Group Scheme Research Articles

A Highly Stable Two-Photon Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe for Real-Time Biosensing and Imaging of Nitric Oxide in Brain Tissues and Larval Zebrafish

A Highly Stable Two-Photon Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe for Real-Time Biosensing and Imaging of Nitric Oxide in Brain Tissues and Larval Zebrafish

A Modified Hybrid Integral Equation to Electromagnetic Scattering from Composite PEC-Dielectric Objects Containing Closed-Open PEC Junctions

To efficiently analyze the electromagnetic scattering from composite perfect electric conductor (PEC)-dielectric objects with coexisting closed-open PEC junctions, a modified hybrid integral equation (HIE) is established as the surface integral equation (SIE) part of the volume surface integral equation (VSIE), which employs the combined field integral equation (CFIE) and the electric field integral equation (EFIE) on the closed and open PEC surfaces, respectively. Different from the traditional HIE modeled for the objects whose closed and open PEC surfaces are strictly separate, the modified HIE can be applied to the objects containing closed-open junctions. A matrix equation is obtained by using the Galerkin’s method of moments (MoM), which is augmented with the spherical harmonics expansion-based multilevel fast multipole algorithm (SE-MLFMA), improved by the mixed-potential representation and the triangle/tetrahedron-based grouping scheme. Because in the improved SE-MLFMA, the memory usage for storing the radiation patterns of basis functions is independent of the SIE type in the VSIE, it is highly appropriate for the fast solution of the VSIE that contains the HIE. Various numerical experiments demonstrate that during the calculation of composite objects containing closed-open PEC junctions, the application of the modified HIE in the VSIE can give reliable results with fast convergence speed.

Development of efficient testing algorithm for hydraulic valve group

Based on the principle of flexible testing technology, the test software is designed hierarchically and modularized. By calling the optimization algorithm of the test process, the automatic combination of the test process and the package call of the basic unit program of the test, the optimal sequencing and flexible configuration of the valve group test process are realized, and the efficiency of the automatic test scheme of the valve group is effectively improved. The test results show that the optimized test scheme can reduce the test time by 14.8% ∼ 34.6% and the test energy consumption by 9.0% ∼ 11.2%.

COMPARISON OF KUMMER LOGARITHMIC TOPOLOGIES WITH CLASSICAL TOPOLOGIES

AbstractWe compare the Kummer flat (resp., Kummer étale) cohomology with the flat (resp., étale) cohomology with coefficients in smooth commutative group schemes, finite flat group schemes, and Kato’s logarithmic multiplicative group. We are particularly interested in the case of algebraic tori in the Kummer flat topology. We also make some computations for certain special cases of the base log scheme.

Order of torsion for reduction of linearly independent points for a family of Drinfeld modules

Let q be a power of the prime number p, let K=Fq(t), and let r⩾2 be an integer. For points a,b∈K which are Fq-linearly independent, we show that there exist positive constants N0 and c0 such that for each integer ℓ⩾N0 and for each generator τ of Fqℓ/Fq, we have that for all except N0 values λ∈Fq‾, the corresponding specializations a(τ) and b(τ) cannot have orders of degrees less than c0log⁡log⁡ℓ as torsion points for the Drinfeld module Φ(τ,λ):Fq[T]⟶EndFq‾(Ga) (where Ga is the additive group scheme), given by ΦT(τ,λ)(x)=τx+λxq+xqr.

Higher dimensional formal orbifolds and orbifold bundles in positive characteristic

Kumar and Parameswaran introduced formal orbifold curves defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristics. They studied both étale and Nori fundamental group schemes associated to such objects. Our aim here is to study the higher dimensional analog of these objects and their fundamental groups.

Socio-Technical Viability Framework for Micro Hydropower in Group Water-Energy Schemes

Most renewable energy (RE) studies focus on technology readiness, environmental benefits and/or cost savings. The market permeation, viability and adoption of RE technologies such as micro hydropower (MHP), however, require the alignment of other interrelated factors, such as the socio-technical, institutional and political dimensions. This is particularly the case where the energy recovery potential in decentralised water networks is being explored as part of a wholesome sustainability strategy by and for individual and communal prosumers. This study employs a socio-technical approach to understand factors that influence the perceived viability and adoption of MHP in group water-energy schemes. Methods included a progressive literature review to formulate a conceptual framework for the implementation of MHP systems. The framework was validated using survey data from representative stakeholders from groups schemes in Ireland and Spain. These stakeholders were sampled and surveyed at the stage of considering the adoption of MHP in their water networks. The findings highlight the push–pull factors and discusses the opportunities and barriers to the adoption of MHP systems. It confirms that the market, institutional and policy context, cost and financial benefits, social support and collaborative services combine to influence the adoption of MHP technology. Thus, a framework for evaluating the socio-technical viability of MHP systems based on these more realistic integrated, multi-dimensional criteria is proposed.

Deep learning based user grouping for FD-MIMO systems exploiting statistical channel state information

The joint spatial division and multiplexing (JSDM) is a two-phase precoding scheme for massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system under frequency division duplex (FDD) mode to reduce the amount of channel state information (CSI) feedback. To apply this scheme, users need to be partitioned into groups so that users in the same group have similar channel covariance eigenvectors while users in different groups have almost orthogonal eigenvectors. In this paper, taking the clustered user model into account, we consider the user grouping of JSDM for the downlink massive MIMO system with uniform planar antenna array (UPA) at base station (BS). A deep learning based user grouping algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency of the user grouping process. The proposed grouping algorithm transfers the statistical CSI of all users into a picture, and utilizes the deep learning enabled objective detection model you look only once (YOLO) to divide the users into different groups rapidly. Simulation results show that the proposed user grouping scheme can achieve higher sum rate with less time delay.

Medical Quora Tagging using MATAR and LDA Algorithm

The success of clustering or classification methods the detection of relevant textual formats is incredibly meaningful. The high dimensionality and irrelevance of textual materials was subjected to text records. Existing methods lack integration and are particularly vulnerable to original value. Metaheuristic algorithms are also applied to solve the challenges of standard classification algorithms. In this paper, an enhanced Latent Dirichlet Assignment clustering method & Inter Modeling for Tag Suggestion rating system is documented to boost correlation - based & identification efficiency to suggest labels with material modern web labels that promotes the exchange of medical information using unmonitored data through question-answering. For accurate tagging, Methods like POS marking, Hopping, Whistles& Stopping words are being used for speech recognition. The efficiency of the evolved architectures is compared to the standard methods, by using specificity of the recommendation, defining features, sensitivity, plain word and speed. The findings reveal that the classification and grouping scheme of the proposed structure succeeds traditional textual record approaches.

On the Grothendieck–Serre conjecture on principal bundles in mixed characteristic

Let $R$ be a regular local ring. Let $\mathbf {G}$ be a reductive $R$-group scheme. A conjecture of Grothendieck and Serre predicts that a principal ${\mathbf {G}}$-bundle over $R$ is trivial if it is trivial over the quotient field of $R$. The conjecture is known when $R$ contains a field. We prove the conjecture for a large class of regular local rings

An embedding problem for finite local torsors over twisted curves

AbstractIn his previous paper, the author proposed as a problem a purely inseparable analogue of the Abhyankar conjecture for affine curves in positive characteristic and gave a partial answer to it, which includes a complete answer for finite local nilpotent group schemes. In the present paper, motivated by the Abhyankar conjectures with restricted ramifications due to Harbater and Pop, we study a refined version of the analogous problem, based on a recent work on tamely ramified torsors due to Biswas–Borne, which is formulated in terms of root stacks. We study an embedding problem to conclude that the refined analogue is true in the solvable case.

The geometry of filtrations

We display a symmetric monoidal equivalence between the stable ∞-category of filtered spectra, and quasi-coherent sheaves on A 1 / G m , the quotient in the setting of spectral algebraic geometry of the flat affine line by the canonical action of the flat multiplicative group scheme. Via a Tannaka duality argument, we identify the underlying spectrum and associated graded functors with pull-backs of quasi-coherent sheaves along certain morphisms of stacks.

Every $BT_1$ group scheme appears in a Jacobian

Let $p$ be a prime number and let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$. A $BT_1$ group scheme over $k$ is a finite commutative group scheme which arises as the kernel of $p$ on a $p$-divisible (Barsotti--Tate) group. Our main result is that every $BT_1$ scheme group over $k$ occurs as a direct factor of the $p$-torsion group scheme of the Jacobian of an explicit curve defined over $\mathbb{F}_p$. We also treat a variant with polarizations. Our main tools are the Kraft classification of $BT_1$ group schemes, a theorem of Oda, and a combinatorial description of the de Rham cohomology of Fermat curves.

Pseudo-rigid p-torsion finite flat commutative group schemes

Let p be a prime number and k a perfect field of characteristic p. In the present paper, we study deformations of finite flat commutative group schemes over k to the ring W of Witt vectors with coefficients in k. We prove that, for a given principally quasi-polarizable p-torsion finite flat commutative group scheme over k, it holds that the group scheme is pseudo-rigid — i.e., roughly speaking, has a unique, up to isomorphism over W, deformation to W — if and only if the group scheme is superspecial.

The rôle of Coulomb branches in 2D gauge theory

I give a simple construction of the Coulomb branches {\mathscr{C}_{3,4}(G;E)} of gauge theory in three and four dimensions, defined by H. Nakajima [Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 20 (2016)] and A. Braverman, M. Finkelberg and H. Nakajima [Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 22 (2018)] for a compact Lie group G and a polarizable quaternionic representation E . The manifolds {\mathscr{C}(G;\mathbf{0})} are abelian group schemes over the bases of regular adjoint {G_\mathbb{C}} -orbits, respectively conjugacy classes, and {\mathscr{C}(G;E)} is glued together over the base from two copies of {\mathscr{C}(G;\mathbf{0})} shifted by a rational Lagrangian section {\varepsilon_V} , representing the Euler class of the index bundle of a polarization {V} of {E} . Extending the interpretation of {\mathscr{C}_3(G;\mathbf{0})} as “classifying space” for topological 2D gauge theories, I characterize functions on {\mathscr{C}_3(G;E)} as operators on the equivariant quantum cohomologies of {M\times V} , for compact symplectic {G} -manifolds {M} . The non-commutative version has a similar description in terms of the {\Gamma} -class of {V} .

Environmental and financial assessments of open burning, open dumping and integrated municipal solid waste disposal schemes among different income groups

This research investigated the cost-effectiveness of twenty-four municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal schemes for four per capita income groups (low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income groups) using life cycle cost assessment (LCCA). In the study, the LCCA included cash inflow (sales of recycle materials, fertilizer, and surplus electricity), cash outlay (investment and operation and maintenance costs), and environmental costs (based on environmental impacts). The life cycle environmental impacts and costs assessments were carried out using Stepwise2006. The most environmentally and financially preferable MSW disposal scenarios were determined for all four income groups. The LCCA was further applied to existing LCA-based studies on MSW management in India (a lower-middle income country) and Brazil (an upper-middle income country), and results were compared with the original LCA-based findings. The results showed that the environmental impacts of disposal schemes of the lower income groups were the lowest, while the cost-effectiveness were the highest (−284.79 to −1698.77 US$2019 per ton). The findings also revealed that the environmental impacts and per capita income were positively correlated. Composting biodegradable waste (320.16–402.40 US$2019 per ton) and landfilling combustible waste (312.87–350.06 US$2019 per ton) incurred the lowest total environmental costs. The most environmentally and financially preferable MSW disposal scenarios for all four income groups were the disposal scheme that integrates multiple waste disposal processes, including recycling for recyclable waste, incineration for combustible waste, composting for biodegradable waste, and landfill for non-recyclable and non-combustible waste, given the high financial gains and low environmental costs. In essence, LCCA takes into account both the financial and environmental costs, thus closely reflecting the actual cost of MSW management. Therefore, policymakers should adopt the LCCA method in the formulation and implementation of the national MSW management policy and action plans.

Molecular Characterization of German Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Analysis Based on WGS Reveals Novel STs.

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a major cause of severe nosocomial infections worldwide. The emergence of infections associated with A. baumannii poses a significant health risk in Germany. A. baumannii is part of the ACB complex and is difficult to distinguish from other species phenotypically, necessitating its reliable identification. The current study analyzed 89 A. baumannii strains from human and non-human origins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI–TOF) and PCR detection of intrinsic blaOXA-51-like carbapenemase, blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-58-like, and ISAba 1 genes. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was applied for species confirmation and strain type determination. Combining the molecular detection of the intrinsic blaOXA-51-like carbapenemase gene together with MALDI–TOF with a score value of >2.300 proved to be a suitable tool for A. baumannii identification. WGS data for all of the sequenced strains confirmed the identity of all A. baumannii strains. The Pasteur scheme successfully assigned 79.7% of the strains into distinct STs, while the Oxford scheme succeeded in allocating only 42.7% of isolates. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis based on the Pasteur scheme identified 16 STs. ST/241 was the most prevalent in samples from non-human origin, whereas ST/2 was predominant in human samples. Furthermore, eight isolates of non-human origin were allocated to seven new STs (ST/1410, ST/1414, ST/1416, ST/1417, ST/1418, ST/1419, and ST/1421). Ten isolates from non-human origin could not be typed since new alleles were observed in the loci Pas_cpn60, Pas_rpoB, and Pas_gltA. MLST analysis based on the Pasteur scheme was more appropriate than the Oxford scheme for the current group of A. baumannii.

The introduction of balint groups for core medical trainees – a pilot

AimsTo introduce and assess the impact of balint groups on core medical trainee (CMT) doctors working within an acute medical trust.BackgroundA high rate (80%) of dissatisfaction and burnout has been reported amongst trainee doctors. This has had a significant impact on recruitment with a large proportion of foundation doctors delaying their application into core specialist training. Of those already in training, up to 50% have reported taking time, out citing burnout as a cause. Balint groups are a form of reflective practice groups looking at the doctor-patient interaction. For core psychiatric trainees these groups are a mandatory part of their training.MethodWe piloted a total of three balint groups over a period of three months amongst CMT doctors based at an acute medical trust in London. A specialty registrar (ST6) in psychiatry facilitated the balint groups. Balint facilitators received supervision from a consultant psychiatrist in psychotherapy. CMT doctors were given questionnaires at the beginning of session one and emerging themes later explored. The questionnaires used were taken from the ‘Bristol Trainee-led Balint Group Scheme’.ResultThe pre-questionnaires showed that all CMT doctors surveyed believed psychological factors play an important role on patient presentation and recovery. 14/19 (74%) agreed or strongly agreed that a doctor's reaction to a patient directly influenced care. All doctors agreed or strongly agreed that it was important to reflect on a patient's emotional experience, as it was crucial to their development as a doctor.CMT doctors found balint groups useful as it provided them a space, which was not routinely offered to discuss challenging cases. Themes that emerged included a lack of support and difficulties maintaining boundaries when treating complex patients. Litigation was a recurring theme with many trainees reporting anxieties and a lack of support. Trainees reported guilt and worries that they were not doing enough for their patients. These themes appeared to have a direct impact on training experience and burnout.ConclusionWith increasing burnout and dissatisfaction amongst junior doctors, balint groups provide a unique approach to supporting junior doctors within medical specialties. The current pilot has demonstrated that CMT doctors can make use of balint groups in an effective way. We recommend that balint groups should become an integral part of specialist medical training. Psychiatrists can play a central role in supporting the health and well being of medical trainees through balint group facilitation.

Study on Spatial Pattern of Regional Tourism under Influence of High-Speed Tourism Corridor: Case Study of Taihang Mountain Expressway

In order to study the influence of Taihang Mountain Expressway on the tourism industry pattern of Taihang Mountain area in Hebei Province, the vector data of Taihang Mountain Expressway, the data of 43 exit nodes along the Expressway and the data of 76 scenic spots above 3A level are collected and sorted out. The unique association of the scenic spot-expressway exit node is constructed, the sum of the fuzzy contact intensities of the scenic spot-expressway exit nodes and the sum of the fuzzy contact intensities of the associated scenic spot nodes of each expressway exit are calculated, the fuzzy agglomeration of each exit node is calculated, and the spatial tourist grouping scheme based on COP objective function is analyzed and adjusted by the using the improved F-AMST model (designed with twice-splitting and twice-clustering). The result shows that (1) under the influence of Taihang Mountain Expressway, the result of spatial tourist grouping in this area includes 4 primary groups and 8 secondary groups; (2) by comparing with the results of previous studies of the division of mountainous tourism agglomeration areas in Hebei Province, the result of spatial tourist grouping is basically consistent with those of mountainous tourism agglomeration areas, but the fuzzy clustering intensity of spatial tourist grouping is significantly better than that of agglomeration division, that is, the completion and opening of Taihang Mountain Expressway enhances the agglomeration among scenic spots; (3) under the influence of Taihang Mountain Expressway filtration effect, there are 18 'vacuum filtration' nodes without scenic area connection and 3 'secondary filtration' nodes with less fuzzy association intensity; (4) Taihang Mountain Expressway provides opportunities and possibilities for the formation of new tourist destination geospatial patterns, the grouping of cross-administrative region boundary, and the combination of 'fast-slow' combined transport network system.

A global comparison of bicycle sharing systems

Increasing urban populations have created pressures on the transportation networks that serve them. Bicycle sharing systems (BSS) have seen a dramatic increase in popularity as cities around the world begin to implement and see significant use and benefit from this growing mode of urban micro-mobility. As a result, the research surrounding bicycle sharing systems has also increased, although this has been primarily focused on the analysis of individual systems. There is therefore a need for a global comparison of systems, particularly given that prior research often omits China, which is currently the largest BSS market in the world. This paper therefore marks a major step forward through its analysis of data from 322 schemes situated on all major continents. Conducting such analysis, there appear to be 5 main types of BSS: very large, high use BSS, large BSS in major cities, medium BSS with extensive cycling infrastructure, small to medium efficient BSS and small to medium inefficient BSS. From these major cluster groups, we are able to group schemes by usage, contextual indicators and the behavioural characteristics of their users. This not only facilitates a global comparison of scheme performance, but also offers a basis to new schemes to identify established BSS with similar characteristics that can be used as a template for anticipating the likely demand from users.