Group K1 Research Articles

Fabrication of drug loaded polylactic acid/keratin/polyethylene glycol GTR membrane for periodontal application

This study proposes the fabrication of, amoxicillin-loaded composite GTR membranes from polylactic acid (PLA), wool keratin (WK), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for periodontal therapy. Deep eutectic solvents were employed for the extraction of keratin from wool fibers. For the preparation of the control (C), PLA and PEG were dissolved in a ratio of 60:40 in chloroform. While the experimental groups K2 and K3 were prepared by adding, 2% and 3% WK powder, respectively, to the control mixture. To prepare the experimental groups K2-D and K3-D, 1% AMOX-treated WK powder was mixed with the previously mentioned groups. The prepared GTR membrane was characterized using various analytical techniques. The treatment of sheep wool and the presence of AMOX in the experimental groups were confirmed using FTIR analysis. The Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the prepared GTR membranes showed voids and presented a conglomerated appearance. The K2 had the highest tensile strength, whereas K2-D and K3-D which contained drugs had lower tensile strengths but significant antibacterial activity. K2 experienced the greatest mass change after 1 h, while K2-D and K3-D experienced the least. Each membrane was found to be hydrophilic. The Alamar Blue Assay revealed good biocompatibility.

The Effect of Mung Bean Sprout Extract (Phaseolus radiatus L.) on Catalase Levels in Male Wistar Rats Induced Paraquat Herbicide

Background Exposure to herbicide paraquat affects the body's organs of antioxidants that can exceed the capacity of antioxidant enzymes in the human body which causes the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). cause oxidative stress. This causes the endogenous antioxidants to decrease so prevention requires exogenous antioxidants such as mung bean sprout supplements. The effect of mung bean sprouts can reduce oxidative stress caused by the herbicide paraquat. This study aimed to determine the effect of mung bean sprout extract on catalase levels in male Wistar rats induced with paraquat herbicide. Methods This research is experimental with a posttest-only controlled Group Design. The research subjects were 25 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 5 groups, namely K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5. Groups K3, K4, and K5 were given a green bean sprout extract supplement at 21.6 mg/200 g BW/day, 43.2 mg/200 g BW/day, and 86.4 mg/200 g BW/day. 16 blood samples were taken for examination of catalase levels. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The mean catalase level was highest in the K1 group compared to the K3, K4, and K5 groups. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test on catalase levels showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.000). Conclusions Supplementing green bean sprout extract with doses of 21.6 mg/200 g BW/day, 43.2 mg/200 g BW/day and 86.4 mg/200 g BW/day could increase catalase levels in male Wistar rats induced by paraquat herbicide.

Construction of a new prognostic model for colorectal cancer based on bulk RNA-seq combined with The Cancer Genome Atlas data.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, and improving the prognosis of CRC patients is an urgent concern. The aim of this study was to explore new immunotherapy targets to improve survival in CRC patients. We analyzed CRC-related single-cell data GSE201348 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, we performed differential analysis on the rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) transcriptome sequencing data [The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CRC queue] and clinical data downloaded from TCGA database. Subgroup analysis was performed using CIBERSORTx and cluster analysis. Finally, biomarkers were identified by one-way cox regression as well as least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. In this study, we analyzed CRC-related single-cell data GSE201348, and identified 5,210 DEGs. Subsequently, we performed differential analysis on the TCGA-CRC queue database, and obtained 4,408 DEGs. Then, we categorized the cancer samples in the sequencing data into three groups (k1, k2, and k3), with significant differences observed between the k1 and k2 groups via survival analysis. Further differential analysis on the samples in the k1 and k2 groups identified 1,899 DEGs. A total of 77 DEGs were selected among those DEGs obtained from three differential analyses. Through subsequent Cox univariate analysis and LASSO analysis, seven biomarkers (RETNLB, CLCA4, UGT2A3, SULT1B1, CCL24, BMP5, and ATOH1) were identified and selected to establish a risk score (RS). To sum up, this study demonstrates the potential of the seven-gene prognostic risk model as instrumental variables for predicting the prognosis of CRC.

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) Glucomannan Effects on Obese White Rat Feed Intake and Body Weight

Obesity significantly raises the rates of illness and death in humans due to its association with several health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, depression, breast cancer, and colon cancer. This study aims to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and glucomannan (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) on feed intake and body weight of obese white rats. This study used an experimental method with a pretest-posttest-only control grub design using 24 white male rats of the Wistar strain aged 8 weeks which were divided into 2 control groups, namely positive(K1) and negative(K2) and six treatment groups with extract doses Moringa oleifera leaves and glucomannan (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) 100mg/kgBW:100mg/kgBW(K3), 80mg/kgBW:120mg/kgBW(K4), 120mg/kgBW: 80mg/kgBW(K5), 50mg/kgBW:50mg/kgBW(K6), 40mg/kgBW:60mg/kgBW(K7), and 60mg/kgBW:40mg/kgBW(K8). Data analysis on body weight and feed intake used the SPSS ANOVA test and paired T-test. The results of the paired T-test (p<0.05) showed that Moringa oleifera leaf extract and glucomannan (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) significantly reduced body weight and feed intake. In conclusion, administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and glucomannan (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) in group K4 (80 mg/kgBW Moringa oleifera leaf extract: 120 mg/kgBW glucomannan Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) can reduce feed intake (4.29 g) and body weight (36.67 g) effectively.

THE EFFECT OF LEMON SKIN EXTRACT ON URIC ACID LEVELS OF HYPERURICEMIA MALE WISTAR RATS

Background: Uric acid is a metabolic process produced by each individual through the breakdown of purines carried out in the liver. Increased level of uric acid in blood is called hyperuricemia, which might cause gout if it is not treated properly. Lemon (Citrus Limon.) contains flavonoids which act as antioxidants and have the potential as antihyperuricemia Aim: This paper aimed to study the effect of lemon seed extract on uric acid levels Methods: Thirty-six male wistar rats from Farmhouse Ungaran were randomly divided into 6 groups, consists of healthy control group, hyperuricemic control, Allopurinol control, and treatment groups (3 groups). Hyperuricemia was induced by the administration of block broth and potassium oxonate for 4 weeks. Lemon seed extract doses of 17,5, 35, and 70 mg/kg BW, and Allopurinol 90 mg/kg BW was given orally for 2 weeks. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate differences among groups before and after the intervention. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0,05) in uric acid levels before and after intervention of lemon peel extract in groups K1, K2, and P3. Meanwhile, in groups K0, P1, and P2, there were no significant differences. In the pre-test uric acid levels, there was a significant difference (p<0,05) between the K0 group and K1, K2, P1, P2, and P3. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the uric level acid of the treatment and control group after intervention, but there were significant differences in the effects of graded doses between the treatment groups.

Determination of Serum Arginase-1 Concentrations and Serum Arginase Activity for the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis.

Backgroud: Endometriosis remains a diagnostic challenge, both clinically and economically, affecting 6% to 15% of women of child-bearing potential. We have attempted to determine whether testing serum concentrations and activity of arginase isoenzymes could be useful for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. Methods: This study involved 180 women (105 endometriosis subjects-study group B; 22 subjects with other benign gynaecological conditions-control group 1-K1, both undergoing surgery; and 53 healthy subjects without features of endometriosis-control group 2-K2). Results: Preoperative and postoperative arginase-1 (Arg-1) concentrations were significantly higher in patients, as compared with the control groups K1 (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005, respectively) and K2 (both p < 0.0001). Similarly, arginase activity was significantly higher in patients than in the control group K1 before surgery and higher than in both control groups after surgery. No significant differences in either Arg-1 concentrations or arginase activity were noted between the operated control group K1 and the non-operated control group K2. A significant postoperative decrease in Arg-1 concentration was observed within both patient (p < 0.0001) and control group K1 (p = 0.0043). Diagnostic performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method. The threshold for differentiation between endometriosis patients and healthy non-operated controls was 42.3 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 81%. For differentiation of patients and operated controls with benign gynaecological conditions, the threshold was 78.4 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 95%. Conclusions: We, therefore, conclude that Arg-1 serum concentrations and arginase activity could be considered potential biomarkers for endometriosis but require further studies on larger cohorts of patients.

Effect of Petai Bark Extract Gel on Tyrosinase and TRP1 Gene Expression (In Vivo Experimental Study on Hyperpigmented Wistar Mice Exposed to UVB Model)

UVB irradiation can induce the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which causes activation of melanin synthesis through activation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP1). Secondary metabolites contained in petai peel extract are known to play a role in inhibiting ROS production due to exposure to UVB rays. This study aims to determine the effect of administering petai peel extract gel on the expression of the tyrosinase and TRp1 genes in mouse skin tissue exposed to UVB. The research design was posttest only control group with a completely randomized design method. The samples studied were 24 mice exposed to UVB light with a wavelength of 302 nm and an energy of 390mJ/cm2/day 3 times a week for 2 weeks. This research was carried out in four groups, namely the healthy group (K1), the negative control group (K2), treatment 1 (K3) with 10% petai peel extract gel and treatment 2 (K4) with 20% petai peel extract gel. Tyrosinase and TRP1 gene expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. qRT-PCR analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in tyrosinase and TRP1 gene expression between groups K3 (tyrosinase 3,19±2,12 and TRP1 4,96±3,42) and K4 (tyrosinase 0,65±0,44 and TRP1 2,22±1,18) compared to group K2 (tyrosinase 17,92±3,77 and TRP1 35,91±4,52). Administration of petai peel extract gel can reduce the expression of tyrosinase and TRP1 genes in hyperpigmentation mice exposed to UVB light.

Formulation and Test of Burns Healing Effects of Preparations Cream Extract Leaf Nangka Kuning (Vincetoxicum villosum (Blume) Kuntze)

V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze shows inhibition of the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is usually the cause of infection in burn wounds. The aim of this research was to formulate V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract into a cream preparation and determine the time needed for V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract cream to heal burn wounds in rabbits. This research was a type of experimental research. The research was conducted at the University of Bengkulu Laboratory in September 2022-August 2023. The equipment used was the Ohaus Starter 3100 brand pH meter and the NDJ-8S viscometer. The materials used are V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract, mice, ethanol solvent. Oil-in-water (O/W) phase cream formulation with 3 variations of stearic acid and triethonolamine emulsifiers (15:4), (16:3) and (17:2). Then the three formulas were evaluated for their preparations which included organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, adhesion tests, spreadability tests, viscosity tests and descriptive stability tests. The activity test against burn wound infections used rabbits consisting of groups K1 (without treatment), K2 (given 0.2% hyaluronic acid cream), P1 (given 2% V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract), and P2 (given 2% V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract cream). Groups K2, P1 and P2 showed perfect wound healing on day 12. Meanwhile group K1 experienced incomplete wound healing until day 14. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the cream formulations I, II and III were declared stable at a temperature of 25º and the extract cream Kuntze V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaves showed complete wound healing in 12 days. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test obtained p value = 0.670 &gt; 0.05, which means there is no difference in the length of the healing process for all treatments.

The role of continuous moderate-intensity exercise on increasing collagen density after tooth extraction

Background: The wound healing process post-extraction is expected to be quick, which can reduce the risk of complications and restore normal tissue function. A minimum oxygen supply needs to be met so that acceleration of the wound healing process can occur. Wound healing can be accelerated by continuous moderate-intensity exercise with increasing tissue oxygenation. Collagen requires oxygen in the procollagen formation process to support wound healing. Purpose: This study aimed to prove the role of continuous moderate-intensity exercise in increasing collagen density in the dental sockets of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after tooth extraction. Methods: Four groups of Wistar rats were created: control groups K1 (on day 3) and K2 (on day 7), and treatment groups K3 (on day 3) and K4 (on day 7). K1 and K2 were submerged in a bucket of water, and K3 and K4 received daily moderate-intensity exercise for a duration of two weeks. The rats’ incisors were extracted on the day 15. Post-extraction collagen density was measured on day 3 (K1 and K3) and on day 7 (K2 and K4). The one-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: There was a significant difference between all groups (p: 0.0001; p&lt;0.05). Group K4 had a higher collagen density than the other groups. Conclusion: Continuous moderate-intensity exercise played a role in increasing the density of collagen in the rat tooth socket after tooth extraction.

The Effect of Secretome Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cells (SH-MSCs) in Reducing P65 and TNF-Α Gene Expression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic syndrome characterized by a chronic inflammation and an increase of androgen production in ovarian theca cells.1 The expression of the p65 gene and TNF-α was found to be intracellular inflammation markers in PCOS patients. Previous studies have indicated that the Secretome of hypoxia mesenchymal stem cells (SH-MSCs) has anti-inflammatory properties and is widely reported to be effective in treating various diseases. An experimental study by using the Post Test Only Control Group Design method. This study involved 24 female wistar rats divided into 4 groups. Group K1 consisted of healthy rats, K2 PCOS rats without any treatment, K3 PCOS rats treated with 200μL dose of SH-MSCs, and K4 PCOS rats treated with 400μL dose of SH-MSCs. On the 33rd day, the rats underwent an examination of the p65 and TNF-α gene expression. The result of Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene test indicated that the data were normally distributed and homogenous. In One-Way ANOVA test, groups K III and K IV of PCOS rats showed significantly lower changes in the expression of the p65 and TNF-α genes compared to the control group (p&lt;0.05). The result of Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in TNF-α gene expression among the groups (p &lt;0.05). While, the post hoc Tamhane test showed significant differences in p65 gene expression among the groups (p&lt;0.05). SH-MSCs given at a dose of 200 µL/kgBW and 400 µL/kgBW had an effect in reducing the expression of the p65 gene and TNF-α gene on female wistar rats of PCOS model.

Effect of Petai Skin Extract Gel Administration on MITF Gene Expression and Melanin Count (in Vivo Experimental Study on Hyperpigmented Wistar Mice Exposed to UVB Exposed Hyperpigmentation)

Prolonged exposure to high intensity UVB rays can induce the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which causes MITF activation thereby inducing melanin synthesis. Compounds contained in petai peel extract are known to play a role in inhibiting ROS production due to exposure to UVB rays. This study aims to determine the effect of administering petai peel extract gel on MITF gene expression and the amount of melanin in the skin tissue of mice exposed to high-intensity UVB. The research design was posttest only control group with a completely randomized design method. The samples studied were 24 mice exposed to UVB light with a wavelength of 302 nm and an energy of 390 mJ/cm2/day 3 times a week for 2 weeks. This research was carried out in four groups, namely the healthy group (K1), the negative control group (K2), treatment 1 (K3) with 10% petai peel extract gel and treatment 2 (K4) with 20% petai peel extract gel. MITF gene expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR and melanin was observed by specific staining with fontana-masson. qRT-PCR analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in MITF gene expression between groups K4 and K3 compared to group K2. Analysis of the amount of melanin also showed that there was a significant decrease in the mean in the K3 and K4 groups compared to K2 with a p value &lt;0.05. Administration of petai peel extract gel can reduce the expression of the MITF gene and the amount of melanin in hyperpigmentation mice exposed to UVB light.

Grothendieck groups of d-exangulated categories and a modified Caldero-Chapoton map

A strong connection between cluster algebras and representation theory was established by the cluster category. Cluster characters, like the original Caldero-Chapoton map, are maps from certain triangulated categories to cluster algebras and they have generated much interest. Holm and Jørgensen constructed a modified Caldero-Chapoton map from a sufficiently nice triangulated category to a commutative ring, which is a generalised frieze under some conditions. In their construction, a quotient K0sp(T)/M of a Grothendieck group of a cluster tilting subcategory T is used. In this article, we show that this quotient is the Grothendieck group of a certain extriangulated category, thereby exposing the significance of it and the relevance of extriangulated structures. We use this to define another modified Caldero-Chapoton map that recovers the one of Holm–Jørgensen.We prove our results in a higher homological context. Suppose S is a (d+2)-angulated category with subcategories X⊆T⊆S, where X is functorially finite and T is 2d-cluster tilting, satisfying some mild conditions. We show there is an isomorphism between the Grothendieck group K0(S,EX,sX) of the category S, equipped with the d-exangulated structure induced by X, and the quotient K0sp(T)/N, where N is the higher analogue of M above. When X=T the isomorphism is induced by the higher index with respect to T introduced recently by Jørgensen. Thus, in the general case, we can understand the map taking an object in S to its K0-class in K0(S,EX,sX) as a higher index with respect to the rigid subcategory X.

Bay Leaf (Syzygium Polyanthum) Extract Effect on IL-10 and IL-6 Gene Expression in Traumatic Ulcer

The aims of this research is to prove the effect of bay leaf extract gel on IL-10 and IL-6 gene expression in traumatic ulcers. The research method using In vivo experimental study with a randomized posttest-only control group design. The total sample was 24 male Wistar rats, divided into four groups. Group K1 (given base gel), group K2 (given Kenalog in Orabase), group K3 (10% bay leaf extract gel), and group K4 (15% bay leaf extract gel) were given treatment for 5 days. IL-6 and IL-10 levels were tested using the One-Way Anova test, followed by the Tamhane Post Hoc test. This study revealed that there was a difference in IL-6 levels in the K4 group compared to the K1 group sig. (p = 0.007) and a significant difference in IL-10 levels in the K4 group compared to the K1 group. (p = 0.003) after being given topical treatment with bay leaf extract gel. The conclusion of this research is treatment with 15% bay leaf gel extract (Syzygium polyanthum) was proven to significantly increase IL-10 gene expression and decrease IL-6 gene expression in Wistar rats model of traumatic ulcers.

The spectral property of hypergraph coverings

Let H be a connected m-uniform hypergraph, and let A(H) be the adjacency tensor of H whose spectrum is simply called the spectrum of H. Let s(H) denote the number of eigenvectors of A(H) associated with the spectral radius, and c(H) denote the number of eigenvalues of A(H) with modulus equal to the spectral radius, which are respectively called the stabilizing index and cyclic index of H. Let H¯ be a k-fold covering of H which can be obtained from some permutation assignment in the symmetric group Sk on H. In this paper, we first characterize the connectedness of H¯ by its incidence graph and the permutation assignment, and then investigate the relationship between the spectral property of H and that of H¯. By applying module theory and group representation, if H¯ is connected, we prove that s(H)|s(H¯) and c(H)|c(H¯). In particular, when H¯ is a 2-fold covering of H, if m is even, we show that regardless of multiplicities, the spectrum of H¯ contains the spectrum of H and the spectrum of a signed hypergraph with H as underlying hypergraph; if m is odd, we give an explicit formula for s(H¯). We also find some differences on the spectral property between hypergraph coverings and graph coverings by examples.

Comparison of intubating conditions in supine (sniffing) and 25° back-up position using channelled and non-channelled video laryngoscopes - A randomised controlled study.

The 25°back-up position is proposed to increase the efficacy of preoxygenation and provide better tracheal intubating conditions when using a direct laryngoscope. This study aimed to compare the ease of tracheal intubation between supine and 25° back-up positions when using two video laryngoscopes (VLS). One hundred adults with normal airways and belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classes I and II, requiring general anaesthesia, were randomised in groups K and M. The trachea was intubated using King Vision and McGrath VLS in either supine (groups K1 and M1) or 25° back-up (groups K2 and M2) positions. The 25° backup position was given by raising the operating table from the horizontal position by flexing the torso at the hips so that an imaginary line connected the patient's external auditory meatus to the sternal notch. Modified Intubation Difficulty Scale (mIDS) was the primary outcome, and intubation time, the number of intubation attempts, vital parameters, and complications were compared secondarily. Statistical analysis was done using MedCalc software by applying an independent t-test for parametric data and a Chi-square test for categorical data and finding the risk ratio. Mean (Standard deviation) mIDS was significantly reduced using both VLS in the 25° back-up position [0.92 (0.75) versus 0.48 (0.58), P = 0.025, degree of freedom (DF): 48, mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]):-0.44 (-0.821 to - 0.059) in group K1 versus group K2 and 0.76 (0.59) versus 0.36 (0.48), P = 0.012, DF: 48, mean difference (95% CI): -0.40(-0.706 to - 0.094) in group M1 versus group M2, respectively]. The risk ratio comparing both the positions for the total number of patients requiring manoeuvres during intubation using both the VLS was 0.48 with P = 0.0004 and 95% CI = 0.305 - 0.765. Intubation time was shorter in the 25° backup position by using King Vision (P = 0.005) and McGrath (P = 0.042) VLS. The 25° backup position helps provide ease of intubation using both the channelled (King Vision) and non-channelled (McGrath) VLS.

Histopathological of Mice (Mus musculus) Liver Induced by Lead (Pb) Orally

Lead (Pb) is a prominent heavy metal emitted by motor vehicle exhausts, factory and mining fumes. Its presence in the atmoshpere can endure for up to seven days, posing a considerable risk of contaminating surrounding food and beverages. Lead enters the body through inhalation and the skin. Lead can also enter the human body via the oral route and accumulate in the body. It causes health problems such as oxidative stress and damage human organs such as the kidneys and liver. This research aims to examine the effect of oral lead exposure on the liver histopathology of Swiss Webster strain mice (Mus musculus). Employing a non-probability sampling technique, 25 male mice were divided into 5 groups: negative control, K2, K3, K4 and K5. These mice were administered a daily oral dose of 0.5 mL and subsequently euthanized in CO2 chamber the following week for liver dissection. The findings reveal signs of hydropic degeneration characterized by cellular swelling, irregular shapes, and disrupted organelles in groups K2, K3, K4, and K5. In addition, the mean degree of liver damage was observed as 0 for the negative control, 1 for group K2, 1 for group K3, 2 for group K4, and 3 for group K5. In conclsuin, this study confirms that lead exposure can result in dentrimenal liver histopathology changes in mice.

The Effect of Coconut Water on Decreasing MDA and IL-6 Levels in Male Wistar Rats Induced with High-Fat Diet

Dyslipidemia is a condition in which there are abnormal levels of lipids in the blood, including increased levels of cholesterol, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), and triglyceride levels, as well as decreased HDL levels (High-Density Lipoprotein) which causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results in tissue damage which triggers an inflammatory reaction that releases proinflammatory cytokines such asInterleukin-6 (IL-6) which increases in blood endothelial cells and triggers Malondialdehyde (MDA) which increases as a result presence of lipid oxidation in tissues. This condition can be neutralized by consuming antioxidants from outside the body such as young coconut water. This research aims to know the effect of giving young coconut water on the rate of MDA and IL-6 in male Wistar rats who are given a high-fat diet. The research method is a posttest-only control group design. The subjects of the study were 24 male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group K1 was given standard feed and distilled water. Group K2 was given a high-fat diet without coconut water. Groups K3 and K4 were given a highfat diet and young coconut water at doses of 4mL/200gBW/day and 8mL/200gBW/day, respectively. The study was conducted for 29 days by taking blood to check MDA levels using the TBARS and IL-6 methods using the ELISA method. The lowest average of MDA level was in the K3 group (0.071 ng/L) and the lowest average of IL-6 level was in the K4 group (4.377 ppm). Kruskal Wallis test result showed the p-value of MDA was 0.004 ppm and at IL-6 levels was 0.020 ng/L. Differences in MDA levels between groups K1-K2 (0.004), K2-K3 (0.004), and -K4 (0.004). Differences in IL-6 levels between groups K2-K3 (0.016), K2-K4 (0.004). The administration of coconut water can significantly reduce the levels of MDA and IL-6 in male Wistar rats induced with a high-fat diet.

Malondialdehyde Levels in Blood Serum of Wistar Rats After Exposure to Panoramic and Cephalometric Radiation (Experimental Laboratory Research)

Background: Panoramic and cephalometric radiographs are used in dentistry, especially orthodontics, sometimes accompanied by periapical examination. Behind the benefits of using radiography, there are disadvantages for the body, which cause changes in the normal cell arrangement, detected by increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum. Purpose: This study was to determine differences in blood serum MDA levels of wistar rats a few days after exposure to panoramic and cephalometric radiation. Materials and Methods: This study used 35 male Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus, weighing 200-250 grams, aged 3-4 months, in good physical health. Animals are divided into five groups. Group K did not do fixation and was not given radiation exposure; groups K1, K2, K3, and K4 underwent fixation were given radiation exposure, MDA levels were measured, groups K1, K2, K3, K4, day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after radiation exposure. MDA levels were measured by the thiobarbituric acid method using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 532nm. Results: There was a significant increase MDA levels in K1 (45.2704 + 2.08684). Significant decrease of MDA levels occurred in K2 (34.7747 + 7.90103), K3 (18.1266 + 5.33797), and K4 (12.0494 + 1.91399). Conclusion: There was an increase in MDA levels after radiation exposure, and MDA decreased significantly from the third to the seventh day after radiation exposure. However, MDA levels have not returned to normal.

Reduction of apparent temporal variations of tidal parameters by a proper local response model

We describe a new harmonic tidal analysis method, which constrains the solution to be near a reference model. This regularization stabilizes the linear regression, allowing us to infer model parameters for each tidal harmonic. This overcomes the need to create a priori groupings of harmonics. The inversion is done iteratively by adjusting the reference model to reduce the data misfit. The frequency dependence of the solution is thus data-driven. We find models for the different spherical degrees independently. Our procedure allows narrow-band variations of the tidal admittance. We test the hypothesis that some of the temporal variations of tidal parameters found in previous studies were caused by inappropriate body tide models in combination with a priori wave grouping. We determine a local response model from 11.5 years of data recorded by the superconducting gravimeter SG056 at Black Forest Observatory (BFO, Schiltach). Using this as an a priori model in a non-regularized moving window analysis of wave groups composed from summed harmonics, we find that periodic variations of groups M1, K1, mu 2, N2, L2, and S2 are reduced by up to a factor of 7 compared to earlier studies. Some variations previously seen in the M2 group are captured as well.

Effects of S-ketamine on Postoperative Recovery Quality and Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy.

S-ketamine plays an important role in reducing postoperative pain, but its impact on the quality of recovery in breast cancer has not been clarified. We designed this trial to explore the effects of s-ketamine on the quality of postoperative recovery and inflammatory response in modified radical mastectomy. A total of 138 patients were randomly assigned to group C (group control), group K1 (group of s-ketamine dose 1) and group K2 (group of s-ketamine dose 2). Groups K1 and K2 were given 0.1mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg s-ketamine intravenous (IV) after induction, followed by 0.1mg/kg/h or 0.2mg/kg/h continuous intravenous infusion, respectively. Group C received the same volume of saline. A 40-item Quality of Recovery Questionnaire (QoR-40) was used to assess the quality of recovery at 24h postoperatively. Changes in inflammatory markers, nociceptive thresholds, and the occurrence of adverse events were recorded at 24h postoperatively. The QoR-40 scores at 24h postoperatively were higher in group K2 [182.00 (179.00-185.00)] compared to group K1 [174.00 (169.50-180.50)] and group C [169.00 (163.75-174.25)] (group K2 vs. group K1, P < 0.001; group K2 vs. group C, P < 0.001). At 24h postoperatively, the neutrophil count, NLR (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio), and CRP (C-creative protein) were all significantly lower in group K2 than group C(P < 0.05), no differences were observed between group K1 and C(P > 0.05), group K1 and K2(P > 0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects among the three groups (P > 0.05). A high dose of s-ketamine improved the quality of recovery at 24h after surgery, as well as alleviated the inflammatory response without increasing the incidence of adverse effects.