Group Of Carp Research Articles

Poly(I:C), chitosan oligosaccharide, and chitosan enhance inactivated GCRV vaccine potency in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

Vaccination is the most promising strategy to combat infectious diseases. Vaccine adjuvants are considered as key components in modern vaccinology since they provide the necessary help in enhancing the immune responses. This study evaluated the protective effects of poly (I:C), chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) and chitosan as new adjuvants in enhancing immune response and inhibiting GCRV replication using inactivated GCRV vaccines. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was used as a control adjuvant, and the survival rate of each group of grass carp was assessed. The CiIgM protein levels in sera were obviously boosted and sustained by the three novel adjuvant supplies, examining by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting (WB) methods. Meanwhile, mRNA expression of CiIgM in spleen and head kidney were elevated, checking by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. The Th1, not Th2 type immune responses, pro-inflammation cytokines and innate antiviral genes were also reinforced in spleen and head kidney tissues at early stages. The GCRV replication was significantly reduced post GCRV injection. The tissue sectioning showed a significant reduction in tissue damage in muscles, intestines, and hepatopancreatic tissues under the protection of the three adjuvants. The results indicated that poly(I:C), COS and chitosan can serve as novel and efficient adjuvants in inactivated vaccine in grass carp.

Результаты генетического анализа племенного ядра сарбоянского карпа

The paper evaluates the results of the genetic analysis of the breeding core of sarboyan carp LLC "Eco-Park". The analysis was carried out using PCR diagnostics using the COXI gene. The predominant halpotypes of the breeding group of sarboyan carp have been identified. Analysis of the median network of haplotypes showed that the considered haplotypes of carp and wild carp form two haplogroups connected through 1 haplotype. One of the most numerous haplotypes among them is H1; it includes up to 78% of the studied array of fish. The stock of fish taken for the study was studied according to 8 grading measurements (body weight, absolute body length, body length without caudal fin, greatest height, width and girth). A comparative analysis of the physique features of male and female fish belonging to different haplotypes was carried out. Within the haplogroup there is sexual dimorphism based on morphological characteristics. Males and females differ significantly in weight, thickness and girth of the body, as well as the corresponding body indices. The second most numerous haplogroup is H16, its females exceed males in body weight, thickness and girth. A comparison of males from different groups h1 and h16 did not reveal differences in morphological characteristics; the same patterns were established in relation to the exterior of females. Phylogenetic analysis carried out on the basis of its own haplotypes and haplotypes taken from the international NCBI database confirms the known information that sarboyan carp is a deeply hybrid group created on the basis of introductory crossing of belarusian carp and amur carp.

Comparative analysis of the results of backcrossing during selection of carp

A study of the fish-breeding and biological characteristics of two- and three-year-old hybrids of third-generation carp and reverse-crossing carp was carried out. As a result, a higher Fulton fatness coefficient was revealed in returncrossing carp, as well as their more effective plastic exchange, characterized by feed payment. The exterior indicators for the progonicity index of both two-yearolds and three-year-olds in return-crossing carp had lower values than in hybrids. Consequently, in this group of fish, as a result of the return crossing of carp hybrids with an improver breed (Moscow scaly), a more pronounced high-spin was observed. The additional calculation carried out for the variation of the studied index revealed slightly lower coefficient of variation in two- and three-year-old carp hybrids than in return-crossing carp, which can be explained by the effect of stabilizing selection during three generations of breeding. The use of such an important indicator as the mass accumulation coefficient made it possible to establish its higher values in two-year-old carp of return crossing. The consequence of such a high weight gain in this repair group of carp may be a significantly lower average weight in yearlings of return crossing when stocking outgrowth ponds (15.8 g versus 88.3 g in third-generation carp hybrids). The highest indicators for the accumulation mass coefficient were noted for both two-year-olds and three-year-olds of two groups of carp in the period from May to June, which corresponded to a more intensive development of the natural forage base in the growing ponds during this period of time.

Оцінка генетичної мінливості племінних стад амурського сазана (Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacépède, 1803)

Purpose. To study the genetic peculiarities of pedigree tocksof Amur carp and evaluate its genetic variability by analyzing distribution of alleles and genotypes by the specific protein systems and cytogenetic parameters. Methodology. Analysis of polymorphism of protein systems was performed using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. As protein markers to evaluate the genetic structure of Amur carp stocks, the separation of allelic and genotypic frequencies by loci, which encode a number of fish blood proteins, were used: transferrin (TF), albumin (ALB) and esterase (EST, 3.1.1.1). Cytogenetic analysis was performed using the micronucleus test and analysis of apoptosisfrequencies. Collection and processing of biological material of fish as well as statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using generally accepted methods. Findings. A comprehensive analysis of the genetic structure of Amur carp from three farms in Ukraine was carried out by protein systems and cytogenetic markers. The results of the study showed that all pedigree groups of Amur carp were characterized by a deviation towards the predominance of heterozygotes (Fis = from –0.084 to –0.344). A minimal imbalance was observed in the group of carp from the farm “Karpatskyi Vodogray” LLC (Fis = –0.084). The maximum violation of the genetic balance was found in carp from the farm of JSC “Sumyrybhosp” (Fis = –0.308) and in the group from the experimental farm “Veliky Lyubin” (Fis = –0.344). In general, the analysis of the protein systems of fish blood showed a high level of heterogeneity of pedigree stocks of Amur carp from different farms in Ukraine. The analysis of frequencies of cytogenetic parameters of Amur carp from three fish farms showed that fish from fish farms of JSC “Sumyrybhosp” and PFE “Dzherelo” were characterized by a lower frequency of erythrocytes with micronuclei (EMN) (3.3±0.3 ‰), (3.2±0.3 ‰), lymphocytes with micronuclei (LMN) (2.1±0, 2 ‰), (1.9±0.2 ‰), and apoptosis (4.2±0.3‰), (4,3±0,3‰) compared to the group from fish farm “Karpatskyi Vodogray” LLC, where these values were as follows: EMN (4.7±0.3 ‰), LMN (2.4±0.2‰), apoptosis (5.6±0.4‰). These results indicates a lower level of destabilization of chromosomal apparatus of Amur carp from the fish farm JSC “Sumyrybhosp” at the time of the study. Originality. A comprehensive evaluation of the level of variability of the genetic structure of pedigree stocks of Amur carp from different regions of Ukraine was performed for the first time. Practical Value. Pedigree socksof Amur carp have important practical value in selective breeding work with carps, including works for obtaining hybrid lines to increase the resistance of breeding material. Keywords: Amur carp, genetic structure, locus, alleles, genotype, heterozygosity, micronucleus test, cytogenetic analysis.

Influence of different feed additives on the level of dactylogyrus infection in carp years

A comparative study of the effect of various preparations on the level of infection of Cyprinus carpio yearlings with dactylogyrus was carried out. The studies were carried out in spring under aquatic conditions. The fish were divided into 7 groups and fed 6 times a day. The control group was given pure food, and the experimental group was given the addition of various preparations. The study was carried out in 2 stages. At the first stage, the experimental fish were fed with Roncoleukin, a structural and functional analog of endogenous IL-2, and the enterosorbent agent, Polyfepam; Bacillus subtilis “SUB-PRO” and biologically active additive “Ecoflor”. The infestation of carps was assessed by the extensiveness of invasion and the index of abundance of parasites. The experiments performed showed differences in the level of infection depending on the drug used. According to the effect on the infection of juvenile carp with dactygyrus, the studied preparations can be conditionally divided into 2 groups: increasing and decreasing the intensity of invasion by the end of the 7th day of the experiment. The first group includes “Polyfepam” and “AQUATAN”, and the rest of the drugs to the second. On the 7th day of the experiment, the lowest infestation was recorded in the group of carp, which were added to the Antibak feed, and the highest — with the addition of AQUATAN. On day 14, in all experimental groups, the parasite abundance index exceeded the control values obtained before the start of the experiment. A significant increase in the intensity of invasion was noted in the experimental group, which received a drug based on ellagitannins with food. In other groups, this indicator increased slightly.

Common carp reproduction in winter using heated water in temporal climate of Uzbekistan

In December 2022, 10 females and 2 males of common carp (Common carp) from ponds (water temperature 10°C) were placed in RAS pools and 2 females and 2 males (control group) were placed in an open pond in Uzbeki-stan. In January, the water temperature was increased by 1°C in two days in the RAS for two weeks. Since January 20, the water temperature was 22-24°C for two weeks. The fish had weigh 2950 – 3980 (average 3235) g. From February 3th, 4 females and 2 males were injected with the pituitary gland according to the routine methods and ripe eggs and milt were obtained, ripe eggs (920 g) were incubated in Zuger apparatus. Fertility was 90%, Feb-ruary 7th, the beginning of hatching of the larvae was determined. The yield of larvae from eggs was 64%. Injected at the same time, 2 females and 2 males from the control group of carp did not produce ripe eggs and milt at all.

Застосування голозерного вівса в годівлі племінних дволіток коропа, як ефективного методу забезпечення фізіологічних потреб організму риб

Purpose. To study the effect of addition of hulless oats during the growing period on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of replacement-brood stock of carp. Methodology. The replacement-brood stock of Lubin intra-breed type of Ukrainian scaly carp strain, which were kept in ponds of State Enterprise Experimental Fish Farm of Lviv Research Station of the Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (IFNAASU) was used for the study. The stocking density was 1000 fish/ha. The experiment was based on four experimental groups. Carps of the first experimental group were fed during the entire growing period with a feed mixture with the addition of hulles oats in the amount of 10 %, while carps of the second group were fed with a feed with the addition of 30 % of hulless oats. The third experimental group received a feed mixture in June – July, and hulless oats in August. The control group of carp was fed with the feed mixture throughout the entire growing period. The stocking density of fish was 1000 fish/ha. Piscicultural studies were conducted in accordance with current methods. Sampling of water for chemical analysis and its processing in the laboratory was carried out according to O. Alokin according to the Standard of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine. Haemoglobin content was determined by the haemoglobin-cyanide method. Blood erythrocytes were counted in a Goryaev chamber. Abundance and weight of natural feeds in ponds were determined according to I.A. Kyseliov, V.I. Zhadin. Zooplankton biomass was determined using tables of individual weights of F.D. Mordukhai-Boltovskoi. Analytical processing of the material was performed using MS Excel. The criteria for the analysis of indicators were their mean (M) and mean deviation (m). Findings. Peculiarities of growth, development of carp and efficiency of feed usage with the addition of hulless oats on the background of similar satisfactory growing conditions were studied. It was found that additional feeding of carp with hulless oats at an amount of 30% was effective. In particular, its addition resulted in an increase in individual weight by 31.1% and survival rate by 2.33%. Studies of the physiological functions of the body of experimental fish during the growing period after adding the hulless oats into the main diet provided an opportunity to recommend its use in the feeding process of age–1+carp in order to increase fish productivity. Originality. The advisability of using hulless oats in the feeding of replacement-brood stock of juvenile carp was studied in Ukraine for the first time. The analysis of productive, physiological and economic indicators has been carried out. Practical value. The results of a comprehensive assessment of piscicultura; and biological parameters provide recommendations for the use of hulless oats in the feeding of replacement-brood stock of juvenile carp. Key words: carp, replacement-brood juvenile stock, feed, feed additives, normalized feeding, physiological needs, fish productivity, feed costs, natural food supply.

ASSESSMENT OF THE GENETIC VARIABILITY OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF SILVER AND BIGHEAD CARPS BY BIOCHEMICAL POLYMORPHISM

Goal. The study aimed to analyze and assess the genetic variability of different age groups of silver and bighead carps by the polymorphism of protein and enzyme systems.
 Methods. Blood samples were taken from silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (Aristichthys nobilis) carps of "Sunpoint Ukraine" LLC, Slobozhanske, Zmiiv district, Kharkiv region.
 Blood from the tail vein was collected from age-2 and age-3 fish in vivo and placed into tubes with an anticoagulant. Whole blood samples were separated into fractions by centrifugation and as a result plasma and erythrocytes were packed into separate tubes. The methods of vertical polyacrylamide and horizontal starch electrophoresis were used for the electrophoretic separation of proteins and enzymes of silver and bighead carps blood. Histochemical staining of the gel plates was carried out with t) and bighead he following genotyping of allelic variants of protein and enzyme systems. Biochemical systems such as loci of prealbumin (Pralb), esterase (EST, K.F. 3.1.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, K.F. 1.1.1.37), enzyme malic (ME, K.F. 1.1.1.40) and carbonic anhydrase (CA, K.F. 4.2.1.1) were investigated. Statistical processing of experimental data was performed using Biosys-1. Cluster analysis was carried out using MEGA-X.
 Results. Analysis of the peculiarities of the distribution of allele frequencies and the genotypic composition of Pralb, EST, MDH, ME, and CA loci was carried out in the age-2 and age-3 groups of silver and bighead carps. The prevalence of the frequency of the fast migrating allelic variant F was revealed in comparison with the slow migrating gene at EST locus in the age-3 group of silver carp (Est F = 0.620). The prevalence of the frequency of the fast allelic variant Pralb A in comparison with the slow Pralb B was observed in the silver carp groups (Pralb A = 0.812 in the age-2 and Pralb A = 0.726 in the age-3 groups. According to the genotypic composition of the studied loci, there was an excess of heterozygous individuals in the age-2 group of silver carp, which indicates their genetic imbalance. The formation of breeding stocks of silver and bighead carps requires control of the level of genetic variability of different age groups to monitor changes in the genetic structure and maintain the optimal level of heterozygosity in stocks. The highest level of average heterozygosity (79.4%) was found in the age-2 group of silver carp, which prevailed over the expected average heterozygosity with a value of 49.4%. In comparison with other studied groups, the age-2 group of bighead carp had the lowest level of average heterozygosity of 59.1% versus the theoretically calculated level of 45.5%. The age-2 and age-3 groups of bighead carp had the highest level of heterozygosity at Ca locus at the level of 82.8 and 78.6% respectively, in contrast to the expected heterozygosity at this locus at the level of 49.9 and 49.7%. A dendrogram of the genetic relationships of different age groups of silver carp was constructed based on the values of genetic distances. The formed clusters indicated the formation of the genetic structure of the silver and bighead carps by species affiliation.
 Conclusions. The analysis of the genetic structure of different age groups of the silver and bighead carps was performed by the polymorphism of protein and enzyme systems such as Pralb, EST, MDH, ME, CA loci. The study describes the features of the distribution of allelic frequencies and genotypic variants of the aforementioned loci. The level of average heterozygosity, observed and expected heterozygosity at loci in age-2 and age-3 groups of silver and bighead carps were determined. The high genetic variability of an age-2 group of silver carp at the level of 79.4% indicates the need to stabilize their genetic structure. As a result of the cluster analysis, it was determined that the formation of the genetic structure of the silver carp groups of the "Sunpoint Ukraine" farm in the Kharkiv region occurs by species affiliation. The study and use of biochemical markers will allow differentiating stocks of silver and bighead carps. As well as in complex analysis with other molecular genetic markers will allow them to develop a genetic passport.

MARKERS OF RESISTANCE OF POYKYLOTHERM ANIMALS TO STRESS IMPACT

Biochemical and immunobiological studies of blood samples from cyprinids, age-sex and size-weight analysis showed the presence of changes characteristic of stress. The study of cyprinids in aquaculture has established that the influence of stress of various origins on the resistance of fish and fish-breeding indicators is a current urgent problem, the solution of which is important both for assessing the reproductive potential of fish and for developing measures to eliminate the negative consequences of stress. When assessing the state of the experimental group of carp, taking into account body weight and length, it was found that their values are influenced by the temperature of the aquatic envi-ronment. The dependence of the level of cortisol and total protein of carp blood serum on sex, age, stocking density, temperature of the aquatic environment and the rate of its increase is shown.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals an association of gibel carp fatty liver with ferroptosis pathway

BackgroundFatty liver has become a main problem that causes huge economic losses in many aquaculture modes. It is a common physiological or pathological phenomenon in aquaculture, but the causes and occurring mechanism are remaining enigmatic.MethodsEach three liver samples from the control group of allogynogenetic gibel carp with normal liver and the overfeeding group with fatty liver were collected randomly for the detailed comparison of histological structure, lipid accumulation, transcriptomic profile, latent pathway identification analysis (LPIA), marker gene expression, and hepatocyte mitochondria analyses.ResultsCompared to normal liver, larger hepatocytes and more lipid accumulation were observed in fatty liver. Transcriptomic analysis between fatty liver and normal liver showed a totally different transcriptional trajectory. GO terms and KEGG pathways analyses revealed several enriched pathways in fatty liver, such as lipid biosynthesis, degradation accumulation, peroxidation, or metabolism and redox balance activities. LPIA identified an activated ferroptosis pathway in the fatty liver. qPCR analysis confirmed that gpx4, a negative regulator of ferroptosis, was significantly downregulated while the other three positively regulated marker genes, such as acsl4, tfr1 and gcl, were upregulated in fatty liver. Moreover, the hepatocytes of fatty liver had more condensed mitochondria and some of their outer membranes were almost ruptured.ConclusionsWe reveal an association between ferroptosis and fish fatty liver for the first time, suggesting that ferroptosis might be activated in liver fatty. Therefore, the current study provides a clue for future studies on fish fatty liver problems.

Metabolomic profiles and pathways of praziquantel in crucian carp

Praziquantel (PZQ) is a drug commonly used to treat some parasitic infections in animals. This study aimed to apply a reliable and simple method to identify important biological metabolites relevant to PZQ in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) to decipher the metabolic pathways and provide a basis for developing new anti-parasite drugs. The experimental group of crucian carp was administered oral PZQ at a dose of 10 mg kg−1 via a stomach feed tube. All biological blood samples were analysed using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC ESI/Q-TOF MS). MetPA analysis was used to identify relevant pathways for PZQ in crucian carp. Thirty-five potential metabolic pathways were revealed by MetPA network software. Furthermore, the chemical structures of the related metabolites and pathways were identified by comparison with data obtained from free online databases. Forty-four significantly differentially abundant endogenous metabolites were found in the PZQ-treated crucian carp. The changes in metabolomic profiles and pathways induced by PZQ played a role in inhibiting pathogenesis.

A new strain group of common carp: The genetic differences and admixture events between Cyprinus carpio breeds.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) has an outstanding economic importance in freshwater aquaculture due to its high adaptive capacity to both food and environment. In fact, it is the third most farmed fish species worldwide according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. More than four million tons of common carp are produced annually in aquaculture, and more than a hundred thousand tons are caught from the wild. Historically, the common carp was also the first fish species to be domesticated in ancient China, and now, there is a huge variety of domestic carp strains worldwide. In the present study, we used double digestion restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing to genotype several European common carp strains and showed that they are divided into two distinct groups. One of them includes central European common carp strains as well as Ponto–Caspian wild common carp populations, whereas the other group contains several common carp strains that originated in the Soviet Union, mostly as cold‐resistant strains. We believe that breeding with wild Amur carp and subsequent selection of the hybrids for resistance to adverse environmental conditions was the attribute of the second group. We assessed the contribution of wild Amur carp inheritance to the common carp strains and discovered discriminating genes, which differed in allele frequencies between groups. Taken together, our results improve our current understanding of the genetic variability of common carp, namely the structure of natural and artificial carp populations, and the contribution of wild carp traits to domestic strains.

Effects of probiotic addition on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal morphology of gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) cultured using biofloc technology

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 生物絮团养殖模式下益生菌添加对异育银鲫生长、消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 大连海洋大学, 辽宁 大连 116023;2. 盐城工学院, 江苏 盐城 224051 作者简介: 徐晨(1993-),女,硕士研究生,从事水产养殖和病害防治研究.E-mail:2459137028@qq.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S963;Q96 基金项目: 江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20150426）；国家自然科学基金项目（31602179）；江苏省博士后基金项目（1501101C）；盐城工学院人才引进项目（xj201513，kjc2014018）. Effects of probiotic addition on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal morphology of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) cultured using biofloc technology Author: Affiliation: 1. Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;2. Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:前期研究表明，生物絮团技术（biofloc technology，BFT）适于异育银鲫（）养殖。为进一步优化BFT养殖模式，本研究设置3个实验组：BFT模式下EM菌添加组（BB组）、枯草芽孢杆菌（）添加组（BI组）和BFT对照组（B组），以均体重（1.60±0.50）g的异育银鲫为研究对象，探讨BFT模式下外源添加益生菌对养殖动物生长、消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响。结果表明：（1）益生菌添加组异育银鲫增重率和特定生长率显著高于对照组（<0.05），BB和BI组的增重率分别提高了216.70%和184.04%，特定生长率分别提高了141.18%和125.49%，BB和BI组间差异不显著（<0.05）。益生菌添加组间，BB组淀粉酶活性显著高于BI组（>0.05）；（3）益生菌添加组肠道肌层厚度和黏膜下层厚度显著高于对照组（B组）（>0.05）。研究表明，BFT养殖模式下外源添加益生菌可以更好地促进异育银鲫生长。 Abstract:Probiotics have been defined as live microorganisms, which confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. The probiotics used in aquaculture commonly include effective microorganisms (EM bacteria), sp. The biofloc technology (BFT) is a zero-water exchange and eco-friendly aquaculture system. The BFT can recycle nutrient by introducing additional carbon source to culture water in order to stimulate the growth of heterotrophic bacteria that convert ammonia into microbial biomass. The microbial biomass will further aggregate with other microorganisms and particles to form bioflocs. The bioflocs contain a heterogeneous mixture of diatoms, macroalgae, food and fecal remnants, exoskeletons, bacteria, invertebrates, and other microorganisms. The bioflocs can maintain good water quality, increase fish growth performance, reduce feed cost by recycling feed residues and fecal excrements, aid enzymatic activity, and enhance innate immunity and disease resistance. Meanwhile, the BFT can minimize water exchange to save labor and environmental costs, and reduce water usage and waste generated in aquaculture. It can also avoid drug abuse for disease control, because of the key microorganism in the bioflocs. The BFT has the potential to be used widely in aquaculture. Gibel carp () is one of important freshwater species farmed in China, and it is a representative species of mudflat cultured fish. However, with the rapid development of aquaculture, the waste of water resources, pollution, and diseases seriously affected the sustainable development and aquaculture efficiency of gibel carp. Our previous studies showed that the BFT can be used in gibel carp culture and that it has positive effects on the growth performance and immune response of gibel carp. To further optimize the BFT system in gibel carp culture, a 35-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotics on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal morphology of gibel carp cultured using the BFT. A total of 1800 normal gibel carps with a mean body weight of 1.60 g were randomly assigned to nine ponds (3.0 m×1.0 m×0.8 m) as three experimental treatments, including the EM bacteria addition group in BFT system (BB), s addition group in BFT system (BI), and BFT without any probiotics addition (B). The results revealed the followings (1) Compared with those of the control group, weight gain and specific growth of gibel carp in the BB and BI groups were significantly higher (<0.05); the weight gain in the BB and BI groups increased by 216.70% and 184.04%, respectively. Furthermore, the specific growth increased by 141.18% and 125.49%, respectively. The weight gain and specific growth in BB group were higher but no significantly different from those in BI group (>0.05). These results indicate that the addition of probiotics to BFT system can promote the growth of gibel carp. Additionally, compound bacteria (EM bacteria) addition showed better efficiency than the addition of single strain . (2) The activity of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase and protease) in the probiotics addition groups (BB and BI) was significantly higher than those in control group (<0.05), and the highest activities were observed in BB group. The activity of amylase in BB group was significantly higher than that in BI group (<0.05). (3) The thickness of muscularis and submucosa of gibel carp gut in the probiotics addition groups was significantly higher than those in control group (<0.05). The mucosal fold height and fold mesenchyme width of gibel carp gut were not significantly different among the BB, BI, and control groups (>0.05). The results suggest that the addition of probiotics can promote growth of gibel carp and improve their intestinal digestive enzyme activities. Furthermore, the addition of probiotics can also affect the intestinal morphology of gibel carp cultured in BFT system. This study provides some valuable information to promote the usage of BFT in aquaculture. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Coexisting of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and diazinon on histopathology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The purpose of present study was to determine the sub-acute toxicity effects of diazinon on the gill and intestine tissues histopathology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in exposure to TiO2 NPs. In this study, common carp (length: 21 ± 1.3 cm; weight: 11 ± 1.1 g) were assigned randomly to 12 experimental groups (15 each) and exposed to three non-lethal concentration of TiO2 NPs, two non-lethal concentrations of diazinon, and six mixture concentrations of diazinon and TiO2 NPs, as well a control group for a period of 14 days. For studies of classic histological, the samples of gill and intestine organs were prepared and stained by hematoxylin-eosin and, finally, was imagined by light microscopy. Compared to the control group, gill and intestine tissues of common carp in treatment groups, TiO2, diazinon, and a mixture of TiO2 and diazinon, showed higher histopathological alterations. The most commonly observed alterations in gill were hyperplasia, fusion of lamellae, aneurism, and necrosis. Common alterations in intestine were degeneration, increase in the number of goblet cells, increase in the number of lymphocyte, vacuolation, and necrosis and erosion. In conclusion, this research suggested that the coexistence toxicity of diazinon and TiO2 NPs on the gill and intestine histopathology of common carp was higher than the diazinon and TiO2 NPs alone.

Study on Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy from Liver, Kidney and Muscle of Common Carp

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy has been found to be commonly present in many organisms. However, the studies on the mitochondrial heteroplasmy within group of fishes are currently lacking. This specific purpose of this study was to investigate the mtDNA heteroplasmy in different organs within group of common carp. Based on cytochrome B (cyt B) gene, we amplified in a frag ment of cytB gene from three tissues including liver, kidney and muscle of five individuals via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Pfu DNA polymerase, sequenced the amplified DNA fragments and compared mitochondrial heteroplasmy among these tissues. The result showed that the mean frequency of wild-type in muscle, liver and kidney was 54.4%, 56.8% and 68% respectively. Among the point mutations, frequency of substitution of G for A and C for T is 58.2%, 71.4% and 74.1% respectively in muscle tissues, liver and kidney. Of total mutations whereas the substitutions of T for A, T for C, A for T, A for G, A for C, G for C, C for G, T for G, G for T is 38.0%, 26.4% and 24.2% of total mutations. The study has shown that mitochondrial heteroplasmy occurred widely in different tissue within groups of carp.

Evaluation of growth and dressing out parameters of experimental scaly crossbreds in 3-year-old common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758)

Performance tests of the Prerov Scaly Carp (PS), two crossbreds (PS [multiplication] M72 and PS [multiplication] ROP) and an internal control group (M2 [multiplication] M72) were designed to assess their production and dressing out parameters at harvest size for their potential commercial utilization. The fastest growth rate (standard length (SL): 405±21.91 mm, P<0.01) and the highest final live weight (FLW: 2015.70±323.92 g, P<0.01) were recorded in the PS [multiplication] ROP hybrid. The SL values in this group of carp were 12.5%, 19.12% and 11.57% higher (P<0.01) than those at M2 [multiplication] M72, PS and PS [multiplication] M72, respectively, and the FLW values were 21.57%, 62.83% and 24.37% higher (P<0.01) compared with M2 [multiplication] M72, PS and PS [multiplication] M72 hybrids respectively. Growth rate parameters of PS [multiplication] M72 hybrid and control group M2 [multiplication] M72 were practically identical. The lowest growth rate potential and FLW were recorded in the PS group (P<0.01). The highest (P<0.01) dressing out parameters were found in the control group of mirror carp M2 [multiplication] M72 with a dressing percentage of 65.64±2.11%. There were practically no differences in this parameter between scaly carp groups (PS: 61.79±2.82%, PS [multiplication] M72: 61.51±1.72%, PS [multiplication] ROP: 63.60±1.96%). This study shows evidence for faster somatic growth and bigger final weight in the hybrid line PS [multiplication] ROP of 3-year-old common carp compared with the pure line PS and the crossbreed PS [multiplication] M72.

Cytochemical study of carp neutrophil granulocytes after acute exposure to cadmium

The aim of this study was determination of metabolical changes in neutrophil granulocytes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after acute exposure to cadmium chloride. Cytochemical examination of neutrophil granulocytes was performed on 20 control and 20 experimental specimens of 1- to 2-year-old common carp after 96 h of exposure to cadmium chloride in a concentration of 12.5 mg L−1. We detected an increase of glycogen and lipid content and a decrease of peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase content in neutrophil granulocytes of the experimental group of carp when compared with the control group.

Genetic characterization of wild Dutch common carp (Cyprinus carpioL.)

Six male carp, caught in the water system surrounding the Anna Paulowna (AP) Polder in The Netherlands, were characterized using allozyme and microsatellite markers. At the sMDH-A1,2* loci an allele was found, which has previously only been found in wild River Rhine and wild Vietnamese common carp. Microsatellite allele frequencies showed that these AP carp were significantly different from a group of carp originating from several different domesticated strains. Based on both allozyme and microsatellite data, the AP carp probably originated from a wild or feral self-sustaining population.

Growth performance studies in transgenic Cyprinus carpio

Two growth experiments with transgenic common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) containing growth hormone (GH) gene constructs were conducted in earthen ponds using the communal testing method. The first experiment was performed in summer under optimal growth conditions (high ambient temperatures and optimal feeding). It tested three groups of F 2 transgenic carp containing the FV-1/csGH gene construct (the common carp β-actin proximal promoter fused to the chinook salmon growth hormone cDNA) from different integration events, and a non-transgenic control group. No significant difference in growth rates was found between the transgenic groups and the control. The second experiment was performed in winter under low ambient temperatures and minimal feeding. It compared three groups of fish: one group of F 1 transgenic carp had the FV-1/csGH gene construct; another the FV-2/cGH gene construct—a complete common carp β-actin promoter ( Liu et al., 1990) fused to the common carp growth hormone cDNA; and the third was a non-transgenic control group of the commercial carp in Israel. In this experiment, the two transgenic groups showed higher growth rates as compared to the control ( P<0.001).

Lipid deposition in intestine as a possible cause of malabsorption of nutrients in zinc-deficient common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

An experiment was performed to examine the interaction between Zn deficiency and lipid intake in carp. The carp were given a high-lipid diet that was either Zn-deficient (ZD) or Zn-supplemented (ZS), or were pair-fed (PF) the ZS diet to the intake of the ZD group. After 8 weeks the carp were killed and measurements were made of intestinal glucose uptake, levels of DNA, RNA and triacylglycerol, and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity in liver and intestine samples. A further group of similar carp were given the same diets but at week 8 were transferred to low-lipid diets, with the exception of half the ZD group. After a further 8 weeks of treatment, carps were killed for biochemical studies. Intestinal [14C]glucose uptake, levels of DNA, RNA and alkaline phosphatase activity in intestine and liver were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the high-lipid ZD group than in the high-lipid ZS and PF diet groups. The triacylglycerol concentration in the intestine was higher in the high-lipid ZD group than in the other two groups. When the carp were given the corresponding low-lipid diets, the variables measured in intestine and liver of the ZD group were close to those of the other groups. The results of this study demonstrate that lipid, when present in excess in the diet, accumulates in the intestine under Zn-deficient conditions and may reduce the absorption of glucose in carp. The reduced RNA and DNA levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in liver and intestine of ZD fish compared with those of ZS fish given high-lipid diets is proposed to be due to the malabsorption of nutrients linked with lipid deposition in the intestine, rather than their dependence on the level of Zn in the diet.