Content Of Groups Research Articles

Turning coal hydrogenation liquefaction residue into high conductivity carbon black with magnesium citrate-assisted steam activation followed by high temperature treatment

The high conductivity carbon black was prepared using coal hydrogenation liquefaction residue as raw material, through a combination methods of solvent extraction purification, magnesium citrate-assisted carbonization, steam activation, and high-temperature treatment. The effects of carbonization and activation process parameters, heat treatment temperatures, and other factors on the microstructure, specific surface area, degree of graphitization, and conductivity of the carbon black were studied. The coal direct liquefaction residue was firstly purified using a xylene and tetrahydrofuran solution with a volume ratio of 1:1 by centrifugal separation method to obtain coal liquefaction asphalt. Then, the coal liquefaction asphalt was mixed with magnesium citrate in a mass ratio of 3:7 and ball-milled for 90 min. After carbonizing at 950 °C for 120 min, magnesium ions were leached out with hydrochloric acid. The obtained sample was activated with steam at 900 °C for 100 min and then underwent high-temperature treatment at 1500 °C under a N2 atmosphere for 120 min. The microstructure of the conductive carbon black exhibited an irregular blocky structure with an average particle size of 2–10 μm. The specific surface area of carbon material was 579.69 m2/g, with the pore distribution predominantly microporous, accounting for 69.81 % of the total pore volume. It featured a higher degree of graphitization (ID/IG=1.06) and fewer surface oxygen-containing functional groups compared with coal direct liquefaction residue. Electrochemical testing showed that the electrical resistance of the carbon material was only 1.55 Ω, and the reversible capacity under a current density of 1 A/g was 96 mAh/g, which are superior to those of the existing commercial conductive carbon black. The microporous structure and higher degree of graphitization facilitate efficient electron transmission, while the lower content of surface oxygen functional groups effectively reduces electron transfer resistance. This work offers new insights into the structural design and performance enhancement of coal liquefaction residue-derived conductive carbon black functional materials. Furthermore, it has significant implications for the future development of conductive carbon black in energy saving and energy storage.

Plastic film from the source of anaerobic digestion: Surface degradation, biofilm and UV response characteristics

This study simulates a major environmental scenario involving “organic fertilizer source” plastics, by exploring the key factors influencing the changes in plastic-films during anaerobic digestion (AD), as well as the responses of the anaerobically digested plastics to ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. The results demonstrate that the degradation effect of AD on plastics is reflected by their yellowish and ruptured appearance, slightly worn surfaces, hardening and opacity, and fragmentation. AD significantly increases the content of oxygen-containing functional groups and the degree of unsaturation in plastic films, with thermophilic temperature processes proving more effective than those conducted at mesophilic temperatures. Exposure to UV light has been found to amplify the degradative effects, suggesting the potential cumulative impact of AD and UV. Both AD and UV irradiation reduced the hydrophilicity of plastics. In particular, the hydrophobicity of polylactic acid films was completely disrupted under overlay-exposure. Furthermore, microbial populations on plastic surfaces were mainly bacterial. These bacterial populations were primarily influenced by temperature, and moderately by the plastic types. In contrast, archaea were predominantly affected by both temperature and digested substrate. This study offers a theoretical foundation for strategies aimed at preventing and controlling plastic pollution derived from organic fertilizers.

Influence of Chemical Structures on E-Beam Lithography Performance of Polysilsesquioxanes.

Hydrogenated silsesquioxane (HSQ) is a key inorganic electron beam resist, celebrated for its sub-10 nm resolution and etching resistance, but it faces challenges with stability and sensitivity. Our innovative study has comprehensively assessed the lithographic performance of three functionalized polysilsesquioxane (PSQ) resist series─olefins, halogenated alkanes, and alkanes─under electron beam lithography (EBL). We discovered that the addition of olefin groups, such as in the HMP-30 formulation with 30% propyl acrylate, remarkably increased the sensitivity to 0.6 μC/cm2. The inclusion of halogenated aromatic and hydrogen-substituted methyl groups further enhanced sensitivity and contrast, with HClBN-50 achieving a 22.9 nm resolution pattern. At the same time, the storage of PSQ resists was significantly improved compared to commercial HSQ with increasing alkane group content. Crucially, our research has unveiled the lithography reaction mechanism, highlighting how group encapsulation and steric hindrance influence PSQ performance. This insight is groundbreaking, offering a deeper understanding of the molecular structure-performance relationship and laying the groundwork for developing next-generation electron beam resists with superior sensitivity, resolution, and contrast for microelectronics manufacturing.

Dewatering promoting of carbon-rich coal gasification coarse slag by size reduction with surface modification

ABSTRACT Coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) has become a bulk coal-based solid waste that threatens the ecological environment. The high moisture content of carbon-rich coal coarse gasification slag (CR-CGCS) seriously limits its utilization. In this study, a pore water releasing method was proposed to promote the dewatering of CR-CGCS through size reduction with surface modification. Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and kerosene were added during the grinding process, respectively. The results showed that kerosene can significantly improve the dewatering efficiency of CR-CGCS more than CTAB and SDS. The final moisture content of the CR-CGCS could be reduced from 47.50% to 33.01%. The SEM and FTIR results illustrated that kerosene could effectively reduce the content of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of CR-CGCS more than CTAB and SDS. Meanwhile, the PVM results showed that CR-CGCS modified by kerosene tended to form hydrophobic agglomerates. The LF-NMR results indicated that only the water in the macropores of CR-CGCS could be released in grinding process, but the water in micropores could be reduced when kerosene, CTAB, or SDS was added in grinding. This study provides new insight into enhancing the dewatering of CR-CGCS and theoretical support for the efficient utilization of CR-CGCS.

Intercalation modified nano zirconium phosphate inhibitor for inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion

The synthesis and characterization of a modified zirconium phosphate (MZrP) nano-inhibitor for spontaneous coal combustion inhibition were explored through isooctylamine intercalation. Using oxidation experiment, FTIR and SEM, the variation rules of the characteristic parameters of the different coal samples were investigated. It was observed that MZrP exhibited enhanced dispersion within the coal matrix post-intercalation modification. As the MZrP concentration increased, there was a notable decrease in oxygen consumption rate, gas production concentration, and active group content in the coal, alongside a significant increase in apparent activation energy and inhibition efficacy. This enhanced inhibition is attributed to two primary mechanisms. Firstly, the hydrophilic nature of MZrP allows for its uniform distribution on the coal surface and within internal pores, creating a dense carbonized layer. This layer effectively retains moisture and isolates oxygen, enhancing physical inhibition. Secondly, MZrP inhibitor is thermally decomposed into phosphoric acid and its phosphoric acid derivatives, which can effectively capture the H- and -OH in the coal, and strengthens the inactivation of its reactive free radicals. The optimal inhibition was observed in coal samples treated with 6 wt% MZrP, exhibiting an average inhibition rate of 62.2 %, coupled with the lowest rates of gas production and oxygen consumption.

Nursing students training on domestic violence: How are we doing?

Introduction: Domestic violence is a public health problem. Evidence suggests deficits in nurses' knowledge and training in this area. Objectives: To identify the curricular units of the study plan for the Nursing degree course at a Health School in the north of Portugal that addresses the topic of domestic violence and identify improvement opportunities. Methodology: This is the first phase of an action-research study, with a qualitative exploratory and descriptive methodology and a non-probabilistic convenience sample. The following data collection instruments were used: documental analysis of the nursing degree study plan and a focus group with two fourth-year students and three professors. Results: No content related to the theme was identified in any of the curricular units. The focus group content analysis identified three categories: curricular program, importance of training, and opportunities for improvement. Conclusion: These results corroborate the available evidence, justifying and highlighting the relevance of the next phases of this study.

Preparation and Characterization of Multi-Network Crosslinked Gels for Preventing Spontaneous Combustion of Coal

ABSTRACT In order to improve the inhibition performance of a retardant in various stages of coal spontaneous combustion, this study selected guar gum (guar) mixed with sodium tetraborate to form a multi-web gel. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added for the insertion and modification to improve the physical inhibition effect. Furthermore, we compounded the composite guar/PEG with the chemical retardant 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid (HPAA) to prepare a composite retardant with the effect of full-stage inhibition. Multi-web gel composite inhibitor with a full-stage inhibition effect was prepared. Response surface analysis was used to determine the optimal solution. Scanning electron microscopy tests revealed that the surface folds of PEG/guar increased and the water retention capacity was greatly enhanced. The plugging wind experiment results show that the limiting air pressure of the gel material is 249 Pa, which can match the downhole plugging wind work. Using XRD experiments, the diffraction angle of PEG/guar was narrowed from 18.20° to 17.64°, the crystal layer spacing was increased from 4.8685 nm to 5.0218 nm, and PEG was successfully intercalated into the guar. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, it was found that the content of free hydroxyl groups and aliphatic groups became lower, and the content of carbonyl groups and ether bonds increased, which greatly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of coal. Using thermogravimetric analysis, the characteristic temperature points of single and composite inhibitors were examined macroscopically. The results showed that the inhibition treatment could obviously chelate the transition metal ions in the coal samples, which greatly inhibited the process of coal oxidation and achieved the purpose of inhibiting the spontaneous combustion of coal.

Study on the epoxy bonding properties of polyphenylene sulfide matrix composites reinforced by montmorillonite and basalt fiber

To improve the epoxy bonding properties of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) matrix composites, CK-MMT and K-BF were prepared by modifying montmorillonite (MMT) and basalt fiber (BF) with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) as the modifiers. CK-MMT/BF/TPU/PPS composites were prepared by injection moulding. The surface properties of the composites were tested and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. The epoxy bonding and mechanical properties were studied by combining the single-lap-joint tensile shear strength test and notched impact test. The results demonstrated the successful preparation of the modified MMT and BF. With the addition of CK-MMT and K-BF in different ratios, the surface roughness and the contents of polar groups of the composites increased, which could effectively improve the epoxy bonding properties of PPS matrix composites. When the additions of CK-MMT and K-BF were 10 and 25 wt%, respectively, the composites had the best overall properties. It demonstrated a single-lap-joint tensile shear strength was 7.56 MPa, representing a 220.34% increase over that of thermoplastic polyurethane/polyphenylene sulfide (TPU/PPS) and a 477.10% increase over that of pure PPS.

Effects of Fermented Herbal Extract as a Phytobiotic on Growth Indices, Moulting Performance, and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabr.)

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of adding fermented herbal extracts (FHE) derived from mulberry leaf (Morus alba), Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), and fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda) to the diet of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) on their growth, moulting performance, feed efficiency, and nutrient retention. The main feed used in this trial was a commercially manufactured pellet; then, five different doses of FHE supplementation were used: 0 mg/kg feed (P0, control), 50 mg/kg feed (P1), 100 mg/kg feed (P2), 150 mg/kg feed (P3), and 200 mg/kg feed (P4). Weight gain, average daily gain, and length gain of shrimps fed P2 were significantly higher than that of those fed the control diet. A similar result was observed in moulting performance. The application of P2 showed superior results in enhancing the feed efficiency of cultured shrimp. Thus, the protein and energy retention of P. monodon was significantly better in P2 treatment groups. P0 had the lowest crude protein, while shrimp on the P2 and P3 diets had the highest crude protein content of any treatment group. Crude lipid content was lower in shrimp fed diets supplemented with FHE compared to those fed the control diet. In addition, higher energy contents were found in P1 and P2 treatment groups. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the juvenile tiger shrimp diet contain 100 mg/kg of FHE for the best effects.

Imidazole ionic liquid effects on coal swelling behavior and pyrolysis characteristics: Experiment and molecular simulation

In view of low-rank coal conventional swelling solvent large pollution and the clean efficient utilization of coal, the effects of imidazole ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment with different anion groups as green solvent on coal thermal expansion and pyrolysis performance were investigated. IL interacts with coal molecules, destroying the hydrogen bonds, resulting coal expansion. Different anion groups have different modification effects, [Bmim]Cl has the best swelling effect, which is 17.37 % higher than raw coal, and the best modification time is 24 h. In addition, IL modification has a catalytic effect on coal pyrolysis, which can significantly reduce the maximum weight loss temperature and increase tar content. Coal solvent pretreatment provides a good theoretical basis for application of swelling and pyrolysis. The reduction of thermochemical reaction temperature not only reduces the content of heavy groups in pyrolysis products, but also provides new ideas for carbon emission reduction.

Effect of Mono- and Polysaccharide on the Structure and Property of Soy Protein Isolate during Maillard Reaction.

As a protein extracted from soybeans, soy protein isolate (SPI) may undergo the Maillard reaction (MR) with co-existing saccharides during the processing of soy-containing foods, potentially altering its structural and functional properties. This work aimed to investigate the effect of mono- and polysaccharides on the structure and functional properties of SPI during MR. The study found that compared to oat β-glucan, the reaction rate between SPI and D-galactose was faster, leading to a higher degree of glycosylation in the SPI-galactose conjugate. D-galactose and oat β-glucan showed different influences on the secondary structure of SPI and the microenvironment of its hydrophobic amino acids. These structural variations subsequently impact a variety of the properties of the SPI conjugates. The SPI-galactose conjugate exhibited superior solubility, surface hydrophobicity, and viscosity. Meanwhile, the SPI-galactose conjugate possessed better emulsifying stability, capability to produce foam, and stability of foam than the SPI-β-glucan conjugate. Interestingly, the SPI-β-glucan conjugate, despite its lower viscosity, showed stronger hypoglycemic activity, potentially due to the inherent activity of oat β-glucan. The SPI-galactose conjugate exhibited superior antioxidant properties due to its higher content of hydroxyl groups on its molecules. These results showed that the type of saccharides had significant influences on the SPI during MR.

Effect of onion skin powder on color, lipid, and protein oxidative stability of premade beef patty during cold storage

The impact of premade beef patty (BBP) with red onion skin powder (OSP) at 0, 1, 2, and 3% levels on color, lipid, and protein oxidative stability, and infection degree of microorganisms during cold storage was investigated. The objective was to determine the effect of color by L*, a*, b*, and the content of MetMb. The inhibitory effect of OSP on the oxidation of lipid and protein was studied based on TBARS and the carbonyl content of protein in samples at different storage times. TVB-N content was used to characterize the degree of infection of microorganisms and their effect on meat quality. The results showed that the addition of OSP reduced the pH, L *, a*, and b * values of BBP, and improved the hardness, springiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness of BBP, but had no significant effect on the chewiness of BBP (p > 0.05). After 12 days of storage, the carbonyl group and TBARS content in the BBP supplemented with 3%OSP was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of OSP significantly inhibited the TVB-N increase during beef patty storage. These results indicated that OSP has a good research prospect as a natural antioxidant or preservative.

One-pot amination and carboxylation functionalization of lignin for efficient adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cd(II): Influence of functional groups on adsorption equilibrium and mechanism

The removal of multiple heavy metal pollutants remains a challenge. Amination and carboxylation modified lignins (NCLs) prepared by one-pot hydrothermal method were used as adsorbents for Cr(VI) and Cd(II) removal. The oxygenous groups content in adsorbents was quantitatively analyzed by Boehm titration in which NCL10 (the mass ratio of citric acid: triethylene diamine = 10) possessed a maximum carboxyl group content of 1.22 mmol/g. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was the most suitable, with the highest theoretical adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) of 1298.6 and 103.1 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, FT-IR and XPS exhibited that NCL5 surface contained many functional groups beneficial to the removal of Cr(VI) and Cd(II). The contribution of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups to the removal of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) was quantitatively analyzed. After the blocking of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, the adsorption rate of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) decreased by 26.4 %, 67.7 % and 7.2 %, 43.3 %, respectively. This study provides effective strategies to overcome the limitations of lignin adsorbents for wastewaters containing a wide range of heavy metal pollutants.

The Effect of Ultrasound Treatment on the Structural and Functional Properties of Tenebrio molitor Myofibrillar Protein.

The objective of this study was to explore the impacts of various ultrasonic powers (0, 300, 500, 700, and 900 W) on the structure and functional attributes of the myofibrillar protein (MP) of Tenebrio molitor. As the ultrasonic intensity escalated, the extraction efficiency and yield of the MP rose, while the particle size and turbidity decreased correspondingly. The reduction in sulfhydryl group content and the increase in carbonyl group content both suggested that ultrasonic treatment promoted the oxidation of the MP to a certain extent, which was conducive to the formation of a denser and more stable gel network structure. This was also affirmed by SEM images. Additionally, the findings of intrinsic fluorescence and FTIR indicated that high-intensity ultrasound significantly altered the secondary structure of the protein. The unfolding of the MP exposed more amino acid residues, the α-helix decreased, and the β-helix improved, thereby resulting in a looser and more flexible conformation. Along with the structural alteration, the surface hydrophobicity and emulsification properties were also significantly enhanced. Besides that, SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the MP of T. molitor was primarily composed of myosin heavy chain (MHC), actin, myosin light chain (MLC), paramyosin, and tropomyosin. The aforementioned results confirmed that ultrasonic treatment could, to a certain extent, enhance the structure and function of mealworm MP, thereby providing a theoretical reference for the utilization of edible insect proteins in the future, deep-processing proteins produced by T. molitor, and the development of new technologies.

Effects of Dietary Lipid Levels on the Growth, Muscle Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Deposition in Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio).

In fish, increasing the crude lipid level of feed can save protein and improve feed utilization. Mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most widely farmed fish species in the world. In this study, mirror carp larvae were fed isonitrogenous diets with different lipid levels (3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, and 13%). The rearing trial lasted for eight weeks. The results revealed that when the fat content was 9%, the AWGR, WGR, and FCR were highest, whereas FCR was lowest. The AWGR was correlated with the dietary lipid level, and the regression equation was y = -2.312x2 + 45.01x + 214.49. Compared with those in the control group, the T-CHO and TG contents were significantly greater in the 13% lipid content groups and significantly lower in the 9% lipid content groups (p < 0.05). In terms of muscle quality, the contents of MUFAs, PUFAs, and DHA + EPA were significantly greater than those in the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Oil red O staining revealed a lipid content of 13% with severe fat deposition. In addition, the results of the analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity revealed that the activities of GSH, CAT and T-AOC were significantly greater at the 9% lipid content, and that the MDA content was significantly greater at the 13% lipid content (p < 0.05). Similarly, the mRNA levels of GH, IGF-I, FAS, and LPL were significantly highest at a lipid level of 9% (p < 0.05). The above results revealed that the optimal dietary lipid requirement for the fast growth of mirror carp (6.86 ± 0.95 g) was 9.74% on the basis of nonlinear regression analysis of the AWGR. The dietary lipid level (9%) improved the growth, stress resistance, and lipid utilization of mirror carp to a certain extent.

Elastin-specific MR probe for visualization and evaluation of an interleukin-1β targeted therapy for atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the arteries and represents the primary cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Despite ongoing progress, finding effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis remains a challenge. Here, we assessed the potential of molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the effects of 01BSUR, an anti-interleukin-1β monoclonal antibody, for treating atherosclerosis in a murine model. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were divided into a therapy group (01BSUR, 2 × 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously, n = 10) and control group (no treatment, n = 10) and received a high-fat diet for eight weeks. The plaque burden was assessed using an elastin-targeted gadolinium-based contrast probe (0.2 mmol/kg intravenously) on a 3 T MRI scanner. T1-weighted imaging showed a significantly lower contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratio in the 01BSUR group (pre: 3.93042664; post: 8.4007067) compared to the control group (pre: 3.70679168; post: 13.2982156) following administration of the elastin-specific MRI probe (p < 0.05). Histological examinations demonstrated a significant reduction in plaque size (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in plaque elastin content (p < 0.05) in the treatment group compared to control animals. This study demonstrated that 01BSUR hinders the progression of atherosclerosis in a mouse model. Using an elastin-targeted MRI probe, we could quantify these therapeutic effects in MRI.

Impact of ultraviolet radiation energy curing UV primer on adhesion of bamboo lumber surfaces and colorimetry of UV inkjet coatings

ABSTRACT The application of UV digital inkjet printing technology in the home furnishing industry has greatly enriched the diversity of decorative panels. Controlling the UV radiation energy curing UV primers process has a significant impact on the performance of UV printing coatings on bamboo surfaces. The results showed that the UV radiation energy is in the range of 60∼300 mJ cm−2, the adhesion of the UV primer on the surface of bamboo is the best when it is controlled at 180 mJ cm−2, which reaches the standard of 0 level; when the radiation energy reaches 240 mJ cm−2, the content of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the primer is higher, the surface wettability is the best, and the roughness is also relatively high. When the radiation energy reaches 360 mJ cm−2, radiation energy that is too high would reduce the adhesion performance of the UV primer on the surface of bamboo lumber. In addition, the gloss difference of the UV ink coatings between adjacent parameter samples is small, while the color difference is more obvious. The energy of UV radiation should be controlled in the range of 180∼240 mJ cm−2 in the actual production application.

Changes in Soil Aggregate Carbon Components and Responses to Plant Input during Vegetation Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China.

Vegetation restoration is an effective measure to cope with global climate change and promote soil carbon sequestration. However, during vegetation restoration, the turnover and properties of carbon within various aggregates change. The effects of plant source carbon input on surface soil and subsurface soil may be different. Thus, the characteristics of carbon components in aggregates are affected. Therefore, the research object of this study is the Robinia pseudoacacia forest located in 16-47a of the Loess Plateau, and compared with farmland. The change characteristics of organic carbon functional groups in 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm soil layers were analyzed by Fourier near infrared spectroscopy, and the relationship between the chemical structure of organic carbon and the content of organic carbon components in soil aggregates was clarified, and the mechanism affecting the distribution of organic carbon components in soil aggregates was revealed in the process of vegetation restoration. The results show the following: (1) The stability of surface aggregates is sensitive, while that of deep aggregates is weak. Vegetation restoration increased the surface soil organic carbon content by 1.97~3.78 g·kg-1. (2) After vegetation restoration, the relative contents of polysaccharide functional groups in >0.25 mm aggregates were significantly reduced, while the relative contents of aromatic and aliphatic functional groups of organic carbon were significantly increased. The opposite is true for aggregates smaller than 0.25 mm. (3) With the increase in soil depth, the effect of litter on organic carbon gradually decreased, while the effect of root input on the accumulation of inert carbon in deep soil was more lasting.

Effect of transglutaminase on the structure, properties and oil absorption of wheat flour

The structure, properties, as well as the oil absorption characteristics of wheat flour (WF) treated with varying concentrations of transglutaminase (TG) (0 U/g ∼ 50 U/g) were characterized. The content of free amino groups in WF modified by TG (TG-WF) decreased and protein aggregated. The isopeptide bonds and disulfide bonds played important roles in protein crosslinking. The thermal stability, the peak viscosity after gelatinization and protein secondary structure stability of TG-WF were improved. In addition, the oil absorption and surface oil content of TG-WF after frying were reduced. TG enhanced the protein-protein interactions in WF, so that protein played barrier roles in the process of high-temperature frying, protecting the starch particles covered by them from the infiltration of oil, thus reducing the oil absorption of TG-WF during frying. Among them, the oil content of TG-WF-30 U/g after frying was the lowest, which decreased by 10.73 % compared with the control group.

Biochemical and morphological blood parameters and the level of natural resistance of imported cows in Armenia

The article presents the results of a comparative study morphological and biochemical features of blood and indicators natural resistance of imported Holstein cows, Simmental and brown Swiss cows, in the conditions of the farm LLC “Agroholding Armenia” near the city of Spitak, mountainous area of the Republic Armenia. For the purpose of conducting the experiment, 3 groups of animals were formed I – Holstein, II – Simmental and III – brown Swiss, 15 heads each one. The groups were compiled using the method of analog groups. Conditions the contents and feeding were the same and in accordance with the accepted According to the technology, the cows had an average fatness. The results of our research have been confirmed, what are the fluctuations morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of the bred farms of imported breeds have minor difference from existing physiological norms, but according to the content of cow globulin groups II and III were inferior to the norm, which may be due to pedigree features in the existing conditions of feeding and maintenance. Hematological date and indicators of natural resistance they testify to the best adaptive qualities and adaptive the possibilities of imported animals.