Group P3 Research Articles

Computational approach for determining the zero-field splitting terms and magnetic coupling strength of in a trigonal Mn3III complex

This study reports on the synthesis, X-ray structure, magnetic properties, and computational studies of the complex [Mn3O(mhaep)3(MeOH)3](ClO4) (1), where the ligand H2mhaep is a 2-N,N-[methyl(2-hydroxymethyl)aminoethyl]phenol moiety. Compound 1 crystallizes in the trigonal space group P3-. The most significant structural characteristic is that the Jahn-Teller axes of the MnIII ions tilt to an angle of 47.6°. Calculations using the ORCA program, combined with irreducible representation methods indicate that, the leading terms of the molecular zero-field splitting (zfs), D and E terms, are largely quenched. The conclusion was confirmed by reduced magnetization measurements, which indicate that the magnitude of the D term is very limited. All of the magnetic data and the computational calculations point to a conclusion that compound 1 is ferromagnetically coupled with a total molecular spin of S = 6.

English

BACKGROUND Central Venous Cannulation is a very important technique needed intra operatively and in critical care setting. Most commonly accessed is the right internal jugular vein due to lesser incidence of complications and easy accessibility. Ultrasound guidance improves the successful insertion rate than blind technique. Increasing the cross-sectional area (CSA) of IJV improves the success rate and decreases complications. Several manoeuvres such as Trendelenburg’s position, Valsalva’s manoeuvre, hepatic compression and positive end-expiratory pressure have been used to increase the diameter of the IJV. Application of PEEP of 10–12 cm H2O in supine position has been found to increase the CSA of right IJV in various studies. The aim of the study is to determine the optimal PEEP which increases size of IJV without complications. METHODS This is an observational study conducted in the Government Medical College, Thrissur. The groups were chosen from instances where three different levels of PEEP were used. A total of 90 ASA PS 1 & 2 patients who received general anaesthesia for elective surgeries where assigned to three groups - P0, P5 and P10 with different values of PEEP- 0, 5, and 10 cm of H2O respectively. Patients with obesity, raised intracranial pressure, previous neck surgery were excluded from the study. After application of PEEP for 2 minutes, the diameter of Right Internal Jugular was sonologically measured. The increase in cross sectional area of IJV in each group was analysed. Application of PEEP affects heart rate and mean arterial pressure in patients. So, the heart rate and mean arterial pressure readings were taken at the time of measurement of IJV. These were also analysed statistically. RESULTS The three groups P0, P5 and P10 were comparable in demographic parameters like age and weight. Cross-sectional area of three groups was compared. The mean CSA in P0 was 1.3345, P5 was 1.399 and P10 was 1.443 cm2. (p .001). There was a statistically significant increase in cross-sectional area of IJV when PEEP was applied. Increase in CSA was significantly higher with higher PEEP (p .001). CONCLUSIONS The application of PEEP of 5 to 10 cm of H2O is a safe method to increase the area of IJV for successful cannulation. This value of PEEP did not cause clinically significant haemodynamic effects. KEYWORDS PEEP, Cross-Sectional Area of IJV, Sonoanatomy, IJV Cannulation

Preoperative status and in-hospital complications of coronary artery surgery in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Aim To assess the preoperative status and the rate of in-hospital complications of coronary artery surgery (CABG) in patients with pre-diabetes compared to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and normoglycemia. Materials and methods 708 consecutive patients who underwent CABG between 2011 to 2012 were included in the study. All patients without positive history of diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The lab findings were interpreted in accordance with the recommended diagnostic criteria for diabetes and other glycemic disorders. Results DM screening before coronary artery bypass grafting allowed to diagnose type 2 diabetes in 8.9% (n=63) and prediabetes in 10.4% (n=74) of the study population. The preoperative screening increased the number of patients with DM from 15.2% (n=108) to 24.1% (n=171), and with prediabetes from 3.0% (n=21) to 13.4% (n=95). The total number of patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders increased from 18.2% (n=129) to 37.5% (n=266). All patients were enrolled into 3 groups based on their glycemic status: Group 1 - without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (n=442), Group 2 - pre-diabetes (n=95), Group 3 - type 2 DM (n=171). The analysis of in-hospital complications reported that patients with pre-diabetes more often underwent urgent peripheral artery bypass compared to the other two groups (p1–2=0.002 vs. p1–3=0.023). The highest rate of wound complications was found in patients with pre-diabetes (p1–2=0.012). In addition, a clear trend towards the rate of other in-hospital complications of CABG in the groups with pre-diabetes and diabetes was found. The regression analysis shows that type 2 DM was associated with the total number of significant complications (odds ratio (OR) 1.731, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.131–2.626, p=0.012), prolonged in-hospital stay (OR 2.2229, 95% CI 1.412- 3.519, p<0.001), the risk of urgent peripheral artery bypass (OR 1.638, 95% CI 1.009–15.213, p=0.020), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (OR 2.911, 95% CI 1.072–7.901, p=0.039) and the need for hemostasis correction using the extracorporeal methods (OR 3.472, 95% CI 1.042–11.556, p=0.044). All the associations described above remained significant when pre-diabetes was introduced into the regression model and any carbohydrate metabolism disorder was considered as a potential predictor of in-hospital complications. Additionally, an association between pre-diabetes and diabetes and the risk of acute renal damage (OR 1.700, 95% CI 1.067–2.612, p=0.024) and wound complications (OR 1.547, 95% CI 1.073–2.231, p=0.019) was observed. Conclusion Pre-diabetes affects the in-hospital outcomes after CABG as well as diabetes mellitus. Our findings emphasizes the relevance of active preoperative detection of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

The role of ozonated Aloe vera oil in full-thickness skin defects: Macrophage count and epithelization length parameter

Background: Aloe vera has been reported to enhance keratinocyte proliferation and migration, and thereby accelerate wound healing. Ozone therapy is an alternative medicine with disinfecting properties and strong oxidative stress induction capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera oil provided with different dosages of ozone in accelerating the healing rate comparing two-phases; inflammation (day 3) and proliferation (day 7) of full-thickness defect wounds in Sprague Dawley rats as an adjuvant treatment based on macrophage count and new epithelialization length. Methods: We conducted a study using a post-test only control group design, where a total of 50 Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into ten groups. Two control groups were administered Aloe vera oil (P1, P6), while gentamicin ointment was used in the other control group (P2, P7). Ozonated Aloe vera oil dose was used: 600 mg/ml (P3,P8), 1200 mg/ml (P4,P9), and 1800 mg/ml (P5,P10). Groups P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 were terminated on the 3rd day, while P6, P7, P8, P9, P10 were evaluated on the 7th day. Macrophage counts were assessed using a 100x magnification microscope, through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and paraffin block with Masson trichrome staining was used to measure the new epithelialization length. Results: There were significant differences in the macrophage count on day three between the group-administered gentamicin (P2) and 1800 mg/ml ozonated Aloe vera oil (P5) (79.96;131.96, p<0,05). The new epithelialization length significantly increased in the group provided with wound treatment up to day 7, using 1800 mg/ml ozonated Aloe vera oil (P10), compared to non-ozonated Aloe vera (P6) and the gentamicin therapy (P7) (1160.88 µm; 1367.64; 2451.40 μm, p<0,05). Conclusions: The application of ozonated Aloe vera oil to full-thickness skin defects in Sprague Dawley rats resulted in a higher macrophage count and longer new epithelialization length than in controls.

Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Bark Oil on Pancreatic Histopathology of white Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced with Streptozotocin

The purpose of this research was to understand the effect of the cinnamomum (Cinnamomum burmannii)bark oil (CBO) on the pancreatic histopathology white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with diabetes mellitus. Thevariables taken were the diameter and the number of Langerhans Island in the pancreatic of white male ratswhich had been induced by streptozotocin (STZ). This research using diabetic rat induced by streptozotocinintraperitoneally with single dose of 45 mg/kg BW. Samples consist of fifty rats were divided into fivegroups, negative control group (K-) was not induced by streptozotocin, which treatment by giving CMCNa 1%, positive control group (K+) was induced by streptozotocin without CBO, group P1 was induced bystreptozotocin and gave CBO 100 mg/kgBW, group P2 was induced by streptozotocin and gave CBO 200mg/kgBW, group P3 was induced by streptozotocin and gave CBO 400 mg/kgBW daily for 14 days period.The results showed that cinnamomum bark oil (CBO) with dose 200 mg/kgBW (P2) was significantly higher(p<0,05) than group P1, group P3 and positive control group (K+). It can be concluded that CBO can be usedto improve pancreatic function of STZ induced in diabetic rats

A braid-like presentation of the integral Steinberg group of type C2

We show that the Steinberg group St(C2,Z) associated with the Lie type C2 and with integer coefficients can be realized as a quotient of the braid group B6 by one relation. As an application we give a new braid-like presentation of the symplectic modular group Sp4(Z).

Comparing two different doses of propofol after sevoflurane induction for intubation in paediatric patients without use of neuromuscular blocking agents

In the practice of paediatric anaesthesia, intubation of trachea without using neuromuscular blocking agents is becoming commoner more so in conditions in which muscle relaxants are not preferred. Different combinations of drugs including opioids, intravenous agents and inhalational agents are being used for facilitating endotracheal intubation when muscle relaxants are not used. In this study we compared intubating conditions in paediatric patients after sevoflurane induction and propofol in two different doses.80 children of 2 to 12 years age undergoing elective surgeries were divided into two groups P2 and P3 of 40 each. After sevoflurane induction and fentanyl 2mcg/kg I.V. group P2 received propofol 2mg/kg and group P3 received propofol 3mg/kg I.V. The two groups were compared with respect to intubating conditions and haemodynamic parameters.Clinically acceptable intubating conditions were seen in all patients in both groups. Excellent intubating conditions were more in group P3 (87.5%) than group P2 (80%). Haemodynamic parameters showed no significant difference between the two groups.In paediatric patients, endotracheal intubation can be comfortably performed without muscle relaxantsby using propofol and fentanyl with sevoflurane induction with no respiratory or haemodynamic adverse events. Propofol in a dose of 3mg/kg gives better intubating conditions than 2mg/kg without adverse haemodynamic effects, although 2mg/kg propofol also gives acceptable intubating conditions.

Co-existence of a Cr3+ phase (CaAl2Cr2O7) with hydraulic calcium aluminates at high temperature in the Al2O3–CaO–Cr2O3 system

Obtaining a stable Cr3+ phase at higher temperatures in the presence of hydraulic calcium aluminates (the phases found in calcium aluminate cement, CAC) in the Al2O3–CaO–Cr2O3 system remains a significant challenge in many application areas, as the formation of toxic, carcinogenic, and water-soluble Cr6+ compounds often occur. To address the issue, recently, we synthesized a high-temperature stable Cr3+ ternary compound (CaAl2Cr2O7) with space group P3 (143). In the present work, we investigated the formation-stability of CaAl2Cr2O7 with in-situ calcium aluminate phases at 1500 °C under the CO2 atmosphere in the Al2O3–CaO–Cr2O3 system through solid-oxide reactions route varying Cr2O3 content (at constant Al2O3:CaO ratio). It co-existed with hydraulic calcium aluminates and other phases over the full investigated composition range of 2.76–68.3 mol% Cr2O3 (5–80 wt%). Apart from CAC phases (CaAl2O4, CaAl4O7), major Cr3+-phases are CaAl2Cr2O7 and (Al,Cr)2O3 while (α,β)-CaCr2O4 and Ca(Al,Cr)12O19 formed as minor phases. At a constant Al2O3:CaO ratio of 5.6:4.4 mol% (7:3 wt%), the formation of the CaAl2Cr2O7 phase increases with Cr2O3 content (up to the investigated composition of 26.43 mol%) and then decreases gradually. The solid solubility of Al and Cr in the CaAl2Cr2O7 phase limited over a narrow range, and presumably dependent more on heat treatment condition rather than composition as reflected from the lattice parameter calculations. Though XRD revealed the presence of only Cr3+-phases in the partial CO2 atmosphere, however, traces of Cr6+ could be detected using XPS and leaching tests. However, leachable Cr6+ content (0.095–1.252 mg/L) were much below the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) permissible limit of 5 mg/L. The formation mechanism of the CaAl2Cr2O7 and other phases with plausible reactions were also discussed.

Crystal structure of the synthetic analogue of iwateite, Na2BaMn(PO4)2: an X-ray powder diffraction and Raman study

Abstract We have investigated the crystal structure of the synthetic analogue of the mineral iwateite using powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Na2BaMn(PO4)2 crystallizes in the space group P 3 ‾ $‾{3}$ m1 (No. 164) with cell parameters a = 5.37292(1) Å, and c = 7.09538(1) Å (R wp = 5.7%, V = 177.38 Å3, Z = 1). The space group assignment is supported by the experimentally observed 11 Raman active modes which agree with the expected number of modes for the P 3 ‾ $‾{3}$ m1 symmetry.

On some decompositions of the 3-strand singular braid group

Let SBn be the singular braid group generated by braid generators σi and singular braid generators τi, 1≤i≤n−1. Let STn denote the group that is the kernel of the homomorphism that maps, for each i, σi to the cyclic permutation (i,i+1) and τi to 1. In this paper we investigate the group ST3. We obtain a presentation for ST3. We prove that ST3 is isomorphic to the singular pure braid group SP3 on 3 strands. We also prove that the group ST3 is semi-direct product of a subgroup H and an infinite cyclic group, where the subgroup H is an HNN-extension of Z2⁎Z2.

The effect of two phosphodiesterase inhibitors on bone healing in mandibular fractures (animal study in rats).

ObjectivesDespite advances in maxillofacial surgery, impaired bone healing remains a concern for surgical teams. Many studies have evaluated the effects of sildenafil and pentoxifylline on bone healing. However, their effects on healing of bone fractures have not been well investigated. This study aimed to assess the effects of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors sildenafil and pentoxifylline on healing of mandibular fractures in rats.Materials and MethodsA total of 60 rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10. Mandibular fracture was induced in all rats. After the surgical procedure, group C1 received saline, group S1 received 10 mg/kg sildenafil and group P1 received 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline. The rats were sacrificed after 1 week. Groups C4, S4, and P4 received pharmaceutical therapy as in groups C1, S1, and P1 but were sacrificed after 4 weeks. The samples then underwent histological analysis.ResultsThe mean rate of bone healing of mandibular fractures in groups S1 and P1 was significantly higher than in group C1 at 1 week (P<0.001). The mean rate of bone healing of mandibular fractures in group P1 was higher than in group S1 at 1 week (P=0.04). The mean rate of bone healing of mandibular fractures in groups S4 (P=0.001) and P4 (P=0.004) was significantly higher than in group C4 at 4 weeks, but no significant difference was noted in the rate of healing between groups P4 and S4 (P=0.53).ConclusionSildenafil and pentoxifylline can be used as adjuncts to enhance bone healing in rats.

Tilkerodeite, Pd2HgSe3, a New Platinum-Group Mineral from Tilkerode, Harz Mountains, Germany

Tilkerodeite, ideally Pd2HgSe3, is a new platinum-group selenide from the Eskaborner Stollen (Adit Eskaborn) at Tilkerode, Harz Mountains, Germany. Tilkerodeite crystals occur as euhedral inclusions in tiemannite or as extremely fine-grained lamellar aggregates (grain-size up to 3 μm) in a dolomite–ankerite matrix, together with clausthalite, tiemannite, jacutingaite, stibiopalladinite, and native gold. Neighbouring Se-bearing minerals include tischendorfite and chrisstanleyite. Tilkerodeite is opaque with a metallic luster, and is flexible in blade-like crystals, with perfect basal cleavage {001}. In plane-polarized light, tilkerodeite is brownish-grey. It is weakly bireflectant, and weakly pleochroic in shades of light-brown and grey. The anisotropy is weak, with rotation tints in weak shades of greenish-brown and grey-brown. The range of reflectance is estimated in comparison to clausthalite with 45–50%. Electron-microprobe analyses yield the mean composition (wt. %) Se 32.68, Hg 26.33, Pt 20.62, Pd 15.89, Pb 2.72, Cu 0.66, S 0.27, total 99.17 wt. %. The empirical formula (based on six atoms pfu) is (Pd1.08Pt0.76Pb0.09Cu0.07)Σ2.00Hg0.95(Se2.98S0.07)Σ3.05. The ideal formula is Pd2HgSe3. Tilkerodeite is trigonal, with Pt4Tl2Te6-type structure, space group P3–m1, a = 7.325(9) Å, c = 5.288(6) Å, V = 245.7(9) Å3, and Z = 2. It is the Pd-analogue of jacutingaite. Tilkerodeite formed hydrothermally, possibly involving the alteration of tiemannite by low-temperature oxidizing fluids. The new species has been approved by the IMA-CNMNC (2019-111) and is named after the locality. Tilkerode is the most important selenide-bearing occurrence in Germany and type locality of naumannite, eskebornite, and tischendorfite.

Radical subgroups and the inductive blockwise Alperin weight conditions for $\mathrm{PSp}_4(q)$

We determine explicitly the 2-radical subgroups and their normalizers for the group Sp4(q), where q is odd. We then show that the corresponding simple group PSp4(q) satisfies the inductive blockwise Alperin weight conditions for the prime 2 and odd primes dividing q2−1. When combined with existing literature, this completes the verification that PSp4(q) satisfies the conditions for all primes and all choices of q.

Redesign and Improvement of Pottery Spinner to Increase Worker Producivity

Many small industries produce handicrafts related to art in Bali, one of which is pottery. Pottery is an object made of clay which is formed and then burned to be a unique shape such as: jugs, glassware, cauldron, brazier, piggy bank, and other objects. The process of producing pottery required the complex steps, from preparing clay, printing by turning, drying and burning. The main difficulty of pottery producers is in the process of forming shapes which involved the rotating spinner. Most of small industries still use the manual spin control to rotate clay bucket holder. This research aims to re-design of a rotating spin machine from the existing pottery industries to increase the productivity. The sample was overtaken from 12 craftsmen in Singakerta Village, District of Ubud Gianyar, Bali. Sample P0 was given to craftsmen is still used the old design and P1 was given to sample modified and re-designed the old machine with added automatic control of rotating spinner. Workload is calculated based on the worker's pulse rate which is measured using a pulse meter. Research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. T-test method was performed to analyzing the differences range between groups P0 and P1 at significance level of 5%. The results showed a workload was decreased from heavy to moderate by 12.09%. Production rate was increased by 282.1%, and productivity increased by 334.6%

Effect of Purple Leaf Extract (Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff) on the Number of Macrophage Cells in Pulp Perforation

Background: Purple leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) is one of Indonesia’s traditional medicinal plants, which has anti-inflammatory properties which is expected to stop the inflammation of the pulp accompanied by perforation. Purpose: To determine the effect of giving purple leaves (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) to the number of macrophage cells in pulp perforation. Method: The study used 24 Wistar rats divided into four groups, namely control (K), and 3 treatment groups P1, P2, P3. Each group consisted of 6 rats prepared, then P1 was given 10% purple leaf extract, P2 was given 15% purple leaf extract, P3 was given 20% purple leaf extract. On the 3rd day, the Wistar rat was sacrificed and continued with the preparation of HPA. Calculation of the number of macrophages was obtained from the One-way ANOVA test. Results: There were significant differences between the control and treatment groups (K with P1, P2, P3), on the results of the One-way ANOVA difference-result test (p &lt;0.05) Conclusion: Purple leaf extract (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) affected increasing the number of macrophage cells in pulp perforation after the 3rd day of treatment.

Snakehead fish extract as an enhancer of vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide levels in cerebral angiogenesis: an insight of stroke therapy.

Aim To assess the effect of snakehead fish extract administration in angiogenesis focusing on the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO) and VEGF receptor 2(R2) expression is ischemic stroke models. Methods An experimental study was conducted on 5 groups of ischemic stroke rats models: Group K- without carotid artery ligation, Group K+ with artery ligation, Group P1 with artery ligation and administration of 200 mg/day extract, Group P2 with artery ligation and 400 mg/day extract, and Group P3 with artery ligation and 800 mg/day extract. The VEGF expression and NO levels were assessed on day 3. Results Snakehead fish extract significantly increased VEGF levels along with increasing doses, in which the highest VEGF level was observed in P3 group (361.7±40.2; p<0.001). The NO level also increased along with an increasing dose of snakehead fish extract, in which the highest NO level was found in P3 group(59.43±0.88 μmol/gr; p<0.001). The VEGFR2 expression also increased significantly after snakehead extract administration along with increasing doses (p<0.001) in which administration of 800mg extract yielded the highest VEGFR2 expression compared with lower doses (17.7 vs. 15.6; p<0.001) Conclusion Snakehead fish extract administration increased angiogenesis process marked by an increased level of VEGF, NO and VEGFR2 expression in ischemic stroke rat models.

Potensi ekstrak Solanum betaceum terhadap peningkatan sel spermatogenik pada mencit (Mus musculus) yang dipapar timbal asetat

Background : Flavanoids are antioxidants that can prevent the negative effects caused by lead. The flavonoids contained in the Solanum betaceum extract have the potential to prevent the adverse effects of lead on the reproductive tract of rats because it can prevent oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of Solanum betaceum extract on spermatogenic cells of mice exposed to lead acetate. The hypothesis in this study is that there is an effect of the administration of Solanum betaceum extract to an increase in the number of spermatogenic cells of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to lead&#x0D; Method : this type of research was a true experimental laboratory (true experimental), the research design uses a randomized posttest only control group design approach. The total sample of 40 heads was divided into 5 groups. Group K-: control group without the provision of lead acetate and Solanum betaceum extract, group K +: group with 75 mg / KgBB of lead acetate for 32 days, group P1: group of treatment with 75 mg / KgBB of lead acetate extract + Solanum betaceum extract for 31 days + group 100 mg / gBB for 35 days, group P2: treatment group with 75 mg / kg lead acetate for 31 days + Solanum betaceum extract 200 mg / KgBB for 35 days, and group P3: treatment group with 75 mg lead acetate KgBB for 31 days + Solanum betaceum extract 400 mg / gBB for 35 days..&#x0D; Results : The mean ± standard deviation of the highest cell spermatogenic was highest 2107.88±78.70.Conclusion : The administration of Solanum betaceum extract can increase the thickness of the seminiferous tubules epithelium and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules in rats (Mus musculus) which are exposed to lead acetat.

6. In Vitro Insecticidal Activities of Ethanol Extract of Neem Leaves Against Heterodoxus Spiniger Lice In Dogs

Heterodoxus spiniger is a chewing lice that have been reported to infest dogs and cats. This ectoparasite is haematophagous and as an intermediate host in transmission of cysticercoids and egg of nematode worms. This study aims to determine the in vitro insecticidal activity of ethanol extract of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) against H. spiniger. A total of 250 H. spiniger were divided into five groups with five replications, namely: P0 as a negative control group given placebo, P1 as a positive control group given deltamethrin 0.5EC 0.05%, and groups P2, P3 and P4 were given ethanol extract of neem leaves with concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10%. In each test, 10 lice samples were put into a petridish with a cotton swab that had been sprayed with the solution of each treatment, then the lice were treated again with fine spray evenly. The results showed that the in vitro ethanol extract of neem leaves had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the mortality of H. spiniger. The best results are shown at 5% concentration which is capable of killing 100% of lice in 30 minutes. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of neem leaf has insecticidal activity against H. spiniger.

POTENSI KANDUNGAN ANTIOKSIDAN RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum Petersianum Klotzsch) TERHADAP APOPTOSIS DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS TESTIS PADA MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS) YANG DIPAPAR 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most toxic compound in the dioxin group. This compound is a pollutant for the environment and very harmful to human health and enter the body through the mucous membranes in the mouth and the respiratory tract and can be transmitted through the placenta and lactation. The aim of this study was to know the antioxidantpotency of to resolve reproduction disturbance caused by TCDD exposure.Thirty Balb/C male mice were divided into five different groups, the negative control group, a positive control group exposed to TCDD at a dose of 7 μg/kg BW, P1 group of groups exposed to TCDD doses of 7 μg / kg BW and given Biophytum petersianum extract 0.05mg/gBB/day, group P2 group exposed to TCDD doses of 7μg/kgBW and given 0.080mg/gBB/day, and group P3 were exposed to TCDD dose of 7μg/kgBB and given the extract of Biophytum petersianum 0.135mg/gBB/day during day 2 to day 55. On the 56th day the mice were sacrificed and apoptotic examination and spermatogenic cell histopathological features were performed on the testis. The results showed that: P2 (0,433 ± 0,497; p&lt;0,05) and P3 (0,200 ± 0,000 p&lt;0,05) groups were the most effective group in decreasing spermatogenic cell apoptosis compared to positive control group (2,933 ± 1,5832 p&lt;0,05). The Johnsen score result showed that P2 (9,400 ± 0,420) and P3 (9,800 ± 0,253) groups improving the histopathologic picture of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubules compared to positive control group (7,20 ± 0,400) p&lt;0,05. Conclusion of this study were Biophytum petersianum is effective to solve reproduction disturbances caused by exposure of TCDD and the P3 group is the most effective group.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF RAT (Rattus norvegicus) DUE TO ADMINISTRATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SOURSOP FLOWERS (Annona muricata L.) AND Salmonella enteritidis INFECTION

This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of soursop flower extract (Annona muricata L.) and hematological profile of rats (Rattus norvegicus) due to administration of soursop flower ethanol extract and Salmonella enteritidis infection. The concentrations of soursop flower ethanol extract used for the antibacterial activity test were 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, with the antibiotic ampicillin 10 μg/disk was used s a positive control (PC) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 10% as a negative control (NC). For examination of hematological features, 15 male rat aged two months were used. All rats were divided into 5 treatment groups, each consisting of three rats. The NC group was not given soursop flower ethanol extract and S. enteritidis infection. The PC group was not given soursop flower extract but was given S. enteritidis infection. Groups P1, P2, and P3 were given ethanol extracts of soursop flower at a dose of 0.18, 0.36, and 0.72 g/rat/day peroral for a week using gastric sonde. On the following day (after administration of soursop flower extract) the first blood drawing was performed. All rats, except NC group, were then infected with S. enteritidis intraperitonially at dose of 3x108 CFU/mL dose (0.5 mL McFarland). One week after being infected with S. enteritidis, a second blood drawing was performed. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that there was no antibacterial activity was observed since no inhibition at various concentrations was formed. The administration of soursop flower extract at various dosage levels was able to maintain the number of leukocytes but reduced the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and the number of platelets in rats; whereas S. enteritidis infection decreased all the hematologic features of lab rats.