Group AB Research Articles

Correlation Between Emotional Intelligence and Blood Groups Among Medical Students

Background: Emotional intelligence, known as emotional quotient or EQ, is the ability to understand, use and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively and empathize with others. There are numerous lines of evidence that show the influence of blood groups on skills and abilities related to EQ. This study aims to compare the EQ-related skills and abilities among medical students with various blood groups. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College from November 2021 to May 2022. Sample were collected from Chattagram Maa-OShishu Hospital Medical College and Southern Medical College. The responses are entered as data into the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and the qualitative data is analyzed using chi square test and the quantitative data is compared using the Bonferroni version of the ANOVA test. Results: The most frequent blood group is B in this study. Overall, students with blood group AB scored the most with 23.08% of them scoring more than or equal to 120. On the other hand, students of blood group O scored the least, with only 14.81% of them scoring 120 or above. 20.51% of A group and 15.79% of B group scored 120 or more. There was no significant difference between blood groups and emotional intelligence. The highest scores concerning self-awareness, Self-confidence and Self competency are in blood group AB (19.4615 ± 2.79, 18.4615 ± 2.99, 17.6154 ± 2.63 respectively) and p- values are 0.20, 0.15 and 0.94. Students who have A blood group scored higher in motivation and self-control (18.2308 ± 3.56 and18.4103 ± 3.51) and who have blood group B scored higher on empathy (18.7018 ± 2.82 and p- value was 0.99). Conclusion: Subjects with blood group “AB” had a higher degree of emotional Quotient as compared to other blood groups. Blood group Bis the most prevalent blood group in our study population. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (2); July 2023; Page 56-59

Relation Between Anemia and ABO Blood Group in Pregnant Women: Retrospective Observational Study in Tobruk, Libya

Anemia is one of the most common complications related to pregnancy. Normal physiologic changes in pregnancy affect the hemoglobin (Hb), and there is a relative or absolute reduction in Hb concentration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of anemia among pregnant women and its relation to blood group and occurrence of anemia, so that preventive measures can be taken to combat anemia in women who are more susceptible to it. The retrospective study was conducted on 2469 pregnant who are in the age group of 18-45 years in Tobruk Medical Center. Blood samples were determined using tube method using antisera A, B and D and the Hemoglobin concentration analysis was estimated using Sysmex XP-300. In our study we found that women with blood group A+ and O+ (36%) were more prone for anemia, followed by B+ (20%), AB+ (7 %). Chi-square value exhibited 26.538 with a p-value of 0.143 which was showing non-significant (> 0.05) association between anemia and all blood groups. We can conclude that pregnant with blood groups A and O were more prone to anemia followed by blood group B and least with blood group AB. Additional research is required to determine the causes and related factors of anemia among pregnant women. The exact mechanisms behind the relationship between ABO blood group and anemia are not fully understood. However, it is hypothesized that the antibodies produced by different blood groups may interact with red blood cells in ways that impact their lifespan or production. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing targeted interventions to manage anemia in pregnant women, ensuring better maternal and fetal health outcomes.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY AND REACTIVE RESPONSE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD NEUTROPHILIC GRANULOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 DEPENDING ON THEIR BLOOD GROUP

At the onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a potential link between ABO blood type and susceptibility to the disease was reported. The evidence supporting this link is strengthening as the volume and quality of research expand. Recently, interest has shifted from merely examining susceptibility to exploring the severity of the disease and the immune response characteristics of patients in relation to their blood groups. Objective: to investigate the immunological reactivity and reactive response of peripheral blood neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with COVID-19 patients based on their blood group. Materials and methods. This prospective study included 198 patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia of mild, moderate, and severe degrees. The cohort comprised 50.51% (100) men and 49.49% (98) women, with an average age of 54.18 ± 7.25 years (range: 18 to 80 years). The distribution of blood groups according to the ABO system was as follows: 0 (I) - 37.37% (74 patients), A (II) - 37.37% (74 patients), B (III) - 18.18% (36 patients), and AB (IV) - 7.07% (14 patients). The immunological reactivity and reactive response of neutrophilic granulocytes were assessed through the analysis of 14 integral leukocyte indices, including the leukocyte shift index, the ratio of the absolute number of leukocytes to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the lymphocyte-granulocyte index, the lymphocyte index, the index of immunological resistance, and reactivity, among others. Results. In moderate and severe coronavirus infection, the indices of cellular and total immune reactivity and resistance are significantly lower compared to mild coronavirus infection: 1.35-3.08 times (p≤0.042-0.001) for resistance, 2.02-3.87 times (p<0.001) for reactivity, respectively, showing the highest activity among them in the owners of blood group 0 (I), with significantly lower values for A (Ⅱ), B (Ⅲ) and AB (Ⅳ) group variants by 3.94-19.10%. Whereas, with increasing severity of the disease, the reactive response of neutrophilic granulocytes, on the contrary, increases significantly compared to the mild degree: in moderate disease by 43.79-87.62% (p≤0.018-0.005), in severe disease by 1.62-2.11 times (p≤0.012-0.001), with the highest average value in AB (Ⅳ) blood group owners – by 46.69-68.44% (p≤0.017-0.005). Conclusions. The highest index of immunological reactivity is observed in individuals with blood group AB (IV) experiencing a mild clinical course of the disease. Conversely, the lowest index of immunological reactivity is found in patients with blood group A (II) who have a moderate clinical course. Additionally, the reactive response of neutrophilic granulocytes significantly increases in patients with a severe clinical course, with the highest average value recorded in those with blood group AB (IV).

Malaria Infection in relation to parasitological indices, blood group and anaemia in pregnant women attending two health facilities in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Decline of maternal immunity and susceptibility to malaria had posed a detrimental effect on the maternal health and foetal outcomes. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two different secondary health facilities at General Hospital Ganye and Cottage Hospital Toungo with the aim of determining the malaria burden in relation to parasite species, parasite density, blood group and anaemia in pregnant women who booked for antenatal care as first timer irrespective of their gestational stage. A total of 471 randomly selected pregnant women who consented to the study were enrolled for the study. Blood samples were collected from each of the consented pregnant women. Thick and thin blood smear were prepared using Giemsa and examined microscopically to detect malaria parasite and infecting species, respectively. The overall prevalence of malaria was 22.9% (n=108). Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae were the two malaria species encountered with a prevalence of 78.7% and 19.4%, respectively. Mixed infection had a 1.9% prevalence. Parasite density was recorded as low (67.6%), moderate (11.1%) and severe (21.3%) with a statistical significance (P=0.000). Prevalence of malaria in relation to blood group showed that pregnant women with blood group O (51.9%) had the highest burden of malaria infection and blood group AB (6.5%) had the least, although there was no statistical significance. Non-anaemic pregnant women recorded the highest infection prevalence (37.0%). This study revealed that malaria infection is significantly associated with the infecting parasite species and parasite density. It was discovered that P. falciparum was the most predominant species in the region during the period of this research.

Understanding the benefits of universal plasma and cryoprecipitate in hospitals in England.

Group AB plasma does not contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies and is therefore considered universal but is in limited supply (4% of the population). There is currently no licensed universal plasma available, and therefore current clinical guidelines for transfusion require the donor and recipient to be blood group compatible. We sought to understand the benefits of universal plasma to hospitals in England, to inform R&D priorities going forward. To understand the benefits of universal plasma (cryoprecipitate included), we distributed two surveys to hospitals (267 in total) in England. Safety was the perceived top benefit of universal plasma (95%), with cost identified as the main barrier to adoption (82%), although the majority of respondents were willing to pay more for universal components. Ninety-five respondents felt they would replace all or part of their stock holding with universal plasma, with 91% anticipating that their overall stock holding of plasma would reduce as well as there will be a reduction in their plasma wastage (by up to 25%). Hospitals (56%) thought that the availability of universal plasma would support more rapid provision of plasma for transfusion, particularly in emergency situations, with the emergency/trauma department deemed to be the area that would see the greatest benefit from these universal blood components. The response to both the potential clinical and operational benefits of a universal plasma and cryoprecipitate was positive.

Forecasting Blood Availability in Pontianak City using ARIMA Models to Optimize Inventory Planning at UTD PMI

It is of utmost importance to control the blood supply in UTD PMI because if there is a requirement for blood, PMI can fulfill the necessary blood needs and keep the ideal blood availability. PMI UTD may encounter a shortfall of blood supply if increases in blood demand are not supported by an increase in the number of donors contributing blood. A forecast of the number of blood requests is essential to estimate the quantity of blood that is necessary and the number of blood donors that are required to be prepared to fulfill the needed blood requests. This study is a quantitative investigation that use the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method in order to provide an accurate prediction regarding the quantity of blood that is required for each blood type in Pontianak City. UTD PMI Pontianak City provided the information that was used in this study. The information that was used included information on the number of blood requests for blood types A, AB, B, and O. Following this, the data was subjected to three iterative steps of Box Jenkins analysis, which included order identification, parameter estimation, and diagnostic testing. The goal was to obtain the most accurate model, which was then utilised to forecast the quantity of blood demand that will occur in the subsequent periods. Furthermore, the findings of this investigation indicate that the ARIMA (2,0,0), ARIMA (3,0,3), ARIMA (1,0,2), and ARIMA (1,0,0) models are the most accurate models for predicting the availability of blood categories A, AB, B, and O. ..UTD Pontianak City is anticipated to be able to manufacture bloodstock consisting of 73 blood bags over the next five days. The bloodstock will include 19 bags of Group A, 6 bags of Group AB, 22 bags of Group B, and 6 bags of Group O specifics. In light of the forecast results, it is envisaged that UTD PMI will be able to maximize inventory planning for blood in Pontianak City to reduce the number of instances in which there are shortages of blood availability.

The role of therapeutic footwear to increase daily physical activity in older adults with chronic foot pain

BackgroundApproximately third of older adults report foot pain that can lead to reduced physical activity. In this study, we examined whether a novel therapeutic shoe that addresses both aesthetics to enhance acceptability and biomechanical features to reduce foot pain, might improve daily physical activity in older adults with mild to moderate foot pain. MethodsIn a 12-week crossover randomized controlled trial, older adults with chronic foot pain were randomly assigned to either group AB or BA. Group AB wore therapeutic footwear (OrthoFeet, NY, USA) for six weeks (intervention A) before switching to their own shoes for six weeks (intervention B). Group BA followed the reverse order. Physical activity (daily steps, burned calories, metabolic equivalent of task) was tracked throughout the trial with a smartwatch. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to compare differences in foot pain and physical activity between interventions A and B. FindingsTwenty-nine participants (mean age = 67 ± 5 years, 17 % male) completed the study. Compared to baseline, wearing OrthoFeet increased daily steps (p = 0.045; +698 steps/day), burned kilocalories (p = 0.048; +177 kcal/day), and metabolic equivalent of task (p = 0.046; +34 MET.min.wk.−1). InterpretationFindings suggest that the combination of both aesthetic and biomechanical features designed to encourage engagement in activities of daily living and reduce foot pain, respectively, increased daily physical activity among older adults with mild to moderate foot pain.

Increased expression of ABO blood group antigens secretion phenotype with O blood group and age advances.

To ascertain the prevalence of ABH antigen secretors and non-secretors among Yemenis. In addition to explore the factors that may affect the expression of the secretion phenotype. This cross-sectional study was carried out between May and September 2022 on 215 healthy Yemeni individuals at the International Malaysian University, Ibb, Yemen. The participants were tested for blood group antigen on their blood samples using standard test tube method using the suitable ABH antisera. Saliva was collected and tested for secretion using hemagglutination inhibition test with suitable A, B, and H antisera. Before collecting the blood samples, informed consent was obtained from each participant and complete data and history questionnaire were collected by the research team. In general, 78.1% of Yemini participants were found to be secretor (80% men and 73.3% females). This percentage increased within O blood group (95%) and decreased within AB blood group (54%) individuals. Both O and AB blood groups showed statistically significant association with secretor trait. Also, it was noticed that age advance increases the expression of Se gene. In addition, the secretor state increased among Rh-negative people. The frequency of ABH secretors was 78.1% among Ibb province population in Yemen. Blood group O revealed the greatest frequency (95%), whereas blood group AB showed the lowest secretor frequency (54%). The secretor phenotype was highly expressed gradually with advance age then decline.

ABO Blood Group and Auditory Function in Young Adults.

In recent years, research on the effect of blood group on hearing function has gained more attention. Some blood groups show susceptibility to certain general health and auditory disorders like noise induced hearing loss, infections, coronary artery disease, gastric carcinoma and duodenal ulcer. The present study aimed to determine the differences in middle ear and cochlear function among persons with different blood groups (AB, A, B, O). Sixty adults (18-24 years) with normal hearing sensitivity were included in the study. They were divided into four groups based on blood groups (A, B, AB, O) with 15 participants each. High-frequency thresholds, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and resonance frequency were measured. High-frequency thresholds for both ears were measured at octave frequencies from 9kHz to 16kHz. Resonant frequency was determined using sweep frequency method. The findings demonstrated that individuals with blood group AB and O had considerably lower DPOAE amplitudes. Resonance frequency and extended high frequency thresholds did not, however, differ significantly between the blood groups. The decrease in the amplitude of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) can be explained by a reduction in the quantity of robust outer hair cells and elevated protein levels, which in turn lead to a reduction in the cochlear blood flow in persons with blood type O and AB, respectively. More research with greater numbers of participants is necessary to improve the generalization of the findings.

Association Between ABO Blood Group, Dental Caries, Gingivitis, Impacted Teeth and Malocclusion Among Saudi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Whether there is a relationship between blood group and the likelihood of acquiring oral diseases. Therefore, the present study investigated the potential association between ABO blood groups and various dental conditions, including dental caries, gingivitis, malocclusion, and impacted teeth, in Saudi adults aged 18 years and older. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection included assessment of dental caries status using the decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed missing filled surfaces (DMFS) indices, evaluation of gingivitis using the Gingival Index, classification of malocclusion according to Angle's classification system, and recording the presence or absence of impacted teeth. The AB blood group had the significantly highest mean DMFS score (8.58±6.63), while the O blood group had the lowest mean DMFS score (6.37±4.43). Additionally, blood group O showed a slightly higher prevalence of gingivitis (51.92%) than the other blood groups. Blood group A demonstrated a higher prevalence of both Class II (34.2%) and Class III (19%) malocclusions, with statistically significant differences. Regarding impacted teeth, blood group AB (48.8%) had the highest occurrence. There exists an association between oral disease and ABO blood group in Saudi adults. The results of this study indicate that individuals with specific blood types may be more prone to oral diseases, which can aid in the early diagnosis and prevention of these conditions.

ABO and Rhesus blood group variability and their associations with clinical malaria presentations

BackgroundPlasmodium falciparum infection is associated with the human ABO blood group. However, there is a paucity of data on the role that ABO and Rhesus blood groups play in malaria clinical presentations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the association of human ABO blood groups and the Rhesus blood (Rh) types with the severity of malaria.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out at the Suhum Government Hospital in the Eastern region of Ghana. Conveniently, study participants with malaria, diagnosed by microscopy, were selected into the study. Subsequently, their ABO and Rh blood groups were determined (Accucare ABO/Rh monoclonal antibodies, Chennai, India). Malaria severity was assessed using the criteria for assessing severe malarial anaemia published by the World Health Organization. According to the criteria, severe malarial anaemia was classified as having haemoglobin (Hb) < 5 g/dL for children < 12 years and in patients ≥ 12 years, Hb level < 7 g/dL, with parasitaemia > 10,000/µL in both cases. Severe malarial anaemia was also classified as having plasma bilirubin > 50 µmol/L with parasitaemia ≥ 100,000/µL, for all ages. Chi square statistical analysis was used to test the association between the blood groups and the clinical or laboratory findings, while multivariate analysis was performed to identify which blood groups were more vulnerable to develop severe malarial anaemia.ResultsOf the total number of the study participants (n = 328), most of the patients had blood group O Rh positive (35.7%) while few of them had blood group AB Rh negative (2.1%). The types of Rhesus did not associate with malaria. However, compared to blood group O, the odds of developing severe malarial anaemia, in children < 12 years and in patients ≥ 12 years, were 16 times and 17.8 times higher among patients with blood group A, respectively. Furthermore, the odds of having bilirubin level > 50 µmol/L with parasitaemia ≥ 100,000 /µL was 10 times higher among patients with blood groups A and 2.6 times higher in patients with blood group B, compared to blood group O. Finally, in patients with blood group A majority (71.6%) of them developed high temperature (> 37.5 °C) while 43.3% of them vomited and had diarrhoea. However, pallor (group B = 46.2% vs group A = 37.3%), fever (group B = 84.6% vs group A = 79.1%) and nausea (group B = 46.2% vs group A = 25.4%) were more frequent in patients with blood group B than A.ConclusionsThis study found that people with blood groups A and B were severely affected by malaria, with group A being the most vulnerable. It is recommended that blood group assessment be performed for all patients with malaria. Patients found to have blood group A or B must be promptly and efficiently managed to avoid the development of severe malaria anaemia.

Effects of pregabalin combined with tramadol/paracetamol on acute pain in patients with CT-guided puncture localization of pulmonary nodules

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of pregabalin combined with tramadol/paracetamol on acute pain in patients with CT-guided puncture localization of pulmonary nodules. Materials and MethodsIn this randomized, placebo-controlled and single-center study, 120 patients were allocated randomly to four groups: the control group (Group P), the pregabalin-placebo group (Group BP), the tramadol/paracetamol-placebo group (Group AP), and the pregabalin-tramadol/paracetamol group (Group AB). The primary outcome was the NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) score. Other outcomes included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), the incidence of moderate to severe pain, the analgesia recovery ratio, the incidence of adverse drug reactions and patients’ satisfaction. ResultsNo significant interaction was detected between the interventions (P = 0.752). The NRS score of the Taking pregabalin group and the Taking tramadol/paracetamol group were significantly lower than those of the Not-taking pregabalin group and the Not-taking tramadol/paracetamol group respectively (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the NRS scores among the four groups (P < 0.001). The NRS score of Group AB was significantly lower than that of Group P (P < 0.001), Group BP (P < 0.001) and Group AP (P = 0.001). At the same time, the NRS scores of Group BP (P < 0.001) and Group AP (P < 0.001) were significantly lower than those of Group P, but there was no significant difference between Group BP and Group AP (P = 1.000). The SBP, DBP, HR, the incidence of moderate to severe pain and the analgesia recovery ratio of Group AB were significantly lower than those of Group P (P < 0.05), while the SpO2 and the number of people who were very satisfied were significantly higher than those of Group P (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions among the four groups (P = 0.272). ConclusionsThe combination or single use of pregabalin and tramadol/paracetamol can effectively relieve the acute pain after localization. Pregabalin combined with tramadol/paracetamol has the best analgesic effect and significantly reduces the hemodynamic fluctuations, with high safety and low incidence of adverse drug reactions, which has a certain clinical popularization and application value.

Incidence of medical adhesive-related skin injury: a reduction by changing posture.

Medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI), defined as skin damage associated with the use of medical adhesive products or devices, are a common and under-reported condition that compromises skin integrity. The prevention and management of MARSI that can occur around the needle insertion site of a chest wall implantable port in hospitalised patients with a tumour remain challenging issues. The aim of this study was to explore whether the incidence of MARSI could be reduced by changing the body position during dressing changes. Participants were recruited between May 2019 and November 2020 in the oncology department of a tertiary hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to Group AB (supine followed by semi-recumbent position) and Group BA (semi-recumbent followed by supine position) with a standard intervening recovery interval of 21-28 days. Assessments for typical MARSI included itching, the combination of erythema and oedema, and blisters in the port area, and were graded according to the level of severity. The itch intensity was significantly lower in phase B (semi-recumbent) compared to phase A (supine) (2.35±1.985 versus 5.31±1.332, respectively; p<0.01). Similarly, the severity of erythema and oedema was less severe when comparing phase B to phase A: grade 0 (64.9% versus 10.5%, respectively); grade 1 (28.1% versus 19.3%, respectively); grade 2 (3.5% versus 7.0%, respectively); grade 3 (1.8% versus 45.6%, respectively); and grade 4 (1.8% versus 17.5%, respectively) (Z=5.703; p<0.01). Blisters were found far less frequently in phase B than phase A (1.8% versus 56.1%, respectively; p<0.01). The study provided statistically significant evidence that patients in a semi-recumbent position receiving dressing at a chest wall implantable port had fewer and less severe injection site MARSI than when in a supine position. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Differences in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies depending on age, blood group, and sex in a Swedish blood donor cohort

This study aimed to describe differences in prevalence and the long-term presence of nucleocapsid antibodies (N-antibodies) elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Swedish blood donor population not subjected to lockdown. We tested 20,651 blood donor samples for nucleocapsid antibodies from the beginning of March 2020 and 27 months onwards using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. The proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody samples was determined each week. After the exclusions of one-time donors and subjects with incomplete data, 19,726 samples from 4003 donors remained. Differences in antibody prevalences stratified for age, sex, and blood groups (ABO and RhD) were determined, as well as antibody loss and recovery. Lower antibody prevalence was seen for older donors, blood group AB, and RhD-negative subjects. A significant decrease in antibody titer between the first and the second antibody-positive donation was seen for the whole study group, females, older subjects, blood group O, AB, and RhD-positive subjects. The titer waned below the detection limit in 60 (3.0%) of 1983 N-antibody-positive donors, and for 18 of these donors, a second episode with antibodies was detected. We showed that N-antibodies persist for months or years and that surprisingly few antibody-positive donors lost their antibodies. We also conclude that antibody prevalence in a Swedish population never subject to lockdown did not apparently differ from populations that were subject to stricter regulations.

Increased TGFβ1, VEGF and IFN-γ in the Sputum of Severe Asthma Patients With Bronchiectasis

BackgroundBronchiectasis is one of the most common comorbidities in severe asthma. However, the mechanisms by which asthma promotes the development and progress of this condition are not well defined. This study aimed to analyze the inflammatory phenotypes and quantify the expression of proinflammatory and remodeling cytokines in asthma patients with and without bronchiectasis. MethodsThe study sample comprised individuals with severe asthma and bronchiectasis (group AB, n=55) and a control population of individuals with severe asthma without bronchiectasis (group AC, n=45). Induced sputum samples were obtained and cell types determined by differential cell count. Proinflammatory and bronchial remodeling cytokines (IL-8, neutrophilic elastase, TGFβ1, VEGF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF) were analyzed by immunoassay in sputum supernatant. ResultsNeutrophilic inflammation was the primary phenotype in both asthma groups. Higher levels of TGFβ1, VEGF and IFN-γ were observed in asthma patients with bronchiectasis (group AB) than in controls (group AC) (15 vs 24pg/ml, p=0.014; 183 vs 272pg/ml, p=0.048; 0.85 vs 19pg/ml, p<0.001, respectively). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels were significantly lower in the AB group than in the AC group (1.2 vs 4.4pg/ml, p<0.001). IL-8, neutrophil elastase and TNF-α did not present significant differences between the groups. ConclusionsRaised levels of TGFβ1 and VEGF cytokines may indicate airway remodeling activation in asthma patients with bronchiectasis. The type of inflammation in asthma patients did not differ according to the presence or absence of bronchiectasis.

Haemoglobin Variants, ABO/Rh Blood Groups and their Associa-tions with Levels of Malaria Parasitaemia amongst Infected Subjects at Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

The aim of the study was to associate haemoglobin variants, ABO/Rh blood groups with levels of malaria parasitaemia amongst infected subjects at Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. ABO/Rh D blood groups were analyzed using monoclonal antisera, and haemoglobin electrophoresis was analyzed using the alkaline cellulose acetate electrophoresis method, while malaria parasites were identified by microscopic examination of stained blood films. Graph Pad Prism version 8.0 was used to statistically analyze odd ratios, confidence intervals, likelihood ratios and relative risks. All 147 subjects (87 females, 60 males) were positive for malaria (Plasmodium falciparum). For 3+ falciparum malaria, the order of infection for haemoglobin genotype was AA &gt; AS/SS; ABO blood group was B &gt; A &gt; O &gt; AB; Rh blood group was Rh D+ &gt; Rh D-; gender was females &gt; males at p &gt; 0.05. At p &gt; 0.05, for 2+ falciparum malaria: haemoglobin genotype was SS &gt;AA &gt; AS; ABO blood group was B &gt; A &gt; O &gt; AB; Rh blood group was Rh D- &gt; Rh D+; and gender was females &gt; Males. At p &gt; 0.05, for 1+ falciparum malaria infection: haemoglobin genotype was AS &gt;AA &gt; SS; ABO blood group was AB &gt; O &gt; A &gt; B; Rh blood group was Rh D+ &gt; Rh D-; and gender was males &gt; females. Conclusively, 3+ Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection is common amongst individuals with: AA haemoglobin genotype, blood group B, Rh D+, and females; 2+ P. falciparum infection is common amongst individuals with: haemoglobin genotype AA, blood group B, Rh D-, and females; while 1+ P. falciparum malaria infection is common amongst individuals with: AS haemogobin genotype, blood group AB, Rh D+, and amongst males than females.

The Relationship of Blood Groups and an Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (A Subject Review)

Objective: Although human blood consists of the same basic parts (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma), there are a large variety of blood groups and types, each with its own different characteristics. The aim of this study to search the correlation between different types of blood groups and increase risk factor for type 2 diabetic mellitus disease. Methods: Blood is made up of several components, and all of these can be utilized to management a lot of different illness. What makes a blood type different is the combination of protein molecules called antigens and antibodies. A person's blood type is also considered to be inherited from the parents' genes. Diabetic mellitus type 2 is related with a type of a chronic illness that effect the trend of the cells in the body for receive glucose or the amount of insulin which synthesize in the pancreas, thus leads to an abnormal decrease or increase in the scale of glucose in the blood. Results: Blood type O had a low risk of diabetes for women with type A, and same for women with type A. Group AB, and low persent of type B, compared with blood group O, have poor chances of developing diabetes. Conclusions: The effect of blood types should be investigated in future clinical and epidemiological studies on diabetes, also there is a need for more research on the pathophysiological mechanism to explain why diabetes has people of group O have a low risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

MCU NODE BASED BLOOD GROUP DETECTION EQUIPPED WITH AN AUTOMATIC SAMPLE STIRER

Blood type detection tool is a tool that can help In reading blood groups, you can find out the type of group blood with use sensors Light And LED, so in use tool This be equipped Gearboxes as stirrer sample automatic Which Where fluid reagent antisera will stirred with sample blood using the ABO method, results in sensor readings will be displayed on the LCD and also on the application when using Nodes MCU as the microcontroller, based on results testing tool This use 3 person with group blood Which The same on each Blood group samples are A, B, AB, O by comparing groups blood on card identity And results testing Which Where the result can obtained results Which The same. With mark flat flat group blood A is 0.6 and 2.1. As for blood type B, it is 1.7 and 1.1. As for AB blood type is 0.9 and 1.1. And blood type O is 2,3 And 2,3. whereas For mark error Which obtained group blood A that is 0.5 error value for blood group B i.e. 0.5 error value for blood group AB i.e 0.6, And error value for blood type O namely 0.2.

Detection of ABH Antigen in Sudanese Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Shendi Town, Sudan

Background: Patients suffering from chronic renal failure have significant challenges in their social and economic lives. In Sudan, the annual incidence of chronic renal failure is between 70 and 140 cases per million, and until more is done to address this illness, the problem is likely to persist. Blood group types appear to be associated with secretor status and certain disorders, in addition to the main therapeutic significance of the ABO blood group to organ transplantation and blood transfusions. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ABO and secretor status, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among Sudanese patients receiving hemodialysis for chronic renal failure disease at the kidney treatment and surgical center in Shendi City between August and December 2021. Materials and Methods: Fifty samples total from patients with chronic renal failure were taken; of these, 42% were female and 58% were male. Two milliliters of venous blood and three milliliters of saliva were collected in sterile containers and EDTA anticoagulant containers, respectively. Slides were used to do ABO grouping, and absorption inhibition was used to determine secretor status. Results: 44% of patients with CKD were blood group O, 38% were blood group A, 16% were blood group B, and 2% were blood group AB. The data also revealed that 68% of patients with CKD were non-secretors and 32% were secretors. According to the study, there was a decrease in the frequency of the Se gene compared to the Se gene. The homozygous genotype SeSe was found to be 3%, the heterozygous genotype Sese to be 29%, and the recessive genotype Sese to be 68%. Additionally, the blood groups O and A have a higher risk of renal failure. Conclusions: Blood group O was the highest frequency among patients receiving hemodialysis for chronic renal failure, followed by blood groups A and B, while blood group AB was the least prevalent. The non-secretors had a higher genotype frequency. Renal failure is more common among non-secretors.

Evaluating a method of creating artificial caries in typodont teeth for teaching Class III cavity preparations.

The purpose of the study was to report a step-by-step process of creating artificial caries typodont teeth and to determine the perception and efficacy of their use in preclinical operative training. Artificial caries material comprised of commercially available hide glue and chocolate powder for more realistic coloring was embedded into the distolingual of #9 ModuPRO plastic typodont teeth. First-year dental students having no clinical experience in excavating Class III cavity preparations were divided into two groups. Group BA prepared conventional typodont teeth (CTT) first, then artificial caries typodont teeth. Group AB prepared the ACT first, then CTT. The preps were scored employing a rubric used in the operative dentistry course class. A feedback questionnaire was conducted to rate students' satisfaction regarding the use of ACT and CTT. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the scores between groups ACT-CTT and CTT-ACT and the Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the positive and negative questionnaire responses. The two groups showed no significant difference in grades and no significant changes in their scores regardless of which order they prepped the teeth (P>0.05). The questionnaire heavily favored the use of artificial caries typodont teeth (P<0.05). The artificial caries typodont teeth protocol described in this study was feasible when implemented at the preclinical laboratory instruction level with positive questionnaire feedback from dental students.