changing concentrations of C2/1, c1/1 and C1/2 (C ⅟2, C ⅟1 and C2/1) of PEG/MA copolymer to those of dex-METH (dextran-methacrylate). Then, 57 samples were selected, 27 and 30 of which were related to degradation rate and solidification tests, respectively. The samples were examined in three triplet groups within three time periods to test the degradation rate. Five quintuplet groups were also classified to measure the tensile and compressive strengths using a microtensile device. Data were analyzed by one-way/two-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: Both the concentration of PEG/MA copolymer (P<0.007) and sample incubation duration (P<0.001) affected sample degradation rates, with C 2/1 group yielding the lowest degradation rate. Furthermore, mean values of tensile strength (P <0.04) and compressive strength (P< 0.001) were significantly different among the three groups. Conclusion: A change in the proportion of the copolymer ingredients can affect the mechanical properties and destruction rate of the substance. Due to slow degradation rate and high tensile strength, a concentration of 1/2 is more appropriate to be used as a membrane for covering bone loss.

Study on the Algebraic Structure of Refined Neutrosophic Numbers

This paper aims to explore the algebra structure of refined neutrosophic numbers. Firstly, the algebra structure of neutrosophic quadruple numbers on a general field is studied. Secondly, The addition operator ⊕ and multiplication operator ⊗ on refined neutrosophic numbers are proposed and the algebra structure is discussed. We reveal that the set of neutrosophic refined numbers with an additive operation is an abelian group and the set of neutrosophic refined numbers with a multiplication operation is a neutrosophic extended triplet group. Moreover, algorithms for solving the neutral element and opposite elements of each refined neutrosophic number are given.

Neutrosophic Extended Triplet Group Based on Neutrosophic Quadruple Numbers

In this paper, we explore the algebra structure based on neutrosophic quadruple numbers. Moreover, two kinds of degradation algebra systems of neutrosophic quadruple numbers are introduced. In particular, the following results are strictly proved: (1) the set of neutrosophic quadruple numbers with a multiplication operation is a neutrosophic extended triplet group; (2) the neutral element of each neutrosophic quadruple number is unique and there are only sixteen different neutral elements in all of neutrosophic quadruple numbers; (3) the set which has same neutral element is closed with respect to the multiplication operator; (4) the union of the set which has same neutral element is a partition of four-dimensional space.

Generalized Neutrosophic Extended Triplet Group

Generalized Neutrosophic Extended Triplet Group

Singular neutrosophic extended triplet groups and generalized groups

Singular neutrosophic extended triplet groups and generalized groups

Shear Behavior of Hollow Concrete Block Masonry with Precast Concrete Anti-Shear Blocks

In order to improve the shear behavior of hollow concrete block masonry, precast concrete anti-shear blocks were proposed to enhance the shear strength of hollow concrete block masonry. Four groups of hollow concrete block masonry triplets with precast concrete anti-shear blocks were tested under shear loading, and their behaviors were compared with a control group. The results show that as the height of precast concrete anti-shear blocks increases, the shear strength of the masonry increases. The maximum shear strength of masonry triplets with precast concrete anti-shear blocks was 234.48 percent higher than that of the control specimens. The shear strength of masonry triplets was mainly determined by the failure of hollow concrete block unit. The majority of specimens exhibited double shear failures; however, these failures showed characteristics of ductile failure to a certain extent. Based on the experimental results, a equation for calculating the shear strength of masonry with precast concrete anti-shear blocks was proposed.

Study on the anti-Helicobacter pylori infection effects of berberine in mice

Objective To observe the anti-Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection effects of berberine in mice. Methods A young rats model of Hp infection was established, then the rats were divided into 3 groups according to different anti-Hp treatments.The standard group was given a standard triple therapy(amoxilin+ clasamycin+ omeprazole), the berberine group was added with berberine on the basis of the standard triple therapy; and the bismuth group was added with bismuth on the basis of the standard triple therapy.All the three groups received continuous treatment for 2 weeks.The eradication condition of Hp was detected by gastric mucosa Giemsa staining and rapid urinary enzyme test 4 weeks after discontinuation.In addition, the minimum antibacterial concentration of berberine was detected by using agar dilution method antibiotic sensitivity test through Hp culturing in vitro. Results The Hp eradication rate of standard triplet group, berberine group and bismuth group was 55.0%, 77.5% and 95.0%, repectively, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The eradication rate of berberine group was higher than that of standard triplet group, but lower than that of bismuth group(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the minimum antibacterial concentration of berberine was 12.5 mg/ml in vitro. Conclusion Berberine has antibacterial ability against Hp, which combined with standard triple therapy can improve the eradication rate of Hp. Key words: Helicobacter pylori; Berberine; Minimum antibacterial concentration; Amoxilin; Clasamycin

Generalized Neutrosophic Extended Triplet Group

Neutrosophic extended triplet group is a new algebra structure and is different from the classical group. In this paper, the notion of generalized neutrosophic extended triplet group is proposed and some properties are discussed. In particular, the following conclusions are strictly proved: (1) an algebraic system is a generalized neutrosophic extended triplet group if and only if it is a quasi-completely regular semigroup; (2) an algebraic system is a weak commutative generalized neutrosophic extended triplet group if and only if it is a quasi-Clifford semigroup; (3) for each n ∈ Z + , n ≥ 2 , ( Z n , ⊗ ) is a commutative generalized neutrosophic extended triplet group; (4) for each n ∈ Z + , n ≥ 2 , ( Z n , ⊗ ) is a commutative neutrosophic extended triplet group if and only if n = p 1 p 2 ⋯ p m , i.e., the factorization of n has only single factor.

In vivo effects of single or combined topical neuroprotective and regenerative agents on degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in rat optic nerve crush model

To determine the effectiveness of a single or a combination of topical neurotrophic factors (NFs) in protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the rat optic nerve crush (ONC) model, the left ONC was performed to induce the death of the RGCs in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The NFs studied were tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), citicoline, neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), combined TUDCA/citicoline (Doublet-1), combined TUDCA/NT-4 (Doublet-2), combined TUDCA/citicoline/NT-4 (Triplet), and PBS. After 2 weeks, the number of RGCs was determined by Brn3a immunostaining. The optic nerves were immunostained for anti-Growth Associated Protein-43(GAP-43) and -200kD neurofilament heavy antibody to study optic nerve regeneration. Two weeks after the ONC, the densities of RGCs in all treated eyes were significantly higher than that of the PBS treated eyes. In the Triplet group, the number of RGC axons after ONC was significantly higher than that in all of the single treatment groups and the number of TUNEL positive cells was significantly reduced and the number of GAP-43 immunopositive axons was significantly greater than those in the PBS group. Neovascularization was observed only in the Doublet-1 group. We conclude that the combination of the three NFs was the most effective way to protect RGCs after the ONC.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Cultivated and Wild Species Germplasm of Barley based on Morpho-agronomical and Root Architecture Traits

Genetic variation in a selected set of 213 accessions of wild and cultivated barley germplasm was evaluated for 23 agro-morphological and root traits for two years. Wide range of phenotypic expression was observed for traits such as days to spike emergence (53.50–113.50), plant height (PH) (39.53–141.87 cm), spike length (1.83–13.57 cm), spikelet triplet groups (STG) 10–35.67, 100-grain weight (HGW) (0.12–6.56 g), total root length (RL) (6.96 97.25 cm) and root dry weight (RDW) (0.20–12.84 mg). Wild germplasm grouped under cluster I and cultivated under cluster II with different sub-groups for hull-less, two-rowed and six-rowed germplasm, irrespective of the geographical diversity. Principal component analysis indicated that first five components accounted for 77.23% of the total multivariate variation and it was mainly contributed by grain yield (GY), grain area (GA), STG, RL, total root surface area (RSA), total root volume (RV) and RDW. Correlation coefficients of root traits were positively significant with PH, SL, HGW, GY and grain size, indicating root architecture can play a pivotal role for future yield enhancement in rain-fed crop like barley. Donors for various traits were also identified such as short duration (IC445542, IC542197, IC470019), spike length (IC113052), dwarf plant habit (IC113045), root biomass (EC578716, EC492340).

Neutrosophic Triplet Group (revisited)

Neutrosophic Triplet Group (revisited)

Singular neutrosophic extended triplet groups and generalized groups

Neutrosophic extended triplet group (NETG) is an interesting extension of the concept of classical group, which can be used to express general symmetry. This paper further studies the structural characterizations of NETG. First, some examples are given to show that some results in literature are false. Second, the differences between generalized groups and neutrosophic extended triplet groups are investigated in detail. Third, the notion of singular neutrosophic extended triplet group (SNETG) is introduced, and some homomorphism properties are discussed and a Lagrange-like theorem for finite SNETG is proved. Finally, the following important result is proved: a semigroup is a singular neutrosophic extended triplet group (SNETG) if and only if it is a generalized group.