Grip Angle Research Articles

AN AUTOMATED PARKINSON’S DISEASE DIAGNOSIS: A FEATURE SELECTION APPROACH

Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that significantly affect human health. Patients experience various negative effects such as tremors, walking disorders, and impaired speech. The disease also causes instability in walking, leading to tremors, and affects their writing skills. Studies on detection of disease generally focus on speech analysis. However, PD can be diagnosed by exploiting the loss of motor ability. In this work, a data set which was recorded at Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University is considered. The data were collected from 15 healthy subjects and 75 with Parkinson’s Disease.by a graphic tablet. Each subject asked to draw a spiral in two different conditions which are named as static spiral test (SST) and dynamic spiral test (DST) respectively, and the drawings transformed into X, Y and Z axis of movement, Grip Angle, and Pressure data. During the study, the effectiveness of SST and DST conditions are considered. Various machine learning algorithms have been tested to determine the best classifier. The effect of features was also considered by utilizing a feature elimination process. As a result, the best classification performance was obtained as 93.55% by using Kernel Naïve Bayes network with SST data, by omitting Z axis.

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FACTORS ON THE STABILITY BY ROLLING PROCESS IN THE WIRE BLOCK

One of the leading trends in the development of modern metallurgical manufacturing is the improvement of wire rod production using wire blocks. For existing continuous rolling mills, it is important to maximize the use of equipment capabilities both to improve the quality of products and to reduce the loss of metal and other resources for the adjustment and realize of technological modes at production. Effective technical solutions require scientific justification based on research results. To assess the boundary conditions of the stable rolling process, the average integral of the longitudinal forces at the plastically deformed metal is used. In physical terms, the vector of this force, which opposes the movement of the metal, cannot be directed along the motion of the sample, so the values of the force itself cannot be positive. The assessment of the longitudinal stability of the strip in the rolls (the possibility of a stable rolling process) is as follows: the process is implemented at negative values of the force value, zero value is the limit, at positive values the process is impossible. Analysis of the deformation process in the wire block of rolling mill 200 proved that the specific stresses in the stands should be insignificant because the resource of the forces that draw the metal into the rolls is limited. A more significant influence on the longitudinal stability of the process is the back tension. To ensure the stability of the process, especially in the first passes, the grip angle must be close in value to the coefficient of friction. With an increase in the coefficient of friction, the rolling of wire rod in the wire block becomes more stable. The results of the research show that in the case of external actions on the object, it is theoretically possible to find the limits of self-regulation for the rolling process in a wire block.Whenimplemented, thetechnique makes it possible to assess the limits of self-regulation not only by changes in the size of the workpiece, but by the amount of gauges wear in the rolls, in accordance with changes in friction conditions, temperature of the strip and other parameters.

Inter- and intra-athlete technique variability of conventional new ball swing bowling in elite and pre-elite Australian male fast bowlers

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate inter- and intra-athlete technique variability in pre-elite and elite Australian fast bowlers delivering new ball conventional swing bowling. Ball grip angle and pelvis, torso, shoulder, elbow, wrist, upper arm, forearm, and hand kinematics were investigated at the point of ball release for inswing and outswing deliveries. Descriptive evaluations of group and individual data and k-means cluster analyses were used to assess inter- and intra-bowler technique variability. Inter-athlete technique and ball grip variability were identified, demonstrating that skilled bowlers use individualised strategies to generate swing. Functional movement variability was demonstrated by intra-athlete variability in successful swing bowling trials. Bowlers demonstrated stable technique parameters in large proximal body segments of the pelvis and torso, providing a level of repeatability to their bowling action. Greater variation was observed in bowling arm kinematics, allowing athletes to manipulate the finger and ball position to achieve the desired seam orientation at the point of ball release. This study demonstrates that skilled bowlers use individualised techniques and grips to generate swing and employ technique variations in successive deliveries. Coaches should employ individualised training strategies and use constraints-led approaches in training environments to encourage bowlers to seek adaptive movement solutions to generate swing.

Slingshot Accuracy in Traditional Games: What is The Ideal Grip in Shooting?

The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanics of the ideal grip on the traditional game of slingshots. This study used quantitative methods that were described in detail using descriptive analytics with a one-shot case study design. The sample in this study consisted of 10 people who were activists of the traditional slingshot game in Semarang Regency and filled out complete consent information as a willingness to participate in the research to completion. The data in this study is in the form of kinematic data obtained from the results of video analysis using Kinovea software version 0.9.5. The quantitative data in this study is in the form of a recap of kinematic data consisting of 3 phases, namely the preparation phase; the release phase; and the follow-through phase. The results of this study found that the preparatory phase had an average grip angle of 99.08 ± 5,995 degrees. Grip angle data at release phase 99.66 ± 4.977 degrees. This study found the conclusion that the ideal grip is a straight hand position parallel to the pull of the arm until an angle of approximately 90 degrees is formed with the slingshot position slightly tilted, this position can provide enough space for the other hand to pull the slingshot rubber back. So that the pull carried out can be maximized and can be adjusted to the intended target distance. It is expected that further research can discuss the analysis of pull length and shot accuracy. Keywords: biomechanics analysis; traditional games, slingshot; grip.

STUDY OF THE ROLLING PROCESS WITH TECHNOLOGICAL LUBRICANT AT SINGLE-ZONE SLIPPING METAL IN THE ZONE OF DEFORMATION

One of the controversial provisions the rolling theory is the question of the possibility the stable process of cold rolling with lubrication at a complete lag of the strip’s metal in the deformation zone, i.e. in conditions of negative advancing.
 The equilibrium state in the zone of deformation with negative advance can be maintained due to the change in the thickness of the lubricating film. This is evidenced by experimental data from the study of the dependence of the advancing and the thickness of the lubricant layer on the grip angle during cold rolling with castor oil the copper samples in sizes 5x60 mm. Rolling was carried out on a duo 180 laboratory mill in steel rolls with a diameter of 190 mm. The rolling speed was 0.35 m/s.
 Then stress state modeling is used to theoretically substantiate the possibility of a stable process with single-zone sliding of metal in rolls during cold rolling with effective technological lubricants. According to Newton's law, the frictional forces acting in the zone of deformation depend on the sliding speed of the metal on the rolls and on the thickness of the lubricating film.
 Substituting the chooses model of specific friction forces into T. Karman's differential equation of equilibrium and solving it under known boundary conditions, expressions for the distribution of contact stresses were obtained.
 The results of calculations in the conditions of contact-hydrodynamic friction prove that the maximum of normal pressure shifts closer to the entrance to the deformation zone. In the case of rolling with a negative advancing, the longitudinal normal tensile stresses occur near the cross-section at the exit of the metal from the rolls. The average pressure in the deformation zone is always greater than the forced yield strength for the rolling strip.
 With an increase in the lag of the metal from the rolls at the exit from the zone of deformation, the average pressure decreases. Rolling with single-zone strip sliding is an energy-efficient process.

The Functional Outcomes of Scaphoid Nonunion with Deformity Treated with Anterior Wedge Bone Grafting: A Case Series

Introduction. Scaphoid nonunion is one of the most difficult fractures to treat. Restoration of carpal alignment and fracture stability can provide good outcomes in the management of scaphoid nonunion.
 Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the functional outcomes of scaphoid nonunion associated with humpback deformity treated with anterior wedge bone grafting and internal fixation.
 Methods. A retrospective review of all patients with scaphoid nonunion treated with anterior wedge bone grafting from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 was done. Outcome measurements were time to union, pre- and postoperative FIL-DASH scores, grip, pinch, and scapholunate angle improvement. The other outcome measures were pain and complications.Results. A total of 12 patients were included in the study. All were males with an average age of 27.4 years (SD,9.6). The average delay to surgery was 9.5 months (SD, 10). All fractures were at the waist, except for three proximal pole fractures, none had established avascular necrosis. Eleven out of 12 scaphoids healed at an average of 11.5 weeks (SD, 3.2). There was a significant improvement in the FIL-DASH score and scapholunate angle after surgical reconstruction. Grip strength averaged 83% of the contralateral side. All returned to previous normal activities. One patient with persistent proximal pole nonunion was managed with a 4-corner arthrodesis.Conclusion. Anterior wedge bone grafting for scaphoid nonunion restored the scapholunate angle and was able to establish union in 11 of 12 scaphoid nonunions with good outcomes.

Object gripping algorithm for robotic assistance by means of deep learning

This paper exposes the use of recent deep learning techniques in the state of the art, little addressed in robotic applications, where a new algorithm based on Faster R-CNN and CNN regression is exposed. The machine vision systems implemented, tend to require multiple stages to locate an object and allow a robot to take it, increasing the noise in the system and the processing times. The convolutional networks based on regions allow one to solve this problem, it is used for it two convolutional architectures, one for classification and location of three types of objects and one to determine the grip angle for a robotic gripper. Under the establish virtual environment, the grip algorithm works up to 5 frames per second with a 100% object classification, and with the implementation of the Faster R-CNN, it allows obtain 100% accuracy in the classifications of the test database, and over a 97% of average precision locating the generated boxes in each element, gripping successfully the objects.

Continuous Image Generation From Low-Update-Rate Images and Physical Sensors Through a Conditional GAN for Robot Teleoperation

When a robot is teleoperated, its operator control is based on transmitted images. Network limitations and/or a remote distance usually cause delays or interruptions of the image transmission, which is one of the reasons for the instability of teleoperation systems. In this article, we propose a high-update-rate image generation method using past low update image and current grip position and electrical motor current of gripper received by sensors during teleoperation via a conditional generative adversarial network. The main challenge is that such a network can generate current high-update-rate images from past low-update-rate one, the current high-update-rate grip force, and the grip angle. We equipped a robot gripper with a camera and a grip force sensor and collected a large data set of robot vision, grip force, and grip angle sequences; objects with deformation, including irregular deformation, and rigid objects were tested in the experiment to verify the possibility of high-update-rate image generation under various grip conditions. We found that the proposed network allows the generation of current images with high update rate.

Parametric Design and Analysis of the Arc Motion of a User-Interactive Rollator Handlebar with Hall Sensors

Most user-interactive rollator handles fabricated so far have had errors in classifying users’ walking intentions due to the structure not considering gravity, in addition to their usage not being intuitive. Here, we introduce a smart handle based on ‘arc motion’ horizontal to the ground to classify the user’s walking intentions accurately. In designing the handle, the limit of grip angle is adopted considering the arc motion. This minimizes the deflection of the handle by gravity and can allow the handle to be optimized for the grip motion. Moreover, we applied the results of our analysis of users’ walking intentions in the arc motion to machine learning. In understanding the user’s intentions to walk, we created two support vector machine classifiers from handle data collected through four Hall sensors. This combination of the arc motion and machine learning has significantly reduced classification errors. As a result, we ensured an accuracy of 0.95, which is a widely used standard in control.

АНАЛИЗ ОСТАТОЧНЫХ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ КОНСТРУКТИВНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ДОЛГОВЕЧНОСТИ. СООБЩЕНИЕ 1. СВОБОДНОЕ ОТВЕРСТИЕ

Increasing the fatigue life of elements of aircraft structures by methods based on local plastic deformation of the material in the hole zone directly depends on the magnitude and sign of the residual stresses. This paper presents the results of the study of residual stresses, which are formed when using constructive-technological methods to improve the durability of elements of aircraft structures with a free hole. The processes of cold expansion and barrier compression of the material in the area of the hole are considered. The studies were performed using the finite element method for two aluminum alloys D16AT and V95pchT2, which are widely used in the domestic aircraft industry. Material properties are given in the form of monotonous strain diagrams obtained by tensile testing of standard samples. The contact problem was solved in a physically nonlinear formulation, taking into account the friction between the tool and the structural element. The nonlinear behavior of the material is modeled using a multilinear model with kinematic hardening, taking into account the Bauschinger effect. Characteristics of the stress-strain state arising in the structure after the completion of the process of refining and barrier compression have been obtained. Equivalent stresses calculated according to the energy theory of strength were analyzed as residual stresses. In this case, the sign of stress is taken to be equal to the sign of the largest in magnitude principal stress. In the study of the process of cold expansion, a variable parameter was interference fit. The dependence of the residual stress in the hole on the magnitude of the interference fit is obtained. In the case of barrier compression, the variable parameters were the geometry of the tool being introduced (width, grip angle), the thickness of the structural element and depth of implementation. The dependences of the change in residual stresses on the parameters considered are constructed. It is shown that such parameters can be selected, at which the effect of compression will be most significant. But this will increase the effort required to complete this process.

Automatically rating trainee skill at a pediatric laparoscopic suturing task

BackgroundMinimally invasive surgeons must acquire complex technical skills while minimizing patient risk, a challenge that is magnified in pediatric surgery. Trainees need realistic practice with frequent detailed feedback, but human grading is tedious and subjective. We aim to validate a novel motion-tracking system and algorithms that automatically evaluate trainee performance of a pediatric laparoscopic suturing task.MethodsSubjects (n = 32) ranging from medical students to fellows performed two trials of intracorporeal suturing in a custom pediatric laparoscopic box trainer after watching a video of ideal performance. The motions of the tools and endoscope were recorded over time using a magnetic sensing system, and both tool grip angles were recorded using handle-mounted flex sensors. An expert rated the 63 trial videos on five domains from the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS), yielding summed scores from 5 to 20. Motion data from each trial were processed to calculate 280 features. We used regularized least squares regression to identify the most predictive features from different subsets of the motion data and then built six regression tree models that predict summed OSATS score. Model accuracy was evaluated via leave-one-subject-out cross-validation.ResultsThe model that used all sensor data streams performed best, achieving 71% accuracy at predicting summed scores within 2 points, 89% accuracy within 4, and a correlation of 0.85 with human ratings. 59% of the rounded average OSATS score predictions were perfect, and 100% were within 1 point. This model employed 87 features, including none based on completion time, 77 from tool tip motion, 3 from tool tip visibility, and 7 from grip angle.ConclusionsOur novel hardware and software automatically rated previously unseen trials with summed OSATS scores that closely match human expert ratings. Such a system facilitates more feedback-intensive surgical training and may yield insights into the fundamental components of surgical skill.

Dorsal ligamentoplasty for posttraumatic scapholunate dissociation

Scapholunate dissociation in stages 2 and 3 may lead to posttraumatic damage if left untreated. Different types of treatment have been described, including capsulodesis, tenodesis, and others. The purpose of all procedures is to avoid palmar shift of the distal scaphoid resulting in secondary arthritis (SLAC wrist). This study aimed to evaluate a modified dorsal ligamentoplasty in second- and third-degree scapholunate dissociation in a prospective study design. Furthermore, the study aimed to find out if there is a correlation between radiological and clinical parameters at follow-up and whether or not a SLAC wrist can be avoided. From 2007 to 2011 we performed 29 dorsal ligamentoplasties in our hospital in patients with second- and third-degree scapholunate dissociation. In a prospective study design, 25 patients were followed up after an average period of 18 months. Parameters recorded preoperatively included ROM, the radiological parameters SL diastasis, SL diastasis in power grip and SL angle, the DASH score, and the VAS score. The postoperative evaluation additionally included power grip, the Mayo wrist score, and patients' subjective satisfaction. The average subjective satisfaction after surgery was good. The average postoperative ROM was 83.8 % of the ROM of the healthy wrist and decreased by 11 % compared with the preoperative level. The average postoperative grip strength was 85.7 % of the strength of the healthy hand. The VAS score was 2.7 with a significant reduction from 6.7 preoperatively. The average DASH score decreased significantly from 60 preoperatively to 22.5 postoperatively. The average Mayo wrist score after surgery was 73. All radiological parameters at follow-up were significantly better than preoperatively, although they remained in a pathological range. The Pearson correlation analysis showed no relevant correlation between clinical and radiological scores. Three cases (12 %) required revision surgery. The described modified dorsal ligamentoplasty at the carpus can be recommended in second- and third-degree scapholunate dissociation. Clinical results are comparable to other techniques, but there is only a single approach required and the complication rate is very low. The short average follow-up of 18 months must be viewed critically as the rate of SLAC wrists might be higher during longer follow-up periods.

Enhancement of motor skill learning by a combination of ideal model-observation and self-observation.

[Purpose] In sports physical therapy, video of a patient’s movement or of a skilled model’s movement has been used as observational learning methods for injury prevention and movement modification. Positive effects of model video observation have been reported. This study aimed to clarify the effect on motor skill learning using a combination of model-observation and self-observation, which is thought to act as an enhanced method for active error detection by comparing model-observation and self-observation alone for acquisition of correct sports movement. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-five healthy females were randomly allocated into three groups comprising model- and self-observation, model-observation, and self-observation. The motor task performed was a half golf swing using an elastic club. Shoulder grip angle between both shoulder lines and the acromia grip strength were measured as an index of body rotation using a three-dimensional motion analyzer. Change in the shoulder grip angle in the three groups was analyzed at pre-, immediate delayed retention, and delayed retention tests. [Results] A significant difference in shoulder grip angle was observed among the three groups for the immediate delayed retention test. The combined model and self-observation group had a value closer to 90 degrees compared to the other two groups. [Conclusion] Observation combining model and self-observation exerted a positive effect on short-term motor skill learning.

Effect of a modified grip angle of a walker on the wrist deviation angle, muscle activation and palmar load during walker-assisted gait in elderly people.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to develop a new handle holder by modifying the inclination of the existing handle holder to reduce load on the wrist joints. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study consisted of 25 elderly people aged 65 years or older accustomed to a walker-assisted gait. Two types of handle holders ((1) standard handle holder (2) inclination handle holder) were applied to all subjects and their wrist joint movement and muscle activity were measured while they conducted 10 cycle walker-assisted gait. [Results] The use of an inclination handle holder during the walker-assisted gait decreased considerably the extensor carpi radialis longus activity and angles of the ulnar deviation and wrist extension. [Conclusion] Improvements in the overall structure of a walker may be a new tool for improving existing walker users but the replacement cost will be expensive. The inclination handle holder presented in this study decreases the burden on the wrist joints of walker users without any overall structural changes in the walker, thereby reducing the occurrence of musculoskeletal diseases of the wrist joint during the walker-assisted gait of elderly people.

Effect of Three Different Grip Angles on Physiological Parameters During Laboratory Handcycling Test in Able-Bodied Participants.

Introduction: Handcycling is a relatively new wheelchair sport that has gained increased popularity for people with lower limb disabilities. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three different grip positions on physical parameters during handcycling in a laboratory setting.Methods: Twenty one able-bodied participants performed three maximum incremental handcycling tests until exhaustion, each with a different grip angle. The angle between the grip and the crank was randomly set at 90° (horizontal), 0° (vertical), or 10° (diagonal). The initial load was 20 W and increased by 20 W each 5 min. In addition, participants performed a 20 s maximum effort.Results: The relative peak functional performance (W/kg), peak heart rate (bpm), associated lactate concentrations (mmol/l) and peak oxygen uptake per kilogram body weight (ml.min−1.kg−1) for the different grip positions during the stage test were: (a) Horizontal: 1.43 ± 0.21 W/kg, 170.14 ± 12.81 bpm, 9.54 ± 1.93 mmol/l, 30.86 ± 4.57 ml/kg; (b) Vertical: 1.38 ± 0.20 W/kg, 171.81 ± 13.87 bpm, 9.91 ± 2.29 mmol/l, 29.75 ± 5.13 ml/kg; (c) Diagonal: 1.40 ± 0.22 W/kg, 169.19 ± 13.31 bpm, 9.34 ± 2.36 mmol/l, 29.39 ± 4.70 ml/kg. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences could only be found for lactate concentration between the vertical grip position and the other grips during submaximal handcycling.Conclusion: The orientation of three different grip angles made no difference to the peak load achieved during an incremental handcycling test and a 20 s maximum effort. At submaximal load, higher lactate concentrations were found when the vertical grip position was used, suggesting that this position may be less efficient than the alternative diagonal or horizontal grip positions.

Saturated X-ray lasing in Ni-like Sn at 11.9 nm using the GRIP scheme

We report on gain-saturated operation of the 11.9 nm X-ray lasing line in Ni-like Sn using the grazing-incidence pumping scheme (GRIP). The experiments were done with 2-ps duration pump pulses and energies up to 5 J. Strong gain saturation with multi-microjoule output was measured for the Sn laser at a grazing angle of 30° and a pump pulse energy of 3 J. This was achieved with a 4.5%, 2-ps duration prepulse 2.4 ns ahead of the main pulse and also incident at grazing incidence. Increasing laser output was observed at GRIP angles up to 45°. At this angle, the minimum energy required for saturated lasing was determined as ∼2 J.

Predicting subjective perceptions of powered tool torque reactions

Powered hand tools have the potential to produce reaction forces that may be associated with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. In this study, subjective ratings of discomfort and acceptability of reaction forces were collected in an attempt to identify their associations with factors such as work location, and response covariates such as grip force and tool handle displacement. Three work configurations using pistol grip and right angle pneumatic nutrunners on horizontal and vertical surfaces were set up in the laboratory. Twenty healthy right-handed male participants operated four tools at nine locations and the corresponding subjective responses were collected. The results indicate that normalized grip force during the torque buildup period was a significant factor for both subjective ratings. For the unacceptable torque reactions across the three tool configurations, the ratio of hand moment impulse over tool torque impulse was significantly greater than for the acceptable reactions. For pistol grip tools used on the vertical surface, as the working height increased 30 cm, the odds of an unacceptable rating over an acceptable rating increased 1.6 times. Prediction models for subjective ratings of discomfort and acceptability provide insight regarding either workstation design or exposure control. These models can further be used to establish exposure limits based on handle displacement and grip force.

Characterization of a transient collisional Ni-like molybdenum soft-x-ray laser pumped in grazing incidence

We present experimental results from an extensive investigation of a Ni-like Mo x-ray laser pumped in the transient regime and GRIP configuration (GRazing Incidence Pumping). The pump laser is a 10 Hz, 1 J, Ti:sapphire laser system. The main diagnostic is a monochromatic near-field imaging system with a 1.7 micron spatial resolution that shows the soft-x-ray laser source size and position relative to the target surface. Changes of those characteristics are observed for different GRIP angles, varied between $15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and $21\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, while keeping all other parameters constant. Intense lasing is observed routinely at 18.9 nm with up to 3 microjoule output energy and stable operation is demonstrated at 10 Hz. We have investigated the role of several pumping parameters, in particular, the relative energy and delay between the long and short pulse. We show that this multiparameter scan leads to a well-defined optimal regime of operation and better understanding of the GRIP configuration. Finally, as the GRIP scheme requires careful tailoring of the plasma conditions to the specific soft-x-ray laser under investigation, we add a prepulse before the plasma producing long pulse to generate large-scale preplasmas. This increases the brightness of the soft-x-ray beam and leads to an almost Gaussian near-field spatial profile.

Power grip strength as a function of tool handle orientation and location

Thirty male volunteers participated in a study evaluating the effect of workspace envelope (work height and reach distance) and handle orientation on grip force capacity. Maximum voluntary power grip exertions were recorded using instrumented tool handles under three conditions: a pistol grip tool handle oriented horizontally and vertically and a right angle tool handle oriented horizontally. Significant main effects of handle height and reach location on normalized grip force capacity were observed with the horizontally oriented pistol grip and right angle handles, whereas only an interaction effect was observed with the vertically oriented pistol grip handle. Comparison of results to scores produced with a job assessment tool (RULA) is included as an appendix. The proposed methodology can provide information useful to job, workstation or tool design directed toward best accommodating the physical capacities of workers performing hand tool tasks.

EFFECT OF BRAIN COOLING ON BRAIN ISCHEMIA AND DAMAGE MARKERS AFTER FLUID PERCUSSION BRAIN INJURY IN RATS

Although systemic cooling had recently been reported as effective in improving the neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury, several problems are associated with whole-body cooling. The present study was conducted to test the effectiveness of brain cooling without interference with the core temperature in rats after fluid percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain dialysates ischemia (e.g., glutamate and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio) and injury (e.g., glycerol) markers before and after TBI were measured in rats with mild brain cooling (33 degrees C) and in the sham control group. Brain cooling was accomplished by infusion of 5 mL cold saline via the external jugular vein under general anesthesia. The weight loss was determined by the difference between the first and third day of body weight after TBI. The maximum grip angle in an inclined plane was measured to determine motor performance, whereas the percentage of maximal possible effect was used to measure blockade of proprioception. The triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining procedures were used for cerebral infarction assay. As compared with those of the sham-operated controls, the animals with TBI had higher values of extracellular levels of glutamate, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, and glycerol in brain and intracranial pressure, but lower values of cerebral perfusion pressure. Brain cooling adopted immediately after TBI significantly attenuated the TBI-induced increased cerebral ischemia and injury markers, intracranial hypertension, and cerebral hypoperfusion. In addition, the TBI-induced cerebral infarction, motor and proprioception deficits, and body weight loss evaluated 3 days after TBI were significantly attenuated by brain cooling. We successfully demonstrate that brain cooling causes attenuation of TBI in rats by reducing cerebral ischemia and injury resulting from intracranial hypertension and cerebral hypoperfusion. Because jugular venipuncture is an easy procedure frequently used in the emergency department, for preservation of brain function, jugular infusion of cold saline may be useful in resuscitation for trauma patients.