Group Of Inmates Research Articles

THE PLIGHT OF BANGLADESHI UNDERTRIAL PRISONERS IN INDIA: A CRISIS OF JUSTICE

The largest group of foreign national inmates in India is Bangladeshi inmates. Bangladeshis made up 68.8% of the 5,168 foreign national prisoners housed at the end of 2018, according to data provided by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). It is important to consider the high number of prisoners from Bangladesh in India when considering their shared history, as well as the frequent movements and social interactions across their porous borders. Following India's partition in 1947 and again during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, there was a significant migration from Bangladesh to India. The Assam Accord was signed in 1985 as a result of the significant outcry over the flood of Bangladeshi migrants in Assam. In the 2005 case of Sarbananda Sonowal v. Union of India, the Supreme Court of India invalidated the Illegal Migrants (Determination of Tribunal) Act, 1983, which established the processes for identifying and removing illegal migrants from Assam. The court ruled that the Act violated Articles 14 and 355 of the Indian Constitution. The publication of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam on August 31, 2019, which excluded 1.9 million people as citizens of India, has brought the topic of detention and deportation of illegal migrants back into the public eye. This research paper is an attempt to examine the reasons behind the imprisonment of Bangladeshi undertrial prisoners in India particularly in some cases even if they have completed more than half of the sentences provided under the law for those offences and to find out some remedial measures for those who for some reason have came to India and thereafter, have never been able to return to their country of origin.

PREVALENȚA ȘI TIPURILE DE TULBURĂRI DE PERSONALITATE LA FEMEILE PRIVATE DE LIBERTATE

This article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at establishing the prevalence and types of personality disorders encountered among women in custody in Romanian prisons. It is important to emphasize that incarcerated women in Romania represent a category of inmates that has been insufficiently investigated regarding personality disorders. To date, there are no specific studies conducted among this group of inmates in Romania on this topic. The research sample consisted of definitively sentenced incarcerated women (N=200 respondents) serving their sentences in the only prison in Romania that exclusively houses women, distributed across all detention regimes. The SCID-II Personality Questionnaire was used, designed to identify and evaluate personality disorders according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The percentage distribution shows that obsessive-compulsive (82%) and borderline (80%) personality disorders are among the most prevalent observed in incarcerated women included in this study. For other personality disorders, a prevalence ranging from 11,5% to 75% was observed. The result of this research have significant practical implications, providing a solid foundation for the development of specific intervention programs dedicated to this category. Thus, specialists in the penitentiary administration system can use this data to create programs based on a genuine understanding of these women`s profiles.

SOCIAL BOND ANALYSIS OF CORRECTIONAL INMATES AT CLASS IIA CIBINONG CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION: THE PHENOMENON OF VIOLENCE AMONG INMATES

Correctional Institution has the goal of guiding criminals to obtain a better life, be able to reintegrate and be accepted by the society. However, realizing such goal is not as easy. As a place where people from various backgrounds and different criminal records, Correctional Instituion has become an ideal area and prone to disputes. This includes violence among inmates, that is reported to be the most common type of violent in prison. Nonetheless, it is not impossible to avoid such issues in the prison setting. In order to understand this possibility, this article attempt to study the social life in prison in relation to violence among inmates. Mainly, this study aims to: 1) find out the condition of violence among inmates in Cibinong Correctional Institution; and 2) analyze social bond to understand the phenomenon of violence among inmates in Cibinong Correctional Institution. This study uses a qualitative approach to be able to understand the object of study concretely through their own thoughts and words. The findings of this study indicate that there were no cases of violence among inmates in the form of instrumental attacks, include bullying, domination of power among inmates, fights among inmates, or clashes between inmate groups. However, the expressive type of violence, triggered by emotional response of inmates, happened a few times. The results of the analysis show that inmates in Cibinong Correctional Institution have strong social bonds, which can completely prevent inmates from engaging in instrumental violence among inmates. Meanwhile, expressive attacks can be handled.

Nigerian prisoners’ experience: prison circumstances, family support and sleep quality

PurposeThis study aims to determine the association between prison circumstances, perceived family support and sleep quality among male inmates at the Ibara prison, Ogun State.Design/methodology/approachIt was a cross-sectional study of 300 male inmates interviewed with socio-demographic proforma and Pittsburgh sleep quality index.FindingsWhile all respondents described the prison as being overcrowded, half of them used inappropriate sleeping materials daily and 41.4% decried a very noisy environment at night. Twenty-seven percent of the respondents described poor family support while 47.3% experienced poor sleep quality. Though nature of sleeping material and self-awareness of sleep problem were associated with poor sleep quality, no predictor of the latter was identified.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted among males only because of the relative dominance of the male gender in the prison population. This makes analysis of gender difference impossible. Furthermore, sleep studies may be preferred over reports by some sleep experts.Practical implicationsFindings from this study may culminate in taking steps to improve the Nigerian prison conditions as well as the prisoner’s welfare.Social implicationsDeveloping support group for relatives of inmates may be a focus of social intervention for these inmates. Also, inmates with good sleep quality are likely to partake effectively in the prison reformation programmes and may not self-medicate with sedatives.Originality/valueThis study provides a scholarly documentation of the state of Nigerian prisons; inmates’ perception of family support; prevalence and correlates of poor sleep quality among a group of male inmates.

An Analysis of Systems of Influences through the Lens of Balanced Time Perspective: A Qualitative Study on a Group of Inmates.

To respond to the increasing challenges of the XXI century, career guidance is used as a device to reduce inequalities, to expand the range of opportunities for all people, to deconstruct the stereotypes and the stigmatizations that tend to relegate specific social categories to particular working niches, and to offer people the chance to express their differences and diversities. This study reports the results of research aimed at understanding the dynamics of career construction in people with imprisonment experience through the exploration of their systems of influences; the stories of the inmates were collected using My System of Career Influences (MSCI). In the analysis of the narratives and the systems of influences, the focus was placed on the balanced time perspective as a core dimension to foster career construction and to look at future possibilities. The results show that the participants are mainly focused on the past, and their focus on the present is narrow and seems to represent a moment of stalemate, preventing the possibility for inmates to imagine their future. Suggestions for practical implications of career counseling for inmates are provided, and the knowledge about the temporal orientation of prisoners will enable those who do not show any hope of achieving positive interactions to be reached and provide a higher degree of individualization for social rehabilitation proposals.

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Real-life functioning in women with schizophrenia living in residential facilities: Gender-based comparison.

Despite many patients with schizophrenia being able to achieve good functional outcomes, the number of patients with poor functional outcome estimates at over 25 percent. One of the wider constructs, reflecting functional outcomes in schizophrenia, is real-life functioning, whose key domains include ability to live relatively autonomously, productive activity and social interaction. Negative symptoms are seen among independent predictors of real-life functioning. As most researchers agree that schizophrenia is a disease with gender differences in terms of both clinical and functional outcomes, the goal of our observational study was to examine real-life functioning of women with schizophrenia, living in residential care facilities, and study the relationship between daily functioning and negative symptoms. Using the Standardized Protocol of Clinical Interview and observation for 1 or more weeks, we examined 46 females with schizophrenia, living in psychiatric residential facilities and compared them with 54 males with schizophrenia, living in the same facilities. In a pilot study 21 subjects with schizophrenia (13 females and 8 males), were evaluated by the Russian version of the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS). To the results, more females with schizophrenia, compared to males with schizophrenia, remained active and took initiative in their physical care, vocational activities, involvement in cultural events, and maintained friendly relationships with other inmates. We have identified a group of inmates, in which females prevailed, with less pronounced negative symptoms and a higher level of social functioning, who did not need residential social care in the institutions. Limitations of residential social care in the institutions for psychiatric patients are discussed.

Relationship between Sports Practice, Physical and Mental Health and Anxiety–Depressive Symptomatology in the Spanish Prison Population

The objective of this study was to evaluate, in a group of Galician inmates, if there were variations in the levels of physical and mental health and anxiety-depressive symptomatology, depending on the sports' practice performed. The relationship between these constructs was also investigated. The sample was composed of 509 people deprived of liberty in prisons in the Autonomous Community of Galicia, Spain. A quantitative methodology was used, with the questionnaire as an information collection instrument, Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlation analysis and a stepwise regression analysis were carried out. The results indicated that those who performed physical activity during their stay in prison had higher levels of physical and mental health, as well as lower indicators of anxiety-depressive symptoms. People who did not practice sports showed a decrease in their perceived health levels when compared to those perceived in their pre-prison stage. A negative association was shown between perceived health levels and anxiety-depressive symptomatology. Perceived physical health, alone, explained 35% of the variance in perceived mental health. These results add to knowledge about the relationships between perceived health, anxiety-depressive symptoms and sports practice in the group of people deprived of liberty, highlighting the importance of promoting physical activity in penitentiary institutions.

Effectiveness of a program for the development of socio-emotional competences in people admitted to a penitentiary center.

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of a program for the development of social and emotional competences and self-esteem among a group of inmates at a penitentiary center, as well as to determine the possible correlation between the variables of the program (social skills, emotional competences, and self-esteem). The objective was to equip inmates with social competences in emotional regulation strategies that would be useful to them in the penitentiary center and, at the same time, facilitate their future social inclusion. In order to measure the pre- and post- treatment variables, the Social Skills Scale, the Perceived Emotional Intelligence Scale (TMMS-24), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were administered to a group of 51 inmates in a penitentiary center. The experimental group consisted of 29 inmates, with 21 forming the control group. The pretest-posttest ANOVAs showed that the program led to a significant (p < 0.01) increase in: (1) positive social behaviors; (2) emotional competences; (3) self-esteem. Positive correlations were also observed between the three variables. The results suggest the importance of implementing programs for the promotion of the socio-emotional development of people incarcerated in penitentiary centers.

Remand Prisoners’ Specific Needs: A Systematic Review

Remand prisoners (RP) are non-sentenced individuals who must be held in prison awaiting sentencing. The international data reported that up to a third of the detainees worldwide are in a pre-trial situation. The present systematic review aims to review the studies that assessed the remand prisoners’ mental problems during detention. Following the PICO strategy, the search identified a total of 5427 studies, of which, 79 studies were included in the final analysis. Substance use disorders were the most reported problem, followed by mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and personality and behavior disorders. A smaller number of studies reported anxiety and neurotic disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder and adjustment disorders, intellectual disorders, paraphilias and sexual disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and somatoform disorders. Our findings contribute to the scientific knowledge about this group of inmates’ needs, emphasizing the prevalence of mental problems within this population and supporting both professionals and academics to reform policies and practices.

No significant improvement in ADHD for prisoners receiving extended‐release methylphenidate

Eight weeks of treatment with extended‐release methylphenidate did not significantly improve symptoms of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to placebo in a group of young prison inmates, a new study has found. Participants receiving methylphenidate also did not experience significant improvement compared with placebo on secondary measures of psychopathology and emotional dysregulation.

An Examination of a Modified START NOW Dialectical Behavior Therapy-Based Intervention and a Behavioral Level System on Male Inmate Misbehavior, Aggressive Behavior, and Suicide Precaution Status

This study employed a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the impact of a modified START NOW program + behavioral level system (BLS) in a self-contained therapeutic community (SCTC) on inmate misbehavior at a correctional facility. The SCTC included a modified START NOW manualized mental health treatment, recreation groups, process groups as needed, and a level system on which to base the attainment of privileges. Inmate data was evaluated at 3-months pre- and post-SCTC to determine if there were differences in the number of mental health referrals for misbehavior, referrals to the restrictive housing unit, write-ups, instances of spontaneous use of force by correctional officers, and placement on suicide precaution status compared with a control group of inmates who were placed in restrictive housing during the same time frame. Analyses examined differences between these two groups comparing variables from pre-intervention to post-intervention timepoints. Both the modified START NOW + behavioral intervention group and the control group improved significantly from pre-to-post intervention on the number of placements in restrictive housing and number of write-ups for misbehavior but did not significantly improve on the remaining outcome measures. Study strengths and limitations are discussed.

Integrative Dimensional Personality Inventory for ICD-11: Development and Evaluation in the Peruvian Correctional Setting

Background: Personality disorder (PD) is an important predictor of the commission of crimes; however, there is a lack of clinical instruments adjusted to the characteristics of Peruvian convicts. Objective: To develop a reliable and valid comprehensive personality measurement instrument, the Integrative Dimensional Personality Inventory, ICD-11 version (IDPI-11), according to the standards of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Method: A stratified sample of prisoners from the Huancayo Penitentiary (HP) was selected (n study 1 = 60; n study 2 = 1095). Results: High reliability indices (McDonald’s ω ≥ .73) and adequate levels of content validity (CVI-S ≥ .87), construct validity, and criterion validity of the scales were found. This could explain the probability (a) of belonging to the group of inmates with instrumental or impulsive crimes (R2 N ≥ .52, OR ≥ 1.02, p ≤ .021), and (b) that recidivism, designated by the prison security level imposed, increases (R2 ≥ .53, β ≥ 1.16, p ≤ .008). Conclusions: The instrument is a valid and reliable measure that allows a dimensional and integrative assessment of the personality of convicts of the HP, according to ICD-11 standards.&#x0D; Authors’ contributions &#x0D; LMHO, DNRC, and RMCA conceived the article;&#x0D; DNRC and PAAV collected the data;&#x0D; LMHO and PAAV performed the statistical analysis;&#x0D; LMHO reviewed the contents; and&#x0D; RMCA advised on the entire study and manuscript preparation process.

Practice Patterns in Prescribing Buprenorphine in the New Jersey Department of Corrections.

Inmates have high rates of opioid use disorder and are at risk for morbidity and mortality both during incarceration and after release. We conducted a retrospective chart review to assess prescribers' fidelity to the New Jersey Department of Corrections practice guideline for prescribing maintenance or prerelease buprenorphine. We compared the entire group of inmates prescribed buprenorphine at the conclusion of 2019 (n = 875) with a sample of inmates diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) but not prescribed buprenorphine (n = 396) and a sample of inmates not diagnosed with OUD (n = 367). Inmates on buprenorphine were more likely to be male, White, in treatment for a mental illness, have higher scores on the Texas Christian University Drug Screen, be closer to release, have multiple substance use disorder comorbidities, and have more substance-related disciplinary charges. They were most often prescribed buprenorphine-naloxone strips, with doses ranging from 2 mg to 12 mg, and a median dose of 8 mg. Racial disparities in prescribing were observed, though the reasons for this are likely multifactorial, and research from the community has shown similar findings. We propose strategies to reduce these differences, including staff education, patient education, and quality improvement initiatives.

Depression and anxiety levels in a population of Greek male prisoners with a history of dependence

ABSTRACT Background This prospective study aims to report on the prevalence of depression and anxiety levels, in a sample of Greek prisoners with a history of substance and alcohol use. Methods The study comprises 100 male prisoners with a history of substance and/or alcohol use, in the Grevena Correctional Facility, in Northern Greece. BDI AUDIT, DUDIT, CAGE, STAI Y-1 & Y-2 and SCL-90 R were used. Results Sixty-three percent of study participants stated they had mental health problems. Another 37% stated they were on antidepressants, 16% on anti-anxiety medication, and 7% on antipsychotic medication, while only 34% were not on medication. Linear regression was utilized to identify independent predictors for each of the questionnaires scores, adjusting for age. Conclusion The prevalence of depression among Greek prisoners with history of substance and alcohol use is much higher than in the general population in Greece and even between other inmate groups. Also anxiety levels of these prisoners were significantly elevated. This is the latest study in Greek prisons and the only one concerning inmates with history of dependence. Therefore, its conclusion of higher than before prevalence of depression and high anxiety level while incarcerated should be considered for diagnosis and therapy strategies in prison.

Reducing the New Inmates' Anxiety through Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy with Patronage Counseling Technique

Recurring cases of suicide, escapement, riots, and overcapacity have been observed in correctional institutions in Indonesia. Mental health issues are one of the causes of such a phenomenon. The emergence of this mental health issue may negatively impact inmates and cause disturbances in correctional institutions. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) focuses on transforming an irrational concept into a rational belief. This study aims to investigate the effects of REBT counseling with patronage technique on reducing anxiety levels. This new Patron-Client platform, equipped with the signification of gratitude and contentment, becomes a new form of proper counseling in a correctional institution. This study adopted the quasi-experiment before-after method with the Solomon four-group design. To garner the data, it involved four groups divided into two experimental and two control groups, consisting of 240 research population and 160 research subjects. ANOVA and T-test analysis were used to further analyze the obtained data. The findings show significantly different anxiety levels in the inmate groups before and after the treatment. Besides, no difference was observed in the inmates who did not receive the treatment. This study concludes that REBT counseling with patronage technique significantly decreases the inmates’ anxiety levels in the correctional institution. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-08 Full Text: PDF

女性の覚醒剤事犯者が薬物依存に至る過程

This study aims to uncover the mechanism by which certain groups of women developed a methamphetamine addiction and ended up incarcerated. The subjects are 202 female inmates incarcerated for violating the Stimulant Drug Control Law shortly before their release from Japanese penal institutions between January and May 2016. Estimation by structural equation model indicates that higher self-esteem is less likely to be associated with developing depression, and depression is more likely to be correlated with drug addiction. However, we find that the influences of the victimization experiences during childhood or adulthood are not significant for this group of female inmates. These results align with the more recent finding by Carbone-Lopez & Miller (2012) and Smith (2017). We discuss the implication of the result.

Functional High-Intensity Interval Training Lowers Body Mass and Improves Coordination, Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Aerobic Endurance of Inmates in a German Prison.

This study examined the effects of circuit-like functional high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition and motor performance of inmates in an open German prison. The group of inmates (n=11) consisted of predominantly overweight males [average body-mass-index (BMI)=31.2]. They performed 6weeks of training including 3 sessions per week. The 6-week training program was framed by a pre-test and a post-test that assessed anthropometry and motor performance. On average, the inmates participated in 91.9% of all training sessions. The intervention significantly lowered body mass (p=0.007) and BMI (p=0.006). Fat mass and fat-free mass did not change significantly from pre-test to post-test. The times in 20m sprint did not change. The performance in lateral jumping from side-to-side (p=0.024), standing long jump (p=0.001), and 30–15 Intermittent Fitness Test (p<0.001) improved significantly. The greatest improvements were observed in the number of sit-ups (p<0.001) and push-ups (p<0.001). These findings suggest that (functional) HIIT is a practical and effective training method in the context of a prison.

Suicide Attempts and Suicides in the Views of People Subject to Imprisonment

Suicide attempts and suicides occur in every social group. The intensification of suicidal phenomena is manifested in the group of people subject to imprisonment. The main categories of suicidal causes fall into the area of mental, social and biological determinants. The most common cause, according to research on the people in prison, is the deprivation of personal freedom of an individual and life problems disrupting the functioning of the family. People subject to imprisonment express various attitudes towards suicide attempts and suicides. Almost every fourth inmate shows a positive attitude towards suicidal behaviour. This group of inmates should be provided with special educational and rehabilitation care.

The Spread of the Prison Subculture as a Driver of Its Destructive Influence on the Personality of Young Correctional Officers

Introduction: we study the negative impact of the prison subculture on the personality of a correctional officer. Amid the social crisis caused by the collapse of the USSR the prison subculture started to penetrate into popular culture. This was reflected in the widespread use of prison slang, increased interest in the way of “thieves’ life”, and the popularization and romanticization of crime bosses. Behind all this was the devaluation of the norms of law and the state, and the distortion of the status of the penal system officer. Aim: on the basis of generalization of modern experience in studying the impact of the prison subculture, we describe main directions aimed at preventing the destructive impact of the prison subculture on the personality of young correctional staff. The article deals with the issue of modern dissemination of the prison subculture among young people via the mass media, the Internet and oral transmission of information. Methods: we use empirical data collection methods (questionnaires, conversations, interviews), and methods of statistical analysis and system analysis of the data collected. Results: the findings of our research show that the prison subculture infects not only disadvantaged teenagers, but also young people from a socially favorable environment, who then enter departmental universities and serve in correctional institutions. Infection is assessed by the degree of internal involvement of a young person in the prison subculture. In the lightest form of this infection, they simply are well informed about what it is, know the meaning of prison slang expressions, understand the logic of the functioning of groups of inmates, and are favorably disposed toward these phenomena. When the infection is more complex, future and young correctional officers not only demonstrate awareness and tolerance, but also consider the prison subculture necessary and useful; they do not condemn colleagues who use it in solving official tasks and are themselves ready, if necessary, to act in this way. Discussion: general awareness of the specifics of the prison subculture is necessary for the penal system officer, but it should remain a professional knowledge that helps to assess social relations in the group and the operational situation in the correctional institution adequately. At the same time, the prison subculture should receive an objective assessment as an anti-humanistic and anti-legal phenomenon. Therefore, there is a need for systematic and targeted work to prevent the spread and deforming effects of the prison subculture among cadets of departmental universities and young correctional officers. Keywords: Subculture; prison subculture; inmates; correctional institutions; cadets; correctional officers; prevention of professional deformation; correction of the personality of a penal officer