Ability Of Group Research Articles

A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on EFL Students’ Attitudes Toward Ability Grouping

A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on EFL Students’ Attitudes Toward Ability Grouping

University Admission: Is Achievement a Sufficient Criterion?

Abstract We analyse university admissions using a statistical discrimination model where students differ by ability and social group. In this university system, candidates are evaluated on the basis of their expected human capital, which includes both their innate abilities and the knowledge acquired during their schooling. Consequently, students determine their study effort based on the behaviour of universities. Interestingly, we find that students from a less advantaged group need a lower grade to gain admission to the best universities. If a university cannot discriminate between social groups, all students with the same grade will attend universities of the same quality, but with different levels of human capital.

BTS Beyond Beats: Disclosing Semantics Through Lyric Analysis

In the contemporary music landscape, BTS (Bangtan Sonyeondan) has risen as a global phenomenon, captivating audiences not only with mesmerizing beats but also through conveying profound messages in their lyrics. This article explores the multifaceted journey of BTS, emphasizing their impact on global pop culture, significant achievements, and role as cultural ambassadors. The study addresses three key research questions focused on how BTS lyrics reflect profound messages, identifying hidden meanings through semantic analysis, and appreciating music as an art form. "BTS Beyond Beats" serves as an invitation to appreciate music as an intricate art form, transcending the auditory experience to unravel the beauty and depth within BTS's crafted words. The study sheds light on the artistic depth and cultural impact of BTS's lyrics, offering a captivating journey into their semantic landscape. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the wisdom and hidden meanings in BTS lyrics, fostering a richer appreciation of music as a profound art form that goes beyond mere melodic hums. The semantic revelation invites listeners to connect with BTS on a profound level, recognizing the cultural significance and wisdom encapsulated in each lyrical masterpiece. The research methodology integrates linguistic and cultural semiotics, content analysis, and qualitative research methods, aiming for a systematic exploration of nuanced meanings, metaphors, and connotations within BTS's lyrics. Results consistently highlight themes of self-discovery, resilience, love, and societal critique, showcasing the group's ability to navigate diverse emotional and social landscapes. Cultural nuances and references to Korean history, folklore, and societal norms contribute to BTS's identity as cultural ambassadors.

Artificial Intelligence and Public Sector Human Resource Management: Opportunities, Challenges

We have developed concerning individuals, technology, industry, and different resources because of developing globalization since evolution is an ever-evolving shift through time. Mechanical technology, language acknowledgment, picture acknowledgment, information investigation, and a couple of additional master frameworks is a portion of the innovations that are essential for the evolution of digitization and regularization of artificial intelligence. Organizations, particularly those in the IT sector, are adopting various innovations including virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and others. Human resource management methods must now undergo the same evolution through computerization of work, which might incorporate undertaking, employing achievement (the enlistment and determination process), upgraded ability quality, information examination, and group plan viability. In the current study, we carefully examined and analyzed a sizable number of published papers based on their contributions to the field of knowledge with the quickly developing trend of using artificial intelligence technology in contemporary economics. Additionally, look into how experience and age affect the suggested associations. In order to examine the link between the study's latent variables, a structural framework was established. The findings showed that behavioral intention of HR professionals is significantly influenced by trust and performance expectations. The performance expectations of HR professionals were significantly influenced by trust and technical readiness. Finally, there was no moderating influence of age or experience on the link between performance expectations and behavioral intention and trust. The results of this study help advance the notion of information technology dissemination in human resource management. All the examination of information relating to human resources has attracted the consideration of all organizations late years, and the accentuation has been put on human capital, which is viewed as the essential variable affecting the improvement of the business and its exercises at all degrees of human resource arrangements. It tries to clearly outline the problems that computer scientists are working to address for HR researchers. By emphasizing those that use artificial intelligence, it simultaneously outlines the many and modern IT approaches, tools, and methodologies now in use.

Assessment of psychological alarms and coping strategies of medical students with irritable bowel syndrome at Zagazig University: A cross-sectional study.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders. Medical students tend to report a higher prevalence of IBS since they are under constant stress. Many psychological difficulties are associated with IBS. To cope with IBS, individuals use various strategies which can impact the intensification or alleviation of IBS symptoms. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of IBS in medical students as well as psychological alarms and coping strategie employed by IBS sufferers. We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 2022 to February 2023. Study participants were first to fifth year medical school students at Zagazig University, Egypt. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising four sections: sociodemographic and clinical data; Rome IV criteria for the diagnosis of IBS; the alarm questionnaire for functional gastrointestinal disorders; and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ24). Chi-square test or Fischer's exact test, as appropriate, were used to test for association. Binary logistic regression with a backward stepwise method was used to determine significant risk factors of negative coping with IBS. Of the studied 221 medical students, 38% had IBS. A statistically significant association was observed between IBS and the feeling of tension, anxiety, nervousness, depression, and frustration in the previous week, severe pain in the past 4 weeks, and the feeling that the bad situation would not get any better. Most of the students in the IBS group coped positively with stress, while 19.0% were negative in coping. Pain affecting the daily activities and the feelings of depression and frustration to the point of self-harm or suicide were the most significant correlates of IBS group's inability to cope. The prevalence of IBS in medical students at Zagazig University was 38%. We recommend psychological intervention and stress management programs to help medical students cope with IBS.

A meta-analytic review of the relation between spatial anxiety and spatial skills.

Spatial skills are key predictors of achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, despite being acquired through everyday life and not formally taught in schools. Spatial skills include a diverse group of abilities broadly related to reasoning about properties of space such as distance and direction. Recently, more research has investigated the link between spatial skills and spatial anxiety, defined as a fear or apprehension felt when engaged in spatial thinking. There has yet to be a meta-analytic review summarizing these findings. Thus, the goal of this preregistered meta-analytic review is to provide an estimate of the size of the relation between spatial anxiety and spatial skills while considering several moderators (grade/age group, sex, spatial skills measure/subtype, spatial anxiety measure/subtype, geographical region of sample, publication type/year, and risk of bias). Analyzing 283 effect sizes accumulated from research conducted between 1994 and 2020, we found a small, negative, and statistically significant (r = -.14) correlation between spatial anxiety and spatial skills. Results showed that effect sizes including mental manipulation anxiety, scalar comparison anxiety, and navigation skill were often significantly stronger than effect sizes including measures of other subtypes. The magnitude of the relation was not significantly different in children and adults, though effect sizes tended to be weaker for younger samples (r = -.08). Our results are consistent with previous findings of a significant relation between spatial anxiety and skills, and this work bridges a gap in the existing research, lending support to future research efforts investigating spatial cognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Scaffolding instruction for improvement in learning English language skills

Students who learn English as a foreign language (EFL) or English as a second language (ESL) often struggle with limited vocabulary and poor reading comprehension skills. This action research explores the effectiveness of implementing scaffolding instruction for university level EFL/ESL students in improving their language learning skills, namely critical reading, and study skills for reading. A sample of 36 foundation year students was involved in two cycles of intervention. Triangulation of data collection was done after each cycle through student survey (SS), language learning assessment (LLA) tasks and an observation checklist to measure the impact of the proposed practice on the improvement in the participants’ learning. The scaffolding techniques used were soft versus hard (support provided only till needed), chunking (breaking down information), modelling (giving clear examples), bridging (using prior knowledge) and contextualizing (making connections). Both the quantitative and qualitative data revealed that scaffolding instruction significantly improved the participants’ language learning skills. For sustainable education, the findings emphasize the importance of conducting scaffolding instruction in small groups, assigning pre-planned and well-structured tasks with clear instructions, and providing scaffolding ‘as and when needed’ especially in a mixed ability group of EFL/ESL students.

Digital Assessment Tools: As a Media for Assesing High School Science Learning

This research is to produce a suitable digital assessment tool for high school students' in chemical literacy with validity, reliability, levels of difficulty and discrimination power. The research metodology is Research and Development (R&D) using the Oriondo and Dallo-Antonio model. The research stages include planning the test instrument, testing, determining empirical validity, determining reliability, and interpreting test scores. In the planning (instrument creation), where the validation score estimates by experts in content, language, construction, and media are above 0.8, indicating that the test instrument is considered suitable for further testing to estimate validity, reliability, difficulty levels, and discrimination power. Out of the 25 developed questions, 24 fit the Rasch model. The reliability of Instrument Part I is 0.67, and Part II is 0.65, falling into the "sufficient" category. The questions exhibit varied difficulty levels, ranging from very easy to very difficult, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.21 for Part I and 0.14 for Part II. The separation achieved by Instrument Part I is into 4 ability groups, while Instrument Part II separates into 2 ability groups. The distractors for multiple-choice questions fall into the "good" and "very good" categories, fulfilling their intended function effectively.

Developing Phoneme-Grapheme Recognition for English as a Foreign Language: A Longitudinal Study at Japanese Primary School

Foreign language was recently added to Japan's national primary school curriculum. Phoneme-Grapheme Recognition (PGR) skills are a critical step in both L1 and L2 development. Due to its simplistic approach and the lack of new investment in teacher training, research regarding the impact on PGR skills are important. This study tested the relative differences and growth of primary school students' (grades 3, 4, 5, 6) PGR skills across two semesters. Semester-1 (July) and Semester-3 (March) students (n = 256, female n = 130) completed the same PGR test during regular class time. ANOVA and follow-up pairwise tests assessed achievement differences between grades and across the two-semester gap. Difference testing between grades indicated substantial (R2 = .32 & .19) and statistically significant (p < .001) differences at both time points. Pairwise follow-up tests pointed to two steps in statistically different ability (grades 3-4/5-6). Longitudinal tests suggested that the current Japanese national elementary school curriculum supports phoneme-grapheme skill development; However, the two-step ability grouping indicated that the current national curriculum is not sufficiently detailed and/or rigorous to ensure annual student improvement in PGR skills.

Enhancing Tajwid Skills through Harakah-Based Learning Media: An Evaluation of MPQu-Berkah among Schoolchildren

The research explores the efficacy of MPQu-Berkah, a harakah-based digital media, in enhancing tajwid skills among schoolchildren (Elementary Students), specifically focusing on Makhārijul hurūf and Ṣifātul hurūf. Utilizing a Nonequivalent Pretest-posttest Control Group Design, the study compares the tajwid proficiency of students engaging with MPQu-Berkah to those following traditional learning methods. The methodology encompasses pretests and posttests, alongside an independent t-test for statistical analysis, to evaluate the impact of the learning media on Quranic reading accuracy and fluency. Findings reveal a significant improvement in the experimental group's tajwid abilities, highlighted by an 11% average competency increase, evidencing MPQu-Berkah's effectiveness. The developed media, tailored for elementary education in the digital era, features audio-visual content designed to facilitate accessible and engaging tajwid learning. Despite the positive outcomes, the study acknowledges limitations due to its experimental setting and suggests future research to investigate the wider application and sustained impact of digital learning tools in religious education. This research underlines the potential for integrating multimedia tools in educational curricula, proposing a shift towards technology-enhanced learning environments to cater to the digital-native generation's needs. The findings advocate for a paradigm change in Quranic education, indicating that technological integration can substantially improve learning outcomes, contributing to the fields of educational technology and linguistic skill teaching.

Towards valorization of rice straw into bioethanol and lignin: Emphasizing critical role of deep eutectic solvent components in biorefining process

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer a potential opportunity in biomass utilization industries. This work emphasized the impact of hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and acceptors (HBA) on deconstruction and valorization of rice straw. Acidity, alkyl chain length, hydrogen bonding ability and functional groups of HBD and HBA appeared to be important factors affecting the fractionated pulps and lignins, which further influenced ethanol fermentation. Among the candidate DESs, lactic acid/guanidine hydrochloride (LGH) was proved to be the most suitable one due to the excellent delignification and xylan removal. For the downstream fermentation process, 0.47 g g−1 of bioethanol with 0.55 g/L h−1 of productivity can be obtained from the LGH pulp’s hydrolysate. Mass balance showed 302.8 g bioethanol and 119.0 g technical lignin can be co-generated from 1 kg dried rice straw. This “green” valorization strategy offers a promising scheme in biorefinery of lignocelluloses.

How Cognitive Ability Shapes Personality Differentiation in Real Job Candidates: Insights from a Large-Scale Study.

The differentiation of personality by the cognitive ability hypothesis proposes that individuals with higher cognitive ability have more variability in their personality structure than those with lower cognitive ability. A large sample of actual job candidates (n = 14,462) who participated in an online proctored test session, providing socio-demographic information and completing cognitive ability, personality, and language proficiency assessments, was used to test this hypothesis. The total sample was divided into three equal groups (low, average, high) using percentiles as the cutoff point to investigate the effects of cognitive ability. An ANCOVA demonstrated the significant effect of cognitive ability on personality traits, controlling for language proficiency. Principal component analyses showed that the personality structure differed between the cognitive ability groups, with the high-cognitive-ability group having an additional personality component. Similarly, analyses across job complexity levels indicated more personality components for high-job-complexity positions. The implications, limitations, and future directions of this study are discussed.

The use of differing verb types in the oral narratives of school-age children

ABSTRACT The aim of this project was to examine age-related use of action, metacognitive, and metalinguistic verbs because factors related to verb transparency are thought to impact word learning. Performance on fictional, oral narratives elicited using a single-episode picture was evaluated for 84 children with typical language (TL) and 38 age-matched children with a Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) ranging in age from 5;1 to 14;4 years of age. Narrative samples were transcribed and coded for occurrences of action verbs (AV), metacognitive verbs (MCV), and metalinguistic verbs (MLV). The total number of verbs used and the number of different verbs produced in each category were examined across ages, as was the difference in verb usage patterns across language ability groups. A statistically significant increase in the overall use of action, MCV, and MLV with age was observed. TL children used a wider variety of each verb type as compared to those with DLD. Age-related progression for verb use was observed in the fictional narrative generation task by both groups of children. However, despite similar rates of total verb use, children with DLD produced fewer different verbs in the three categories. These findings indicate the total number of verbs used is similar in children with TL and DLD, but there is a difference in the number of different verbs used in functional tasks such as narratives for children with DLD. These results also indicate a need for ongoing examination of the factors not only impacting verb acquisition but also use in communication tasks.

3D VISUALIZATION OF DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL MODELS IN ENGINEERING TRAINING

The possibilities of using digital model visualization in the educational process of higher education in the training of engineers are demonstrated. Based on the assembly drawing, students are required to perform a number of tasks as a part of the educational construction bureau. First of all, it is necessary to develop a digital model of a technical product in size, distribute the details of the assembly unit among the students of the group. Further, a specialist appointed by the constructor engineer carries out the assembly and develops engineering documentation. The software engineer includes variables in the model at the level of different details and the finished assembly, which allows you to change the construction of the product in the dialog box mode. The associativity of the model and the drawing sets the automatic updating of the entire construction. Visualization of the digital model allows to customize the appearance of the assembly, apply materials, textures, lighting effects and shadows. Animation is being developed by a student from the construction bureau to understand the operation of the mechanism. Another option for demonstrating the created digital model is set using the assembly and disassembly script of the product. The presentation of the project is carried out in a virtual reality system. The engineering of the product is carried out in the T-FLEX CAD, which is part of the Russian information PLM system. The analysis of the content and effectiveness of educational activities on 3D visualization of digital models performed during group work actualizes a group of traditional knowledge, skills and abilities required by a qualified engineer and forms competencies of an advanced, innovative nature related to both the professional and the communication.

The Inclusion of Preplanned and Random and Unanticipated/Unexpected Events During Strength Training Improves the Ability to Repeat High-Intensity Efforts Under Uncertainty.

To compare the effects of unilateral flywheel training (FT), using a rotational conical pulley, including multidirectional movements with either preplanned or random unanticipated/unexpected executions on functional performance in football players. A total of 32 young male football players were randomly assigned to an FT program including preplanned unilateral multidirectional movements (PTG, n = 11), an FT executing the same unilateral movements through random (ie,right or left leg) unanticipated (ie,verbal or visual cue) or unexpected (ie,moment where the cue was provided) situations (UTG, n = 11), or a control group (n = 10) that followed their football training routine. FT consisted of 1 set × 5-12 repetitions of 4 exercises performed once a week for 10weeks. Intermittent endurance performance, repeated unilateral and bilateral jumping ability, change-of-direction (COD) ability, linear sprint velocity, preplanned repeated-sprint ability (RSA), and uncertainty RSA (RSA-RANDOM) were assessed preintervention and postintervention. Significant improvements were found in RSA-RANDOM performance (P < .05, effect size [ES] range: UTG [1.83-2.16], PTG [0.69-0.73]) and COD (P < .05, ES: UTG = 1.34, PTG = 0.98]) in both training groups. Furthermore, significant improvements were also found in intermittent endurance performance (P = .016, ES = 0.37) and sprinting (P = .006, ES = 0.45) in UTG. No changes in any variable were found in the control group. No significant between-groups differences (P > .05) were reported between UTG and PTG, while differences were observed to the control group in unilateral jumping ability, COD, and RSA-RANDOM for UTG, and in RSA-RANDOM for PTG. A 10-week unilateral FT improved RSA-RANDOM and COD ability in youth football players, so both preplanned and unexpected situations should be included on strength training.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters, Combining Ability and Heterotic Groups of New Yellow Maize Inbred Lines Using Line X Tester Model Across Two Locations

Estimation of Genetic Parameters, Combining Ability and Heterotic Groups of New Yellow Maize Inbred Lines Using Line X Tester Model Across Two Locations

교육용 콘텐츠를 활용한 지역사회 기반 교육이 지적장애 학생의 푸드코트 키오스크 사용 능력 및 수업태도에 미치는 효과

Objectives In this study, we analyzed the effect of community-based instruction using educational content on the ability of students with intellectual disabilities to use food court kiosks and their attitude toward class.&#x0D; Methods For this purpose, a study was conducted on 30 students with intellectual disabilities attending a high school special school in Province C. The students studied were wirelessly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was given community-based instruction using educational content, and the control group was given traditional classroom instruction based on direct instruction. To achieve the purpose of the study, a checklist for evaluating kiosk use ability and a teaching attitude evaluation tool were created, modified, and supplemented to evaluate students. The evaluation results were analyzed by conducting an independent samples t test.&#x0D; Results As a result of the study, both the experimental group and the control group improved their ability to use the food court kiosk, but the experimental group's ability to use it improved more, and a significant difference was found between the two groups. There was also a significant improvement in attitude toward class in both the experimental and control groups, but the attitude toward class in the experimental group improved more, and a significant difference was found between the two groups.&#x0D; Conclusions Through the analysis of the results of this study, it was confirmed that community-based instruction using educational content was more effective in improving the ability of students with intellectual disabilities to use food court kiosks and their attitude toward class. In the future, we suggest that the development of educational content that can improve the ability of intellectually disabled students to use kiosks should be actively pursued, and that community-based instructions should be developed and applied when teaching community adaptation skills.&#x0D;

Modulation of lanthanide luminescence by carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide ligand: A theoretical study

The antenna capacity of Phenacyldiphenylphosphine oxide (Phenac), combining C=O and P=O donor groups was established by theoretical examination of its chromophore properties, binding ability to encapsulate and stabilize lanthanide complexes and potential to sensitize the EuIII and TbIII luminescence in Eu(Phenac)2(NO3)3(H2O) (1), Eu(Phenac)2(NO3)3 (2), Eu(Phenac)3(NO3)3 (3) and Tb(Phenac)2(NO3)3(H2O) (4) complexes in vacuum, solution and solid phase. The ligand-centered singlet and triplet excited state energies, the rates and lifetimes for the rival nonradiative (S1→T1,2 intersystem crossing (ISC)) and radiative and nonradiative S1→S0 and T1→S0 relaxation were predicted by means of DFT/TDDFT/ωB97XD calculations. Similar relaxation paths were found for all complexes. The absorbed energy by Sn > 1(π-π*) states relaxed to T1min by major ISC mechanism S1→T2→T1. The long radiative lifetime of S1→S0 due to n(p(C)(O))π-π*,p(P) character facilitated the forward ISC process. The environment, Phenac's number and LnIII size affect the T1 energy ∼0.1 eV. The calculated (Phenac→EuIII) energy transfer rates suggested the most likely T1 → 5D1/5D0 channels for a population of emitting metal-centered states. The small Φ of EuIII and larger luminescence of TbIII were discussed and explained. The importance of the P=O and C=O groups for the coordination ability and absorption properties of Phenac has been elucidated.

FROM FIXED TO FLEXIBLE: NEEDED CONDITIONS TO PROMOTE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS’ EQUITABLE USE OF WITHIN-CLASS ABILITY GROUPING

Within-class elementary grouping is a staple of modern elementary instruction, as it ideally provides a structure in which classroom teachers can better manage academic diversity. However, it is often implemented ineffectively and/or inequitably due to various structural, cultural, and political features of school systems and teacher training programs. In this essay, I seek to delineate solutions via flexible grouping that combat historical inequities associated with student ability grouping, ultimately to equip teachers to both manage academic diversity and ensure that all students receive appropriately challenging instruction each day. The arguments put forth are informed by my ten years of work as an educator, instructional coach, and researcher, in which I have witnessed a strong, practical need for elementary small group instruction but have also grappled with how ability grouping often inequitably sorts and fixes students into groups that fuel de facto tracking. This work will benefit school and district leaders and teacher preparation programs, as they seek to address systemic issues related to teachers’ ability grouping practices. Most importantly, it will provide tangible strategies and descriptions that equip elementary educators to leverage more flexible, equitable grouping practices in their classrooms. Keywords: Ability grouping; elementary teaching; differentiation; flexible grouping; small group instruction

A Research-Based Literacy Instruction MTSS for Juvenile Correctional Facilities

A major challenge for juvenile correctional facilities (JCF) is providing literacy instruction to a transitory student population with a wide range of literacy abilities. The purpose of this study was to identify unique literacy profiles of students in long-term JCF taking into consideration their reading abilities, language abilities, intelligence quotient (IQ), disability classification, age, and grade level. Using latent profile analyses with a sample of 370 in the southeastern United States, we identified three distinct classes. Three ability groups of students (average literacy abilities, below-average literacy abilities, substantially below-average literacy abilities) were identified. Thirty-six percent performed at the average level, 55% performed below grade level; and 8% had substantial literacy deficits with an overrepresentation of students with emotional disturbance (ED) and specific learning disability (SLD). Findings provide the foundation for an evidence-based multi-tiered system of supports literacy framework within JCF. Instructional implications concerning the provision of English Language Arts in JCF are provided.