Class Group Research Articles

SOCIAL EDUCATION OF VULNERABLE CHILDREN IN THE SUMMER CAMPS OF THE USA

Children's health camps are one of the most common forms of summer recreation for children and teenagers. Summer camp is, on the one hand, a form of organizing free time for children of different ages, genders and developmental levels, and on the other hand, it is a space for improving the health and development of a child's artistic, technical, and social creativity. Children's summer camp has its own specificity, which gives it certain advantages over other forms and means of work. The environment of the camp is very different from the usual home or school environment. This is expressed, first of all, in children living together. It is here that children interact more closely with their adult mentors, a "zone of trust" emerges between them more quickly. Thirdly, children participate in a healthier and safer way of life in the natural conditions of the social and natural environment. Fourth, children actively communicate with nature, which contributes to strengthening their health and increasing the level of ecological culture. And, finally, rest, entertainment and hobbies give children the opportunity to restore their physical and mental strength. All this helps to develop new skills, to more fully reveal the potential of one's personality. The stay of problem children prone to deviant behavior in summer camps is of particular importance. They usually feel isolated in the class group, are often brought up in dysfunctional families, and do not have the skills of adequate behavior in society. In the summer camp, special attention is paid to them, they feel like equal members of the team, have the opportunity to do their favorite things and positively express themselves in some type of activity. The USA have long and established traditions. Some of them work only in the summer, others ‒ throughout the year. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of working with problem children in summer country camps. Theoretical research methods have been used in this study (analysis of scientific sources, systematisation, concretization, comparison, abstraction and generalisation). The results of this investigation give possibility to reveal that appropriate work with problem children is carried out in summer camps, and is aimed not only at their physical improvement, but also moral improvement. As a result, there are positive changes in the intellectual, motivational, emotional, volitional, sphere and self-regulation of the individual. The generalized model of work with problem children in summer camps involves 3 stages: diagnosis of the child's personal development; development of relevant programs for working with children; implementation of programs.

Low-latency Hardware Architecture for VDF Evaluation in Class Groups

Low-latency Hardware Architecture for VDF Evaluation in Class Groups

Between Linguistics and Ideology: Lev Iakubinskii on Social Dialects

Abstract One of the central points of the sociolinguistic conception of Lev Iakubinskii (1892–1945) became the thesis about the differentiation of language in accordance with the social structure of society, leading to the formation of class dialects. The basic ideas of this conception were formulated by Iakubinskii in a series of articles published in the journal “Literary Studies” in 1930–1931 and in the collection “Essays on Language” (1932). In these works, Iakubinskii considers language as a heterogeneous formation, consisting of the languages of certain class groups (the language of the peasantry, the language of the proletariat, etc.), and also addresses the question of the formation of a united national language. The present article examines the origins and components of Iakubinskii’s sociolinguistic conception and considers to what extent his engagement with this topic was influenced by the complex political and ideological context of the early Soviet period.

Pengembangan Media Monopoli Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning Pembelajaran IPA Kelas III di SDN Kampung Melayu III

Education plays an important role in improving the quality of Human Resources and aims to make people who are virtuous, knowledgeable, and dignified. The implementation of science learning at SDN Kampung Melayu III is still less attractive because it only uses media such as textbooks, modules, and worksheets, so there is a need for the development of learning media to improve learning outcomes. This study uses the R&D method to produce new products or improve existing ones by considering certain aspects. Data collection techniques used are interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documentation, conducted in October 2022 involving subject matter and media experts, third-grade teachers, as well as small and large groups of class III A at SDN Kampung Melayu III, Teluknaga District, Tangerang Regency. This study develops monopoly-based problem-based learning science learning media. This study includes six validation stages and three field trial stages, with results showing that monopoly media is effective in improving students' ability in science learning and can be used as a fun learning resource. In science learning at SDN Kampung Melayu III, the use of monopoly media with problem-based learning models has been proven to significantly improve student learning outcomes and is suitable because it can help students solve problems critically and develop problem-solving skills.

McShane Identities for Higher Teichmüller Theory and the Goncharov–Shen Potential

We derive generalizations of McShane’s identity for higher ranked surface group representations by studying a family of mapping class group invariant functions introduced by Goncharov and Shen, which generalize the notion of horocycle lengths. In particular, we obtain McShane-type identities for finite-area cusped convex real projective surfaces by generalizing the Birman–Series geodesic scarcity theorem. More generally, we establish McShane-type identities for positive surface group representations with loxodromic boundary monodromy, as well as McShane-type inequalities for general rank positive representations with unipotent boundary monodromy. Our identities are systematically expressed in terms of projective invariants, and we study these invariants: we establish boundedness and Fuchsian rigidity results for triple and cross ratios. We apply our identities to derive the simple spectral discreteness of unipotent-bordered positive representations, collar lemmas, and generalizations of the Thurston metric.

The Variation Between Subjective and Objective Class Positions in South Africa. The Distance Between Perception and Reality

ABSTRACT: The study is an exploratory attempt to assess the relationship between individuals' objective class position and subjective social positions in the South African hierarchy. While objective class dynamics have received much attention in South Africa, less is known about the subjective social position individuals place themselves. The study aims to make use of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) dataset and assess the relationship between objective and subjective class positions in South Africa. The results show considerable variation between objective and subjective class positions, with a strong middling tendency among all objective class groups in South Africa. The study also shows that this middling tendency has increased in the last decade in South Africa, predominantly due to individuals overestimating their social positions. With a large share of South Africans living close or below the poverty line, there is a clear biasedness of South Africans placing themselves in the middle of society, deviating from their lower objective position. The study further measures the variation between objective and subjective social positions to create a novel class scheme of inflated, deflated, and concordant class perceptions. These biased perceptions are then compared to socio-economic characteristics, showing that gender, race, and education are closely related to bias perceptions in South Africa. Furthermore, the increasing nature of high inequality and social unrest events in South Africa prompts the study also to assess the different social and political attitudes by varying objective and subjective class schemes. The results show that among the subjective class identification, individuals in higher perceived class positions tend to be less angered towards inequality, have lower redistribution preferences, and perceive a weaker conflict between the rich and the poor. These results confirm the impact perceived social positions and biased perceptions could have on social and political attitudes in South Africa. Attitudes that have been considered relevant in voting behavior and social policy formulation models. The results of the paper provides some vital information for policy makers on the dynamics behind subjective class and bias perceptions in South Africa.

Effective mapping class group dynamics, I: Counting lattice points in Teichmüller space

Effective mapping class group dynamics, I: Counting lattice points in Teichmüller space

GaiaData Release 3

Context.GaiaDR3 contains 1.8 billion sources withG-band photometry, 1.5 billion of which withGBPandGRPphotometry, complemented by positions on the sky, parallax, and proper motion. The median number of field-of-view transits in the three photometric bands is between 40 and 44 measurements per source and covers 34 months of data collection.Aims.We pursue a classification of Galactic and extra-galactic objects that are detected as variable byGaiaacross the whole sky.Methods.Supervised machine learning (eXtreme Gradient Boosting and Random Forest) was employed to generate multi-class, binary, and meta-classifiers that classified variable objects with photometric time series in theG,GBP, andGRPbands.Results.Classification results comprise 12.4 million sources (selected from a much larger set of potential variable objects) and include about 9 million variable stars classified into 22 variability types in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies such as the Magellanic Clouds and Andromeda, plus thousands of supernova explosions in distant galaxies, 1 million active galactic nuclei, and almost 2.5 million galaxies. The identification of galaxies was made possible by the artificial variability of extended objects as detected byGaia, so they were published in thegalaxy_candidatestable of theGaiaDR3 archive, separate from the classifications of genuine variability (in thevari_classifier_resulttable). The latter contains 24 variability classes or class groups of periodic and non-periodic variables (pulsating, eclipsing, rotating, eruptive, cataclysmic, stochastic, and microlensing), with amplitudes from a few milli-magnitudes to several magnitudes.

The Spatial Dimension of Social Stratification in Germany—Are Social Class Differentials in Place of Residence Increasing?

It is widely assumed that post-industrial societies are characterized not only by growing economic inequalities and social polarization but also by increasing spatial segregation. This paper does not address residential segregation (i.e., “intra-city” inequalities), but instead investigates how social classes are distributed over different settlement types and whether class differences in places of residence have increased between 1996 and 2018. Based on microcensus data and applying the ESeC class schema, we focus on the question of whether members of the “new middle class” are increasingly concentrated in post-industrial metropolises while members of the “old middle class” largely reside in peripheral towns and regions. The results do not support the assumption that spatial disparities between classes have systematically increased in Germany. However, opposing trends in the likelihood of residing in the most dynamic cluster of the German metropolises are observed for the youngest age group of the new middle class and the oldest age group of the old middle class.

Extensions of Veech groups I: A hyperbolic action

AbstractGiven a lattice Veech group in the mapping class group of a closed surface , this paper investigates the geometry of , the associated ‐extension group. We prove that is the fundamental group of a bundle with a singular Euclidean‐by‐hyperbolic geometry. Our main result is that collapsing “obvious” product regions of the universal cover produces an action of on a hyperbolic space, retaining most of the geometry of . This action is a key ingredient in the sequel where we show that is hierarchically hyperbolic and quasi‐isometrically rigid.

Studi Etnometodologi: Peengendalian Persediaan Beras Bulog

Purpose: This research aims to interpret rice inventory control by Perum Bulog Regional Office of NTB Methodology/approach: This research uses a qualitative approach with ethnomethodology method. Data collection techniques used observation and interviews. The informants in this study amounted to 4 people consisting of 2 warehouse weighers, 1 OPP implementation staff, and 1 quality management. Findings: The results of this study indicate that the control of rice inventory by Perum Bulog Regional Office of NTB consists of, entry flow, exit flow, and storage of rice quality maintenance in the warehouse. The flow of rice is carried out according to the order from the office in the form of SO (Sell Order) Form through the distribution of disaster relief rice reserves, distribution of class groups, movement activities, and distribution of supply availability and price stability (KPSH). In addition, the flow of rice in the Bulog Regional Office of NTB is carried out in accordance with orders from the office in the form of PO (Purchase Order) Forms through work units (Satker), partnership programs, and through grain and rice processing units (UP-GB). Control of rice inventory at Perum Bulog Regional Office of NTB is carried out in accordance with logistics orders to maintain inventory turnover at the price of government regulations. Practical and Theoretical contribution/Originality: Controlling rice inventory at Perum Bulog Regional Office of NTB using Ethnomethodology methods Research Limitation: It is difficult to arrange informants' schedules to conduct interviews due to many other jobs so that researchers have difficulty when obtaining data

Gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

The real causal relationship between human gut microbiota and T1D remains unclear and difficult to establish. Herein, we adopted a two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causality between gut microbiota and T1D. We leveraged publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to perform MR analysis. The gut microbiota-related GWAS data from 18,340 individuals from the international consortium MiBioGen were used. The summary statistic data for T1D (n = 264,137) were obtained from the latest release from the FinnGen consortium as the outcome of interest. The selection of instrumental variables conformed strictly to a series of preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), and weighted mode methods were used to assess the causal association. The Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis were conducted to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy. At the phylum level, only Bacteroidetes was indicated to have causality on T1D (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01-1.53, P = 0.044) in the IVW analysis. When it comes to their subcategories, Bacteroidia class (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.53, P = 0.009, P FDR = 0.085), Bacteroidales order (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.53, P = 0.009, P FDR = 0.085), and Eubacterium eligens group genus (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.50-0.81, P = 2.84×10-4, P FDR = 0.031) were observed to have a causal relationship with T1D in the IVW analysis. No heterogeneity and pleiotropy were detected. The present study reports that Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidia class, and Bacteroidales order causally increase T1D risk, whereas Eubacterium eligens group genus, which belongs to the Firmicutes phylum, causally decreases T1D risk. Nevertheless, future studies are warranted to dissect the underlying mechanisms of specific bacterial taxa's role in the pathophysiology of T1D.

Applications of the algebraic geometry of the Putman–Wieland conjecture

AbstractWe give two applications of our prior work toward the Putman–Wieland conjecture. First, we deduce a strengthening of a result of Marković–Tošić on virtual mapping class group actions on the homology of covers. Second, let and let be a finite ‐cover of topological surfaces. We show the virtual action of the mapping class group of on an ‐isotypic component of has nonunitary image.

The rational torsion subgroup of J0(N)

Let N be a positive integer and let J0(N) be the Jacobian variety of the modular curve X0(N). For any prime p≥5 whose square does not divide N, we prove that the p-primary subgroup of the rational torsion subgroup of J0(N) is equal to that of the rational cuspidal divisor class group of X0(N), which is explicitly computed in [33]. Also, we prove the same assertion holds for p=3 under the extra assumption that either N is not divisible by 3 or there is a prime divisor of N congruent to −1 modulo 3.

Conjugator lengths in hierarchically hyperbolic groups

In this paper, we establish upper bounds on the length of the shortest conjugator between pairs of infinite order elements in a wide class of groups. We obtain a general result which applies to all hierarchically hyperbolic groups, a class which includes mapping class groups, right-angled Artin groups, Burger–Mozes-type groups, most 3-manifold groups, and many others. In this setting, we establish a linear bound on the length of the shortest conjugator for any pair of conjugate Morse elements. For a subclass of these groups, including, in particular, all virtually compact special groups, we prove a sharper result by obtaining a linear bound on the length of the shortest conjugator between a suitable power of any pair of conjugate infinite order elements.

The Influence of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Approaches on Learning Outcomes of Alternative Energy Subthemes

The purpose of this study was to improve learning outcomes in the alternative energy sub-theme by using a two-group design quasi-experimental research method at Selaawi State Elementary School. The subjects of this study were students in class III-A and III-B of Selaawi State Elementary School which consisted of 53 students. This research was conducted in the even semester of the 2020/2021 school year. The results showed that there was an influence of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Approach on Learning Outcomes of the Alternative Energy Sub-theme. This can be seen from the average N-gain value in the experimental class group of 79 in the high category, and the average N-gain value in the control class is 57.77. Thus the results of testing the hypothesis that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted because t_count> t_table is 9.5202 > 2.00758. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that this research shows that there is a positive effect of using the STEM approach.

Application of european society of cardiology guidelines 2020 on competitive sports eligibility in a large population of subjects with surgically corrected congenital heart disease

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 0.5-1% of the general population. Thanks to the improvement of medical and surgical techniques, in developed countries 90% of individuals with CHD reach adulthood and, consequently, the demand for participation in sporting activities also increases. Recently, the European Society of Cardiology have given recommendations on participation in recreational and competitive sports (ESC 2020) based on a clinical and functional algorithm. Purpose To show the prevalence of the eligibility for competitive sports proposed by ESC 2020 in a real CHD population and the prevalence of real engagement in physical activity (both competitive and non-competitive). Also, to evaluate the difference in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the impact of training among different sport eligibility classes. Methods Retrospective study of 401 patients with surgically corrected CHD and followed up with cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performed on treadmill or cycle ergometer until patients’ exhaustion. Subjects were divided in 4 classes according with ESC 2020 guidelines and corresponding to the eligibility for all competitive sport (A), all except endurance specialties (B), only for skill disciplines (C) or not eligible (D). Results Median (IQR) age was 18.0(13.0; 21.5) years; 266 patients (66.3%) were males. 34% were in class D, 13% in class B, 25% in class C and 28% in class A. Within the entire population, 179 subjects (44.6%) carried out structured exercise training, corresponding to 60.7% of subjects in class A, 45.1% of those in class B, 41.7% of those in class C and 41.1% of those in class D. VO2peak/Kg was similar between class A [39.2 (33.6-44.4) mL/Kg/min] and B [37.9 (30.6-42.6) mL/Kg/min], but significantly different between class A vs. class C [33.3 (28.3-41.4) mL/Kg/min p<.0001] and class D [32.2 (27.6-39.3) mL/Kg/min p<.0001]. Also, functional impairment, defined as <85% of the predicted for age and sex, resulted significantly higher in patients in the lower classes of sport eligibility (C and D) than in the higher ones, with a prevalence of impaired CRF of 22.5% in class A, 42.5% in class B, 55.1% in class C and 57.0% in class D (p <.0001). Paired comparison showed significant differences in CRF (VO2peak/Kg) between trained and untrained subjects both within and across ESC 2020 classes, while there was no significant difference between paired groups of different classes who presented the same level of physical activity (Figure 1). Conclusions Subjects in class A had better functional capacity than those in C and D classes, but exercise training (competitive or non-competitive) can have a significant impact on CRF level. Figure 1 shows that trained people in D class had higher CRF than untrained in A class, supporting that functional evaluation and an individualized exercise prescription may recruit functional "reserve" by improving the VO2peak as key prognostic component.

Cooperative learning and social cohesion: Study in the 4th year classes of tourism degree of Cuba and Mexico

The comprehensive training of future professionals is a fundamental objective of Higher Education. In this sense, cooperative learning, while contributing to learning, also favors the development of social competences that promote the social cohesion of the group or class. The objective of this research is to compare two class groups of Bachelor’s degree courses in Tourism from universities in Cuba and Mexico, taking into account the social cohesion achieved from the cooperative learning experience. The Social Network Analysis method is used to obtain those indicators that show the social cohesion achieved by these class groups subject to cooperative learning practices. The results show that the Cuban class group exhibits better results with respect to Mexico. On the other hand, some elements that should continue to be worked on from this experience for the development of social competencies and to achieve greater social cohesion are evidenced.
 Received: 8 April 2022Accepted: 16 April 2023

Isotopy classes of involutions of del Pezzo surfaces

Let Mn:=CP2#nCP2‾ for 0≤n≤8 be the underlying smooth manifold of a degree 9−n del Pezzo surface. We prove three results about the mapping class group Mod(Mn):=π0(Homeo+(Mn)):1.the classification of, and a structure theorem for, all involutions in Mod(Mn),2.a positive solution to the smooth Nielsen realization problem for involutions of Mn, and3.a purely topological characterization of three remarkable types of involutions on certain Mn coming from birational geometry: de Jonquiéres involutions, Geiser involutions, and Bertini involutions. One main ingredient is the theory of hyperbolic reflection groups.

Differences in the Effectiveness of Utilizing Whatsapp Group in Synchronous and Asynchronous Class III Online Learning at SDN Ardimulyo 01

This study aims to describe: (1) Whether the use of WhatsApp groups in online learning can improve student learning outcomes. (2) What is the level of effectiveness of online learning by utilizing the WhatsApp group conducted at SDN Ardimulyo 01? This research was conducted using an experimental method. Data were collected through test, questionnaire, and documentation. The population in this study were students of class III SDN Ardimulyo 01 and the sample of this study were the students of class III A. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. The experimental results showed (1) an increase in intermediate learning outcomes. The pre-test and post-test after being given the treatment with the gain score data for the experimental class was 54.5%, while the control class was 45.5%, so it can be said that the gain score for the experimental class was higher than the control class. (2) The average overall data in the student questionnaire was 74.5 which is included in the category of the effectiveness level interpretation value in the range 61-80, which is effective.
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