Group P2 Research Articles

POTENSI MADU PADA PENINGKATAN JUMLAH SEL SPERMATOGENIK TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus) YANG KEKURANGAN NUTRISI

This study aimed to determine honey's potential in increasing the number of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid) of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with nutritional deficiencies. Twenty four male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into four groups. Negative control (K-) mice was not fasted nor given honey. Positive control (K+) mice was fasted for 5 days without the administration of honey. The treatment group rats were fasted for 5 days followed by administration of honey 30% (P1) and 50% (P2) in drinking water for 10 days. On the 76th day all rats were sacrificed and their testes were collected for histological slides using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The results showed that fasting treatment for five days (group K +) caused a decrease (p <0.05) in the number of spermatogonia cells, spermatocytes and spermatids compared to those of the normal mice (group K–). Administration of 50% honey (group P2) for 10 days caused an increase (p <0.05) in the number of spermatogonia cells, spermatocytes and spermatids compared to the K + group mice. In P2 group, the number of spermatogonia cells was lower (p <0.05), while the number of spermatocytes and spermatids was not significantly different than in the K– group mice. It could be concluded that the administration of honey was able to regenerate the testicular tissue of rats with nutritional deficiency by increasing the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules.

ANTIEMETIC ACTIVITIES OF INDONESIAN STINGLESS BEE PROPOLIS ON EMETIC INDUCED BY ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS

Objective: This study aims to determine the antiemetic potential of stingless bee propolis in reducing the prevalence of nausea due to consumption of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) in Tuberculosis patients and to identify phytochemical compounds that act as an antiemetic in propolis.
 Methods: The stingless bee propolis used was Wallacetrigona incisa from South Sulawesi. The clinical testing used the randomized controlled trial, randomization using permuted block randomization consisting of one positive control group and two treatment groups. The active components analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) pyrolyzer.
 Results: This study found that the measurement at week 0 obtained the mean value of nausea per week for each group P0 (Placebo), P1 (Propolis 6%), and P2 (Propolis 30%) were respectively 2.14; 1.5 and 5.2 events/week, at week 8 the prevalence of nausea by 2.0; 1.0; and 1.6 events/week, and week 24 the prevalence of nausea by 3.0; 0; and 0 events/week. There are 11 compounds with concentrations above 1% that act as antiemetic compounds either through direct and indirect mechanism with a total concentration reaches 75,47%.
 Conclusion: Based on all determinant parameters, propolis of Wallacetrigona incisa species from South Sulawesi has antiemetic activity and can reduce the prevalence of emetic induced by ATD consumption in pulmonary TB patients.

Pengaruh Pemberian Minuman Energi Terhadap Kadar Serum Kreatinin Rattus Norvegicus

The energy drink is a beverage that is increasingly being used by the community with the aim to improve work performance, vitality, and concentration. The energy drink is also suspected to affect kidney function. This study aims to determine whether there is influence of various brands of energy drinks (M1, M2, M3, M4) of the serum creatinine levels in male rats Rattus norvegicus.This is a study with randomized post test only control group design. The study used male rats Rattus norvegicus as many as 25 animals that were divided into 5 groups. The control group, the group P1 = M1 energy drinks, group P2 = M2 energy drinks, group P3 = M3 energy drinks, group P4 = M4 energy drinks. The energy drinks were given as many as 2.5 ml / 200 g weight / day for 1 month. Cardiac blood sampling performed to measure the levels of serum creatinine and then the results were analyzed using One-Way Anova to compare the levels of serum creatinine in each group of this study. Results of One-Way Anova test obtained by sig α = 0.000 which means there is significant difference between the treatment group and the control group. It can be concluded that the administration of energy drinks to the Rattus norvegicus would be altered the kidney function. It is caused by various substances contained in energy drinks such as taurine, sugar, vitamin B, caffeine, and other supplementary materials.

Synthesis and characterization of temperature stable low-loss (1−x)Mg(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O3–(x)BaTiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) ceramics for microwave applications

In the present work, we prepared (1−x)Mg(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O3–(x)BaTiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) solid-solutions via traditional solid-state reaction process and investigated their structural, optical, electrical, dielectric, and shielding properties. We report that these (1−x)Mg(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O3–(x)BaTiO3 compounds experienced structural phase transitions, wherein the tetragonal-structured BaTiO3 (space group P4mm) got transformed to monoclinic-structured Ba4Ti11O26 (space group C12/m1), and triclinic-structured Ba2Ti9O20 (space group P1). Interestingly, the Mg(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O3 showed no structural phase transition and was crystallized in its purest form without secondary phase formation. Additionally, the prepared compositions showed ten Raman active modes, and the relative density of all the samples exceeded 93.5%. The optical bandgap (Egap) values and DC conductivities of the samples were in the range of 3.82 eV–3.92 eV and 9.03 × 10−10 Sm−1–2.55 × 10−9 Sm−1, respectively. The composition 0.925 Mg(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O3–0.075BaTiO3 exhibited the best dielectric properties having relative permittivity (ɛr) of 19.69, loss tangent (tan δ) of 5.1 × 10−3, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of -8.5 ppm/°C at 1 MHz. In the Ku-band (12.4–18 GHz), this composition showed ɛr in the range of 14.62–15.49 and tan δ in the range of 2.85 × 10−2–5.89 × 10−2. An investigation of shielding properties in the Ku-band revealed that the prepared samples delivered average shielding effectiveness in the range of 5.98–6.65 dB. The prepared materials are proposed for microwave applications.

La2SrB8O16: A new rare earth borate with [B8O20]16− groups exhibiting a deep ultraviolet cutoff edge

A new rare-earth borate crystal La2SrB8O16 (LSB8) has been grown by means of spontaneous crystallization for the first time. It crystallizes in triclinic space group P1¯ (No. 2), and the lattice parameters are a ​= ​4.7512(4) Å, b ​= ​7.1202(5) Å, c ​= ​8.0147(5) Å, α ​= ​76.629(2)°, β ​= ​77.934(2)°, γ ​= ​86.588(3)°, and Z ​= ​1, respectively. LSB8 has a layered structure, which is constituted of centrosymmetric B8O20 groups. Its spectral characteristics were detailedly investigated. The electronic band, refractive indices, and density state of LSB8 were calculated according to the first principles.

Effect Stretching and Recovery on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) After Exercise

DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) is pain that a person feels within 24-72 hours after doing sports activities, and recovery occurs within 4-6 days. Pain is caused by metabolic waste such as lactic acid in muscles and extracellular fluids, irritating the ends of the sensory fibers. An exercise that is not adequately controlled can cause muscle damage, inflammation, and muscle pain. Recovery should be made after each exercise that aims to eliminate lactic acid in muscles. The study aimed to see the effect of stretching and recovery on DOMS after physical activity. This research method is a quasi-experimental research design using a randomized pre and post-test group design. The subjects in this study were students of the Department of Sport Science, Medan State University, who assessed 16 people. The research subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group P1, namely the physical exercise group without stretching and recovery; Group P2 in the physical exercise group with stretching and recovery. This research will be conducted at the Physiology Laboratory and Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, State University of Medan. The results showed that there was an effect of stretching and recovery on the reduction of DOMS after physical exercise.

Effect of Caulerpa Cylindracea Extract on Histopathology Depiction of Male Rattus Norvegicus Gaster Mucosa Induced by Indomethacin

ABSTRACT Background: A lot of food can repair gastric mucosal damage. For example, sea grapes or the Caulerpa cylindracea with its flavonoid content. Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effect can reduce gastric lesions due to ulcerogenic agents. Indomethacin is used to induce gastric ulcers in experimental animals. Based on this background, this study was conducted to analyze the effect of Caulerpa cylindracea extract, on the histopathological picture of gastric mucosal damage of Rattus norvegicus male rats. Method: 32 male Rattus norvegicus rats were divided into 4 groups, (1) Group K(-), the untreated group, (2) Group K(+) induced by indomethacin 30mg/kgBB per head (3) Group P1 induced by indomethacin 30 mg/kgBB and Caulerpa cylindracea extract 1gr/100grBB per head, (4) Group P2, induced by indometacin 30mg/kgBB and 2gr/100grBB of Caulerpa cylindracea extract per head. Result: There was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between the degree of gastric mucosal damage in group K(+) given only indomethacin and group P1 given Indomethacin and 1gr/100grBB Caulerpa cylindracea extract. There was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between group K(+) and group P2 that given Indomethacin and 2g/100grBB Caulerpa cylindracea extract. There was a significant difference (p = 0.004) between group P1 and group P2. Data revealed on group K(-) without any treatment did not obtain significant results (p = 0.060) with group P2. Conclusion: Giving Caulerpa cylindracea extract with 1 gr/100grBB dose and 2gr/100grBB dose can repair mucosal damage in Rattus norvegicus male rats induced by indomethacin.

Pengaruh Pemberian Calcitriol terhadap Kadar Limfosit pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Galur Wistar Jantan yang Dipapar Asap Rokok

The health impact for active and passive smokers is damage to the organs and respiratory tract. The body organs initially experience inflammation which increases the number of white blood cells, one of which is an increase in lymphocytes. One of the efforts to reduce the damage caused free radical by cigarette smoke is by consuming Calcitriol. Objective: To determine the effect of presenting Calcitriol on lymphocyte levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: This type of research is a pure experimental (true-experiment) using a pre and post-test research design with a control group design to check lymphocyte levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). 24 rats were divided into 6 groups simultaneously. Random, namely the control group 1 (exposed to cigarette smoke and not given Calcitriol), group 2 (exposed to cigarette smoke and not given Calcitriol), placebo control group (exposed to cigarette smoke and given olive oil), treatment 1 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given Calcitriol with a dose of 0.25 µgr / head), treatment 2 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given Calcitriol at a dose of 0.5 µgr / head) and treatment 3 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given Calcitriol at a dose of 1 µgr / head). Results: Paired t-test lymphocyte levels showed evidence that stated (p <0.05) in the K2 group (p = 0.014), the K3 group (p = 0.049), the P1 group (p = 0.012) and the P3 group (0.001) . Meanwhile, group K1 (p = 0.115) and group P2 (p = 0.066) had no statistical difference. Conclusion: Calcitriol administration can reduce lymphocyte levels in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of a series of lanthanide complexes with reduced nitronyl nitroxide radical ligands

A series of new lanthanide complexes [Ln(hfac)3](HIM-6-X-Py)2 [HIM-6-X-Py = 2-(6-X-2-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate; X = Br, Ln = Tb (Br-Tb), Dy (Br-Dy), Ho (Br-Ho), Er (Br-Er), Yb (Br-Yb); X = Cl, Ln = Dy (Cl-Dy); X = F, Ln = Dy (F-Dy)] have been prepared and studied. During the preparation of the lanthanide complexes, the nitronyl nitroxide radical ligands NIT-6-X-Py (2-(6-X-2-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolyl-1-oxyl-3-oxide; X = F, Cl, Br) were reduced to the non-radical ligands HIM-6-X-Py, forming mononuclear lanthanide complexes with two HIM-6-X-Py ligands chelated to one lanthanide(III) ion. The reduced ligands were evidenced by the color of the lanthanide complexes, the characteristic IR band of N–H stretching absorption, the residue electron density near the N atom of the ligand, and the N–O bond lengths in the final metal complexes. Except for compound F-Dy which crystallized in the triclinic space group P1¯ with two isolated DyIII centers in an asymmetricunit, all other complexes crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/n. Due to the reduced non-radical ligands, the magnetic properties of all these complexes are consistent with mononuclear LnIII compounds. Alternating-current (ac) magnetic susceptibility investigations revealed that complexes Br-Dy, Br-Er, Br-Yb, Cl-Dy and F-Dy exhibit field-induced frequency dependence which indicates the slow magnetic relaxation of these complexes.

The Protection Effect Of Methanol Extract From Asam Jawa Seed On Testicular Tissue Damage Induced By Aluminium Chloride (AlCL3)

Aluminum is known has neurotoxin effect that can lead to alzheimer's disease, dementia, and parkinson's. Metal ions such as aluminum can distract homeostasis and increase oxidative stress level, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can overwhelm antioxidant defenses and cause DNA damage, lipid peroxidase, leading to the destruction of testicular cells. Tamarindus indica’s seeds are one of the traditional plant and useful as antioxidants. Tamarindus indica’s seeds are able to protect testicular cells from damage caused by ROS. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of methanol extract from Tamarindus indica’s seeds to prevent aluminum chloride induced testicular damage to be measured from the histopathological features. This study is a quasi experimental design with a posttest design only with non-equivalent groups using thirty male Wistar rats divided into five groups, one control group and four treatment groups. The control group was given 1 mL of aquabides solution orally. Group P1 was given a dose of aluminum solution 300 mg/kgBW orally. Groups P2, P3, and P4 were each given an aluminum solution at dose of 300 mg/kgBW orally and an extract solution at a dose of 25, 50, 100 mg/kgBW orally for 10 weeks. The results of the observations showed that the scores varied between groups. Data analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test obtained p value = 0.006 (p <0.05). Post Hoc test using Mann Whitney obtained varied p values. Post Hoc analysis between K and P1 groups, P1 and P3 groups, P1 and P4 groups showed a significant difference with p value <0.05. Based on the results of this study, methanol extract from tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica) that was given to male wistar rats had prevented histopathological damage to the testes of rats induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3).
 Keywords: aluminium, testicular cell, Tamarindus indica

Potensi Ekstrak Daun Insulin (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) Terhadap Profil Kadar Glukosa Darah, Kadar Malondialdehid dan Histologi Islet Langerhans Pankreas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hiperglikemik

<em>Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease with high risk. This disease can be caused by an increase in free radicals in the body. Free radicals in the body can be detected by testing malondialdehyde levels. The increase in free radicals can cause damage to the pancreatic islet Langerhans so that insulin ability is reduced. The reduced ability of insulin causes hyperglycemic conditions, which are the first symptoms of DM. The use of medicinal plants is widely used by the community as an alternative treatment for this disease. The insulin leaf plant (Tithonia diversifolia) is empirically used by the public as an antihyperglycemic drug. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of insulin and glibenclamide leaf extracts to reduce the level of free radicals in hyperglycemic conditions and to describe their ability to repair Langerhans islets damaged by toxic substances so that the blood glucose levels of hyperglycemic rats could return to normal. Hyperglycemic rats were obtained by injecting alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150 mg/ BW of rats into male Rattus norvegicus intraperitoneally. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments with five replications each, namely group P1 as control mice, group P2 as hyperglycemic rats given 10 mg/ BW dose of glibenclamide/day, group P3 as hyperglycemic rats. who were given insulin leaf extract at a dose of 150 mg/ BW rats /day and group P4 as hyperglycemic rats who were given insulin leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/ BW rats /day. The results showed that the administration of insulin leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/ BW for rats/day was able to make blood glucose levels significantly different, but the malondialdehyde levels were not significantly different than control rats. In addition, administration of insulin leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/ BW rats/day to hyperglycemic rats was also able to improve the condition of the Langerhans pancreatic islet towards conditions like control rats. The improvement in the condition of Langerhans pancreatic islet is indicated by the cell nucleus that is colored dark blue with more regular shapes.</em>

Structural basis of the p53 DNA binding domain and PUMA complex

PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) is localized in mitochondria and a direct target in p53-mediated apoptosis. p53 elicits mitochondrial apoptosis via transcription-dependent and independent mechanisms. p53 is known to induce apoptosis via the transcriptional induction of PUMA, which encodes proapoptotic BH3-only members of the Bcl-2 protein family. However, the transcription-independent mechanisms of human PUMA remain poorly defined. For example, it is not known whether PUMA interacts directly with the DNA binding domain (DBD: residues 92–293) of p53 in vitro. Here, the structure of the complex between the DBD of p53 and PUMA peptide was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that PUMA peptide binds strongly with p53 DBD, and the crystal structure of p53-PUMA peptide complex revealed it contains four molecules of p53 DBD and one PUMA peptide per asymmetric unit in space group P1. PUMA peptide bound to the N-terminal residues of p53 DBD. A cell proliferation assay demonstrated PUMA peptide inhibited the growth of a lung cancer cell line. These results contribute to understanding of the mechanism responsible for p53-mediated apoptosis.

Choosing between the Conventional Plates, Locking Plates, or Iliosacral Screws for Sacroiliac Joint Dislocation: A Biomechanical Comparison Study

Background: This study examines the comparison of biomechanical strengths of three kinds of the most familiar implants available in Indonesia: conventional and locking sacroiliac plates and screws, also iliosacral screws. Despite the common thought that iliosacral screws are preferred compared to conventional plates and screws due to its biomechanic superiority, this study tested whether the locking plates and screws could offer an alternative.Materials and Methods: This study was an in vitro experimental study with a Randomized Post Test - Only Control Group Design using pelvic bones from male cadavers aged 20-50 y.o. Twelve samples were divided into three treatment groups and one control group. Group P1 was fixed with two conventional plates, P2 was fixed with two locking plates, P3 was fixed with two iliosacral screws, and control group K with sacroiliac joint was intact. Each group was given an increasing load until a vertical shift of the sacroiliac joint ≥ 2.0 mm was obtained.Results: The average force load for 2 mm displacement among the fixation systems being tested shows a statistically significant difference (p0.05). Load failure force for 2 mm displacement in the locking plate and screw group has the highest average (591.33 ± 56.08 N) compared to the iliosacral screw group (583.67 ± 73.56 N) and conventional plate and screw group (574 ± 106.05 N).Conclusions: Biomechanically, the fixation system using two locking anterior sacroiliac plates and screws is more stable than the iliosacral screws and conventional sacroiliac plates and screws.

Noncentrosymmetric Tetrel Pnictides RuSi4P4 and IrSi3P3: Nonlinear Optical Materials with Outstanding Laser Damage Threshold

AbstractNoncentrosymmetric (NCS) tetrel pnictides have recently generated interest as nonlinear optical (NLO) materials due to their second harmonic generation (SHG) activity and large laser damage threshold (LDT). Herein nonmetal‐rich silicon phosphides RuSi4P4 and IrSi3P3 are synthesized and characterized. Their crystal structures are reinvestigated using single crystal X‐ray diffraction and 29Si and 31P magic angle spinning NMR. In agreement with previous report RuSi4P4 crystallizes in NCS space group P1, while IrSi3P3 is found to crystallize in NCS space group Cm, in contrast with the previously reported space group C2. A combination of DFT calculations and diffuse reflectance measurements reveals RuSi4P4 and IrSi3P3 to be wide bandgap (Eg) semiconductors, Eg = 1.9 and 1.8 eV, respectively. RuSi4P4 and IrSi3P3 outperform the current state‐of‐the‐art infrared SHG material, AgGaS2, both in SHG activity and laser inducer damage threshold. Due to the combination of high thermal stabilities (up to 1373 K), wide bandgaps (≈2 eV), NCS crystal structures, strong SHG responses, and large LDT values, RuSi4P4 and IrSi3P3 are promising candidates for longer wavelength NLO materials.

Polymorphism in Gd2Ge2O7 ceramics: Structural, vibrational, and optical features

In this work, Gd2Ge2O7 polymorphs were obtained by solid-state reactions at 1100–1300 °C. Structural and vibrational features were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. For the triclinic (space group P1) polymorph, all the predicted phonons were discerned in perfect agreement with the group theory calculations, while for the tetragonal polymorph (space group P41212), 53 bands of the 81 predicted modes could be identified and characterized. The Gd3+ 4f-4f electronic transitions were investigated by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the range 200–340 nm. By applying the Kubelka-Munk function, it was possible to determine the bandgap values for all ceramics studied. The tetragonal polymorph exhibited higher bandgap values (5.88 eV) than the triclinic one (5.59 eV), which are both more energetic than other pyrochlore polymorphs reported in the literature. The results indicate that the presence of polymorphism in Gd2Ge2O7 ceramics can be used to produce tailor-made materials since their crystal structures have a strong influence on their optical properties. Consequently, these properties could be used to tuning the optical properties of Gd-containing materials to sensitize and transfer energy to other luminescent lanthanide ions, aiming for innovative applications.

First Occurrence of Willhendersonite in the Lessini Mounts, Northern Italy

Willhendersonite is a rare zeolite, with very few occurrences reported globally (Terni Province, Italy; the Eifel Region, Germany; Styria, Austria). Moreover, the data available from these sites are very limited and do not allow a detailed picture of this zeolite’s mineralogical and chemical characteristics. In this work, a new willhendersonite occurrence is reported from the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Lessini Mounts, northern Italy. Morphology, mineralogy and chemical composition of selected crystals were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and electron probe microanalyser (EPMA). Willhendersonite occurs within basanitic rocks as isolated, colorless, transparent crystals with prismatic to flattened morphologies. Individual crystals often grow together to form small elongated clusters and trellis-like aggregates. The diffraction pattern exhibits 33 well-resolved diffraction peaks, all of which can be indexed to a triclinic cell with unit cell parameters a = 9.239(2) Å; b = 9.221(2) Å; and c = 9.496(2) Å, α = 92.324(2)°, β = 92.677(2)°, γ = 89.992° (Space Group P1¯). The chemical data point to significant variability from Ca-rich willhendersonite (K0.23Na0.03)Σ=0,26Ca1.24 (Si3.06Al3,00Fe3+0.01)Σ=6,07 O12·5H2O) to Ca-K terms (K0.94Na0.01)Σ=0,95Ca0.99 (Si3.07Al2.93Fe3+0.00)Σ=6,00O12·5H2O). Willhendersonite from the Lessini Mounts highlights the existence of an isomorphous series between the Ca-pure crystals and Ca-K compositions, possibly extended up to a potassic end-member.

Diversities in the chelation of aroylhydrazones towards cobalt(II) salts: Synthesis, spectral characterization, crystal structure and some theoretical studies

Five cobalt complexes synthesized from two aroylhydrazones were characterized by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR and electronic spectra. Single crystal X-ray structure of one of the complex is also reported and it got crystallized in triclinic space group P1¯ and the crystal structure shows a distorted octahedral geometry around the metal center. Spectral data reveal that both the aroylhydrazones are tridentate and coordinate through the azomethine nitrogen, hydrazonic oxygen, and pyridyl nitrogen. Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm the paramagnetic nature of the Co(II) complexes and one of the complex was found to be diamagnetic in nature. Additionally, HF/6-311G(d,p)/LANL2DZ calculations were performed to predict the possible intramolecular interactions contributing to the lowering of the stabilization energy. Accordingly, π→ π* transitions were found to be responsible for the stabilization energy for the ligands and their cobalt complexes. To describe and discuss the chemical reactivity and stability of synthesized complexes, quantum chemical parameters like frontier orbital energies, hardness, softness, energy gap, electronegativity, chemical potential, electrophilicity, polarizability and dipole moment were calculated. Also, the main electronic structure principles such as maximum hardness, minimum polarizability, and minimum electrophilicity principles were considered to evaluate the stability of the complexes.

Hydrogen bonding features of amide functionalities in four novel salts of an antiemetic drug domperidone

Domperidone, 5-chloro-1-(1-[3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo-[d] imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one, C22H24ClN5O2, is an antiemetic drug, used to relieve the patients from nausea and vomiting sickness. In the present study, four novel domperidone salts viz., domperidone chloride hydrate methanol solvate, (I), bis(domperidone nitrate nitric acid) hydrate, (II), domperidone nitrate 1.046 hydrate (III) and domperidone methylsulfate hemihydrate, (IV) are reported. Structure (I) crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/n, while, structures of (II) - (IV) crystallized in the triclinic space group P1¯. In all four structures the N atom of piperidine ring is protonated and further confirmed by IR and 1H NMR analyses. In (I), (II) and molecule B of (III), the orientation of chlorine-substituted oxobenzimidazolyl and non-substituted oxobenzimidazolyl rings are in anti-clinal conformations, while molecule A of (III) and (IV), are in syn-clinal conformations. The protonated piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation in all four structures. In (I), inversion-related domperidone molecules are involved in forming a R22(28) dimer, while in (II), symmetry independent domperidone molecules A and B are involved in constructing the R22(28) dimer. In (III) and (IV), two sets of amide R22(8) dimer are observed. In all four structures, the anions and solvent molecules play a crucial role in aggregating the domperidone dimers into three-dimensional hydrogen bonded networks. It is interesting to note that the characteristic feature of domperidone, amide R22(8) dimer is observed in (III) and (IV), while, in (I) and (II), a very different and unique R22(28) dimer is observed between the domperidone molecules. The formation of this R22(28) dimer appears to be influenced by the conformations of the chlorine-substituted oxobenzimidazolyl and non-substituted oxobenzimidazolyl groups.

Synthesis, crystal structure, computational studies and spectroscopic characterization of a hybrid material self-assembly from tetra(isothiocyanate)cobalt(II) anion and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazinium

A novel hybrid organic-inorganic molecular solid, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazinium (1–4MPPip) tetra(isothiocyanate)cobalt monohydrate (1–4MPPip)4[Co(NCS)4]2•H2O (I), was prepared using a slow evaporation growth technique at room temperature and characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray crystal structure, spectroscopic and computational studies. The crystal structural analysis reveals that the solid crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1¯. The [Co(NCS)4]2− anions are arranged in pairs along the c-axis direction to form anionic layers parallel to the (a,c) plane. Intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces and contact enrichment tools. The organic entities are grouped into dimers through weak interactions OW-H…N and OW-H…O generated by the water molecules. The robustness of the crystal is also enhanced by CH…π and CH…S intermolecular interactions. Mulliken charge distribution, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps and HOMO and LUMO energy gaps have been computed. The vibrational absorption bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. The solid-state UV-Visible absorption spectrum of the title compound was obtained at room temperature in order to spotlight the optical properties.

The Effect of Mixed Liquor Administration on The Johnsen’s Score and The Number of Sertoli Cells and Leydig Cells on The Wistar Strain White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

To analyze the effect of mixed liquor administration on the Johnsen’s score and the number of Sertoli cellsand Leydig cells on the Wistar strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 28 rats were divided into 4groups: C, P1, P2, and P3. Rats were given mixed liquor with different dose, namely P1 (1 ml), P2 (2 ml),and P3 (4 ml) each day for 14 days, then compared to C group which was given 4 ml of distilled water usingan oral gavage. Mixed liquor consists of 20% ethanol and 4% methanol. The histopathological features wereevaluated by the Johnsen’s score, the number of Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells in cross-sectional preparationof rat testicular tissue with 400× magnification. Datas were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and OneWay ANOVA test with a confidence level of p <0.05. The P3 group had the lowest Johnsen’s score and thenumber of Sertoli cells, 6.442±0.293 and 5.942±0.674, respectively. A significant decrease in increased doseoccurred in the Sertoli cell count but not in the Johnsen’s score. Group P2 had the lowest number of Leydigcells, 6.421±0.360. The administration of mixed liquor caused a decrease in Johnsen’s score and the numberof Sertoli cells and Leydig cells on the Wistar strain white rat (Rattus norvegicus).