Group P3 Research Articles

Preliminary X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from the Haloalkaliphilic Bacterium Halomonas chromatireducens

Crystals of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase from the extremophilic bacterium Halomonas Chromatireducens AGD 8-3, suitable for X-ray diffraction, were grown by the vapor-diffusion method. The X-ray diffraction data were collected from these crystals at the Belok beamline of the Kurchatov synchrotron radiation source (National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”) at 100 K to 1.80 Å resolution. The X-ray diffraction data were processed in the space groups P1, P2, P21, and P622. The structure was solved by the molecular replacement method taking into account the twinning in the space groups P21 and P1 with one and two hexamers of the enzyme per asymmetric unit, respectively.

Kidney and Ileum Histopathology of Rattus norvegicus Toxicity Model of Rhodamine B and Saccharin Supplemented with Purple Roselle Yoghurt

Background: Rhodamin B and saccharin are chemicals that are harmful to the health of the body. Consumption of rhodamine B and saccharin for a long time can cause problems for the body such as impaired organ function. Purpose: The aim was to find out the benefits of giving purple rosella yogurt in preventing damage to the kidneys and ileum of Rattus norvegicus caused by rhodamine B and saccharin. Methods: Using RAL with 28 male Rattus novergicus aged 8-12 weeks. Group K(-) was not given any treatment, K(+R) was given rhodamine B, K(+S) was given saccharin, K(+K) was given rhodamine B and saccharin, P1 was given rhodamine B and yoghurt, P2 was given saccharin and yoghurt, P3 was given rhodamine B, saccharin, and yogurt. The dose of rhodamine B was 22.5 mg/kg, the dose of saccharin was 157.7 mg/kg, the volume of yoghurt was 1 ml/head. Administered orally with gastric tube for 14 days. The concentration of purple rosella extract used was 15% (v/v). Results: Group K(+K) showed the heaviest damage. Groups P1, P2, and P3 still found damage to the kidneys, in P1 they experienced thickening of Bowman's capsule in the glomerulus, in P2 they experienced a loss of more than 25% of the brush border in the tubules, and in P3 they experienced glomerular tufts in the glomerulus. In the ileum, P1 experienced thickening of the muscles, P2 experienced clusters of inflammatory cells in the submucosa, and P3 experienced 10-50% loss of goblet cells. Conclusion: Provision of purple rosella yogurt can prevent damage to the kidneys and ileum of Rattus novergicus due to rhodamine B and saccharin, although it is not optimal.

The effect of long exposure to uvb rays on histological features of wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) in photoaging model

Introduction: Indonesia is a tropical country with exposure to UV rays from the sun throughout the year, so the Indonesian population is very vulnerable to skin aging, especially extrinsic skin aging due to prolonged exposure to UV rays. This study aimed to determine the effect of long exposure to UVB rays on the thickness of the epidermis, the thickness of the dermis, and the number of blood vessels and sunburn cells in (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain. Methods: This research was a post-test-only control group design using 27 rats which were divided into 3 groups, namely: control group K was untreated rats, and treatment groups P1 and P2 were rats exposed to UVB radiation for 3 weeks and 6 respectively exposure weeks. Test the effect on the study using the One-Way ANOVA test and Tukey’s Post Hoc Test. Results: The results indicated an increase in epidermal thickness of groups P1 (44.87 μm) and P2 (56.90 μm) (significant p<0.05). A decrease in dermis thickness occurred in groups P1 (726.91 μm) and P2 (559.40 μm) (significant p<0.05). In the photoaging area, there was an increased amount of sunburn cells in group P1 (6.40) and P2 (11.40) (significant p<0.05). There was a difference in the number of blood vessels between groups K and P2 and groups P1 and P2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was an effect of long exposure to UVB rays on histology in rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the photoaging model including the thickness of the epidermis layer and dermis layer, the number of blood vessels, and sunburn cells.

Упорядочение катионов в минералах сложного состава: P3-сергеванит — второй представитель группы эвдиалита с примитивной ячейкой

Sergevanite with idealized formula (Na12KH3O)[Ca3(Mn2Ca)](Na2Fe)Zr3Ti0.5Si25.5 O72OH2.(H2O)2 (Z = 3) — a low calcium eudialyte group mineral from Lovozero alkaline complex was investigated repeatedly using obtained earlier the X-ray diffraction data. Its crystal structure with 174 sites was refined in the frame of trigonal primitive cell to R = 4.7 % on the base of 5613 averaged independent reflections with F > 3(F). The unit-cell parameters were: a = 14. 2179(1), c = 30.3492(3) Å, V = 5313.1(1) Å3, space group P3. More detailed, close to real, cations distribution on sites was established. Studied sergevanite was the second mineral of eudialyte group with lowering symmetry from rhombohedral (R3) to trigonal (P3).

Effects of Platycladus orientalis Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Fur-Production, Serum Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Raccoon Dogs.

Platycladus orientalis leaves are rich in flavonoids and polysaccharides, which offer high medicinal and nutritional benefits. This study aimed to investigate the impact of P. orientalis leaf extract (PLE) on the growth performance, fur quality, serum parameters, and intestinal microbiota of raccoon dogs. Sixty healthy male black raccoon dogs, aged 85 (±5) days, were randomly assigned to four groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/kg PLE for 125 days (designated as groups P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively). The results revealed that the raccoon dogs in group P1 exhibited increased average daily gain and underfur length while showing a decreased feed/gain ratio compared to group P0 (p < 0.05). However, the heart index in group P2 was significantly lower than in group P0 (p < 0.05), and the kidney index and serum alanine aminotransferase activities in group P3 were higher than in groups P2 and P0 (p < 0.05), suggesting potential adverse effects at higher PLE dosages. Notably, dietary PLE supplementation led to a reduction in serum glucose concentrations (p < 0.05), which may have implications for glucose regulation. Furthermore, the study explored the impact of dietary supplementation with 0.25 g/kg PLE on the raccoon dogs' intestinal microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed significant alterations in the microbial community structure, with a notable decrease in the abundance of Prevotella copri in response to 0.25 g/kg PLE supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing raccoon dogs' diet with 0.25 g/kg PLE can lead to improved growth performance and a positive influence on the intestinal microbiota. However, caution should be exercised regarding higher dosages, as they may have adverse effects on certain parameters. As a result, PLE holds promise as a potential feed additive for fur animal production.

Cactus flour (Opuntia ficus-indica) reduces brain lipid peroxidation and anxious-like behavior in old Wistar rats

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of cactus flour on the anxious-like behavior and cerebral lipid peroxidation in elderly rats (18 months of life). The rats were divided into four groups (n=10). control (CG) – received the AIN-93M ration. P5%. P10% and P15%. treated with the AIN-93M ration with the addition of 5, 10 and 15% of cactus flour respectively. In the elevated plus maze (EPM) groups P5%, P10% and P15% remained longer in the open arms. P15% remained longer in this region and less time in the closed arms. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the time the rats remained in the center of the apparatus. P5%. P10% and P15% performed a greater number of head dips. Regarding the open field animals P5%. P10% and P15% performed a greater number of rearing and stayed for a longer time in the center of the apparatus with P15% being the group that remained for the longest time when compared to the other groups. There was no difference in locomotion and grooming. As for the light-dark box. P15% spent more time in the light part. less time in the dark part and performed a smaller number of transitions. P5%. P10% and P15% had the lowest concentrations of brain lipid peroxidation. Our data demonstrated that consumption of cactus flour by rats promoted anxiolytic effects and minimized brain lipid peroxidation in aging. Given the above, it can be deduced that cactus pear can contribute to the prevention and/or treatment of anxiety in the aging phase.Due to its concentrations of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, soluble fibers and antioxidant contents such as vitamin E and selenium.

Effect of ischemic injury characteristics on left ventricular systolic function in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Aim. To study laboratory and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of infarction area depending on left ventricular (LV) global systolic function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after revascularization.Material and methods. A total of 78 patients with primary AMI were included. On days 7-10, contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI was performed. Blood brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was analyzed. Cardiac MRI was used to determine the characteristics of scar tissue, peri-infarct zone (PIZ), microvascular obstruction (MVO), intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) and the global contrast index.Results. According to the MRI, patients were divided into following groups: group 1 — LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% (n=50), group 2 — LVEF 40-49% (n=21), group 3 — LVEF &lt;40% (n=7).The BNP in groups 1, 2, 3 was 106,8 (37,5; 248), 232,6 (170,1; 337,7) and 548,5±236,4 ng/ml, respectively (p1-3&lt;0,05). The scar tissue mass in groups 1, 2, 3 was 10,3 (2,4; 20,0), 34,7±21,3, 59,4±37,6 g, respectively (p1-2, 3&lt;0,01). PIZ differences were found only between patients with preserved and mildly reduced EF. MVO was diagnosed in 26% of patients with LVEF ≥50%, in 47,6% of patients with LVEF of 40-49% and 85,7% with LVEF &lt;40% (p1-3&lt;0,01). The detection rate of IMH prevailed in the 2nd group (33,3%) compared with the 1st group (12%) (p1-2&lt;0,05). The global contrast index was the lowest in the 1st group (14,7 (8,8; 27,9)%), intermediate in the 2nd group (33,3±12,6%), the highest in the 3th group (54,2±19,5%) (р1-2, 3; 2-3&lt;0,05).Conclusion. The following risk factors for a decrease in LV systolic function in patients with AMI after revascularization were identified: the size of scar tissue, PIZ, MVO and IMH characteristics, global contrast index, BNP level.

The Effects of Hepatogomax Enteral Formula on Systemic Inflammation, Caecum Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels, and Liver Histopathology in Thioacetamide-Induced Rats.

Liver damage characterized by fibrosis and necrosis can worsen the condition of liver disease. Liver disease is associated with impaired immune response and may affect short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) gut metabolites. Hepatogomax enteral formula was developed, which contains brain-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and middle-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which could repair liver tissue damage, improve the inflammatory status, and modulate SCFA in liver damage. The study aimed to determine the effect of hepatogomax on liver tissue repair, inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6), and SCFA levels in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced rats. The induction of TAA causes liver steatosis, increasing TNF-α and IL-6, and decreasing SCFA levels. Hepatogomax at a dose of 14.6 g/200 gBW significantly reduces TNF-α and IL-6 levels and increases SCFA levels (p < 0.05). The number of steatosis between groups P2 and P3 was lower as compared to a group of negative control [K2] (p < 0.05). Hepatogomax, in a dose-dependent manner, may repair liver tissue and improve inflammatory response and SCFA levels in TAA-induced rats.

Comparison of Diuretic and Electrolyte Excretory Activity between Compounds of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus) and Furosemide

Introduction: Hypertension takes place of being one of the most concerning health issues, leading to increasing rate of death due to its complications. Pharmacological therapy diuretic become one to intervene on hypertension’s pathological sequences through sodium and potassium regulation. Similar diuretic effect can be achieved through fruits and vegetables crop including Okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus). Objective: to investigate the diuretic variance of different part of Okra fruit’s (Abelmoschus esculentus). Methods: In total of 8 groups of male Rattus norvegicus rats are sorted into control and intervention groups. As control, the C- Group (negative control group) was given Na- CMC 0.5% suspension, and C+ Group (positive control group) was given furosemide. The experimental groups P1, P2, and P3 were given Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) whole fruit ethanolic extract; P4, P5, and P6 Group are were given Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seedless fruit ethanolic extract within range concentration of 75-300 mg/kg body weight. Urine volume is measured every hour for 6 hours and the 24th hour. Sodium and potassium measurements are executed towards 24-hour urine accumulation. Results: Single dose administration of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit significantly increase 5th hour urine volume as compared to furosemide (p &lt; 0.001). Whole fruit of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) compared to seedless fruit exhibit no significant increment of urine volume and electrolytes (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit produce similar diuretic effect to furosemide. However, seedless Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit exerts a higher kaliuretic effect compared to whole fruit and furosemide.

Characterisation and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with diabetes according to newly defined subgroups: a cohort study from the DPV registry

Personalised therapy has emerged as a possibly more efficient approach taking disease heterogeneity into account. The aim of this study was to determine whether recently described subgroups of childhood diabetes have prognostic association with diabetes-specific complications and, therefore, might be a basis for personalised therapies. We applied a previously developed subgroup classification to pediatric patients (diabetes onset <18 years) from the prospective Diabetes Patient Follow-up (DPV) registry with documented data between January 1, 2000 and March 31, 2022, from diabetes centers in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Luxembourg. The classification required information on islet autoantibody status, age, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and body-mass index (BMI-SDS) at disease manifestation, as well as follow up data after 2 and after 4 years, which was available in 22,719 patients. Patients without documented data on these parameters were excluded from the analysis. The cumulative risk of severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), retinopathy, and nephropathy were analysed by Kaplan-Meier analyses over a median follow-up of 6.8 years (IQR 4.8-9.6). Patients were classified into 10 subgroups (P1-P7 islet autoantibody-positive, n=19,811; N1-N3 islet autoantibody-negative, n=2908). The groups varied markedly with respect to specific acute and chronic complications. Severe hypoglycemia was a characteristic feature in young islet autoantibody-positive subgroups P1, P3, P4 (10-year risk 46, 46 and 47%) and the islet autoantibody-negative groups N1, N2 (43 and 46%). Nephropathy was identified in patient groups P2 and P5 (10-year risk 16%), which had features of moderate disease such as preserved C-peptide, low HbA1c, and very low frequency of DKA at diabetes onset. Group P7, which was defined by a high BMI, was associated with poor metabolic control, DKA, and retinopathy. In contrast, islet autoantibody-negative patients with high BMI (N3) had a low risk for all four complications. Subgrouping of childhood diabetes at diabetes onset provided prognostic value for the development of acute and chronic diabetes-specific complications. The DPV initiative is supported by The German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the German Center for Diabetes Research, the diabetes surveillance of the Robert Koch Institute, the German Diabetes Association (DDG) and INNODIA.

Thermal stability of the CuZrSe2

The CuZrSe2 compound was synthesized for the first time by intercalation of Cu into the ZrSe2 lattice at room temperature. Experimental study of the thermal stability of CuZrSe2 has been performed by in-situ temperature-dependent synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRPD). CuZrSe2 has a layered structure with space group P3‾m1. The copper atoms at room temperature in the interlayer space are octa- and tetrahedrally coordinated by selenium. Heating leads the decomposition of the main layered phase into binary copper chalcogenides and zirconium trichalcogenide as previously shown for CuxZrTe2. With the increase in temperature the octahedral sites in main layered phase become empty, copper atoms occupy the tetrahedral sites only. Thus, the high-temperature form of CuZrSe2 has a delafossite-like structure.

Effect of Topical Gel Ethanol Extract of Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban) on Wound Healing in a White Male Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Induced by Streptozotocin

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can have a number of consequences, one of which is diabetic neuropathy, which can cause sores, notably in patients' feet. Wound therapy with synthetic drugs in diabetes is still not functioning as well as expected. Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban has been demonstrated to promote wound healing through a variety of mechanisms, including collagen synthesis stimulation, fibroblast proliferation stimulation, antiulcer, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity. Pharmaceutical treatments for wound healing are routinely utilized upon the assumption that a moist wound is a gel. Aims: The purpose of this study was to see how a topical gel ethanol extract of gotu kola (Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban) promoted wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced white male rats (Rattus Norvegicus). Methods: This is an experimental study using twenty white male rats (Rattus Norvegicus) caused by STZ. The rats were placed into four groups, each with five rats. These four groups are the control group, the treatment group P1 (ethanol gel gotu kola leaf at 2.5% concentration), the treatment group P2 (ethanol gel gotu kola leaf at 5% concentration), and the treatment group P3 (ethanol gel gotu kola leaf at 10% concentration). STZ was used to promote blood sugar elevation in the rats. The wound healing rate was estimated by comparing the wound healing rates of each group using macroscopic observation. Result: The findings of this study revealed that extract gel gotu kola leaf concentration applied to the wound on days 4, 7, 11, and 14 has a statistically significant influence on wound healing (p=0.000). Conclusion: Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that gotu kola extract gel has a significant influence on the rats’ wound healing.

Zinc and α-tocopherol protect the antral follicles and endogenous antioxidants of female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) against lead toxicity

BackgroundLead impairs female reproductive health because it can induce oxidative stress. Zinc as an antioxidant produces an enzyme system that helps neutralize free radicals. α-Tocopherol has an antagonistic effect that reduces oxidative stress. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of zinc (Zn) and α-tocopherol on the ovarian endogenous antioxidants and antral follicles of albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to lead acetate (Pb(C2H3O2)2). MethodsTwenty-five female Wistar rats were divided into five groups, namely groups K (control), P0, P1, P2, and P3. Following exposure and treatment for 21 days with different combinations, the albino rats were necropsied, and their ovaries were removed for subsequent histopathological preparations and endogenous antioxidant analysis. Observations were made on the ovary, including an antral follicle count and diameter calculations. Analysis of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (560 nm wavelength) and malondialdehyde MDA-TBA (532 nm wavelength) were performed by a spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD) test with the SPSS V24 software. ResultsThe highest SOD enzyme expression in the albino rat ovaries was in P0 (17.23 ± 5.34), and the lowest was in P3 (4.21 ± 0.76). The lowest MDA level was observed in the control group (K) and P3 compared to the other groups. The highest average antral follicle count and diameter were found in the albino rats exposed to 1.5 mg/kg BW lead acetate, and treated with 0.54 mg/kg BW zinc sulfate and 100 mg/kg BW α-tocopherol (group P3) compared to the other groups. The mechanisms of action of zinc and α-tocopherol work synergistically to decrease free radicals and ovarian damage. ConclusionThe results showed that a combination of 0.54 mg/kg BW zinc (Zn) and 100 mg/kg BW α-tocopherol can maintain the number and diameter of the antral follicles and reduce ovarian SOD expression and MDA levels in albino rats exposed to lead acetate.

Estrogens receptors, nuclear coactivator 1 and ligand-dependent corepressor expression are altered early during induced ovarian follicular persistence in dairy cattle

Failure of ovulation can lead to follicular persistence, one of the main components of the pathogenesis of cystic ovarian disease (COD) in dairy cattle. Follicular persistence causes the permanence of a functional follicular structure in the ovary, which alters the cyclicity of the female and causes infertility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of estrogen receptors (ESR) 1 and 2, and the coregulatory proteins NCOA1, NRIP1 and LCOR by immunohistochemistry, in antral and preovulatory/persistent follicles in a model of follicular persistence induced by low levels of progesterone, to detect incipient changes during COD development, on the expected day of ovulation (P0) and after 5 (P5), 10 (P10) and 15 (P15) days of follicular persistence. Twenty-five Holstein cows were used, which were distributed in 5 groups: control group (n = 5), group P0 (n = 5), group P5 (n = 5), group P10 (n = 5), group P15 (n = 5). ESR1 expression was lower in antral follicles of the P5 (theca), P10 and P15 (theca and granulosa) groups relative to the control group (p < 0.05), and also lower in granulosa cells of persistent follicles of the P5, P10 and P15 groups than in dominant follicles of the control group (p < 0.05), without differences in theca cells. ESR2 expression showed no differences between groups. The ESR1:ESR2 balance favored ESR2 expression along the development of persistent follicles, as from 5 days of persistence (p < 0.05). NCOA1 expression was higher in granulosa cells of both antral and persistent follicles from the P0 group relative to the P5 and P10 groups, but showed no differences with the control and P15 groups (p < 0.05). Theca cells of antral and persistent follicles showed higher expression in the P0 and P15 groups in relation to the control, P5 and P10 groups (p < 0.05). No differences were detected for NRIP1 in antral, dominant and persistent follicles between groups. LCOR expression showed a decrease in granulosa cells of antral follicles from all persistence groups relative to the control group (p < 0.05). In theca cells, antral follicles of the P10 group showed lower LCOR expression than the control group (p < 0.05). LCOR expression was similar for dominant and persistent follicles. Considering that the ESR1:ESR2 balance favored ESR2 expression along the development of persistent follicles, as well as the decreased LCOR and NCOA1 expression, we may assume that, at the early stages of persistence, there is a negative regulation of ESR transcription. This coincides with the effects of estrogens through ESR on proliferation and apoptosis among other processes that favor follicular persistence. The results obtained provide relevant information in the knowledge of local events during the development of follicular persistence that could explain the failures in the reversion of the disease through hormonal treatments and the high recurrence rates reported for COD. In addition, it contributes to the study and identification of possible therapeutic targets, for the design of new treatments.

Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of Mn/Ni/Co 3D network structures based on 2, 5-bis(trifluoromethyl) terephthalic acid ligands

2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)terephthalic acid (H2L1) as the main ligand and 1,10′-phenanthroline (L2) as the co-ligand were reacted with manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O), nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4·6H2O) and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O) by solvothermal reaction to give the manganese complex [Mn2(L1) 2(L2)2]n (1), the nickel complex {[Ni3(L1)3(L2)2(H2O)4]·2DMF}n (2) and the cobalt complex {[Co2(L1)2(DMF)2]·H2O}n (3). The structures were characterized and their properties studied by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, ultraviolet spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis. The single-crystal structure analysis showed that the complexes 1–3 are infinitely extended three-dimensional network-like structures of space groups P1-, P1-, P21/n, respectively. The results of fluorescence analysis and thermogravimetric analysis showed that complexes 1–3 have good thermal stability and fluorescence properties, respectively. Complex 3 can also maintain good thermal stability at 230 °C, and the maximum fluorescence emission wavelength is 370 nm.

Administration of Arabica Coffee Bean (Coffea Arabica) Cream Extract from Wamena Papua Can Reduce MMP-1 And Increase Collagen in Wistar Male Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Exposed to Ultraviolet-B

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Arabica coffee bean extract cream (Coffea arabica) from Wamena in reducing MMP-1 levels and increasing collagen density in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UV-B light. Methods: This is a post-test only control group design experimental study using male rats as subjects. Each group was exposed to UV light and smeared with coffee bean cream extract from Wamena every day. Then the back skin tissue was taken and the amount of collagen was examined by Picro Sirius Red staining and MMP1 levels were examined by ELISA staining. Results: The mean MMP-1 levels in groups P1, P2, and P3 respectively 7.57 ± 0.70, 5.99 ± 0.60, and 4.57 ± 0.36. The average percentage of collagen in the P1, P2, and P3 groups was 72.23 ± 4.42, 77.80 ± 2.73, and 81.05 ± 2.77, respectively. The average MMP-1 level decreased with the increasing dose of Wamena arabica coffee bean extract cream. The mean percentage of collagen increased with increasing doses of Wamena arabica coffee bean extract cream in experimental animals. Conclusion: Administration of 3% and 6% Wamena Arabica coffee bean extract cream can inhibit the increase in MMP-1 levels and can increase the amount of collagen in male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UV-B light. Keywords: Arabica coffee bean, MMP-1, Collagen

Variable Temperature Crystal Structure of Cu4TiTe4

AbstractA variable temperature single crystal X‐ray diffraction study of the ternary compound, Cu4TiTe4 is reported between 200–400 K. The temperature dependent study indicates the compound undergoes an order‐disorder phase transition at ∼320 K. Below the transition temperature, the phase that crystallizes in the primitive cubic space group P 3 m with lattice parameter of a≈5.9 Å, transforms into the two‐fold superstructure. It is modeled as a fourfold twinned rhombohedral structure. The transition is reversible. To relate the phases, a group‐subgroup symmetry relations are established. Upon decreasing temperature, the atomic ordering is noticed in the occupationally disordered Cu‐sites of Cu4TiTe4. This characteristic structural rearrangement may have a significant impact on the electronic structure of Cu4TiTe4. Hence, the detailed structural characterization is supposed to be useful for further understanding of thermoelectric transport properties in the Cu4TiTe4.

THE EFFECT OF WHOLE SEED (Barringtonia racemosa) WATER EXTRACT ON ERYTHROCYTE, HEMOGLOBIN AND HEMATOCRITE COUNT OF WHITE RAT (Rattus norvegicus) EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE

This study aims to determine the effect of Barringtonia racemosa seed extract on the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, and the percentage of hematocrit in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. A total of 25 white rats Wistar strain, aged 3-4 months, male, weighing 180-200 g, were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, each group consisting of 5 rats. Positive control group (KP) without exposure to cigarette smoke and without administration of Barringtonia racemosa seed extract, negative control group (KN) exposed to cigarette smoke without administration of Barringtonia racemosa seed extract. Treatment groups P1, P2, P3 were exposed to cigarette smoke and given Barringtonia racemosa seeds with doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg BW/day, respectively. The extract was administered orally for 30 days. Blood collection in all groups was carried out via the orbital vein using a hematocrit pipette after the rats had been sedated with 0.2 mL of ketamine. Erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values were calculated using a hematology analyzer. Data were analyzed using one-way pattern analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that giving Barringtonia racemosa seeds at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day had a significant effect (P0.05) in increasing the values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit of white rats exposed to cigarette smoke compared to the control group which was not given the extract. In conclusion, the administration of Barringtonia racemosa seed extract can increase the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, and the percentage of hematocrit exposed to cigarette smoke.

#5768 ASSOCIATION OF HIGH SERUM PHOSPHORUS WITH INCREASED MORTALITY RISK IN PATIENTS ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: RESULTS FROM COLOMBIA

Abstract Background and Aims Elevated levels of serum phosphorus (PO4) in patients with kidney failure are associated with complications such as cardiovascular (CV) disease, bone disease and impaired wound healing, and increased mortality in hemodialysis patients. A recent PDOPPS study (Lopes et al NDT 2023) showed that high PO4 is associated with increased mortality also in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). We explored PO4 levels in a large cohort of patients undergoing chronic PD in Colombia to determine the association of PO4 levels with mortality. Method In an observational study of 8113 prevalent PD patients treated with APD (n = 2692) or CAPD (n = 5421), PO4 levels together with demographic and clinical data, including dialysate to plasma ratio of creatinine at 240 min (D/PCr240min at peritoneal equilibration test) and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. During follow-up for a median of 1.99 years, 3169 patients died, and 988 patients underwent kidney transplantation (KT). We divided patients into 5 groups (P1 to P5) according to their baseline PO4 levels (first available measurement) with the following cut-off values for groups: up to 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and over 6.5 mg/dL, respectively. The association of baseline PO4 levels with all-cause and CV mortality risk was analyzed with a competing-risk regression model and KT as a competing risk. Results Characteristics of patients classified into groups P1 (16%), P2 (33%), P3 (27%), P4 (13%), and P5 (9%) are presented in Table. P5-patients were in general younger, more often men, less often diabetic (DM), and had lower hemoglobin (Hb) and serum albumin compared to P1-patients. All-cause mortality risk (after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, albumin, Hb, D/PCr240min, residual renal function, DM, and hypertension) was increased in P4- and P5-patients compared with P2-patients, sub-hazard ratio (sHR) of 1.14 (95% Cl: 1.01-1.27) and sHR of 1.27 (95% Cl: 1.10-1.46), respectively. Higher PO4 levels were not associated with significantly increased CV mortality risk for P4-patients, sHR of 1.10 (95% Cl: 0.93-1.31), or for P5-patients, sHR = 1.14 (95% Cl: 0.93-1.39) compared to P2-patients. Conclusion Among 8113 PD patients in Colombia, 49% had baseline PO4 &amp;gt;4.5 mg/dL and 22% PO4 &amp;gt; 5.5 mg/dL. Baseline PO4 levels &amp;gt; 5.5 mg/dL (P4 and P5 groups) were associated with increased all-cause mortality. These results are in agreement with the results of the PDOPPS study and suggest that effective management of hyperphosphatemia is important to improve clinical outcomes in PD patients.

Eugenia polyantha leaf extract as an antidiabetic alternative medicine on Rattus norvegicus

The public does not yet know the potential of Eugenia polyantha as an alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus. In fact, the content of chemical compounds such as flavonoids in Eugenia polyantha can minimize damage to the pancreas. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of Eugenia polyantha leaf against streptozotocin-induced Wistar rats. The sample for this study were male white rats of the Wistar strain, consisting of 30 rats. It was divided into 6 test groups, group P1 was negative control (aqua dest), group P2 was positive control (glibenclamide), and group P3, P4, and P5 was treated with 70% ethanol extract of Eugenia polyantha leaf with doses of 312.5, 625 and 1250 mg/kg respectively. The blood glucose level on the 11th day was tested by ANOVA which is then tested by Duncan. The results showed Eugenia polyantha leaf extract has an effect on reducing blood glucose in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with doses 312.5, 625, and 1250 mg/kg body weight. The most effective dose of 70% ethanol extract of Eugenia polyantha leaf for reducing blood glucose is 1250 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be tested in more depth so that it can be recommended to the public as an alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus in humans.