Grid Platform Research Articles

Digital Power Grid Construction Research of the Cross-regional Core Power Transmission Grid in Southwest China Based on Ubiquitous electric Internet of Things

Digital power grid, as an important foundation for building a strong smart grid, provides the unified data management and service application by integrating multi-source data such as fundamental geography, geologic physiognomy, power grid subjects and projects. It has become an important branch of the “Ubiquitous electric Internet of Things” (UeIoT) construction. Southwest China with a vast territory, has complex terrain and geology conditions. With the orderly advance of the construction of the Ultra High Voltage (UHV) main grid in the area, the power grid data assets have been gradually accumulated. Thus it is necessary to build a digital power grid to solve the difficulty in power grid construction and data asset management. Based on the construction idea of UeIoT, this paper proposes a set of technical architecture for the digital power grid construction of the cross-regional core power transmission grid in Southwest China, and introduces the ideas and application schemes of the digital power grid platform construction.

Resilient Information Architecture Platform for the Smart Grid: A Novel Open-Source Platform for Microgrid Control

Microgrids are seen as an effective way to achieve reliable, resilient, and efficient operation of the power distribution system. Core functions of the microgrid control system are defined by the IEEE Standard 2030.7; however, the algorithms that realize these functions are not standardized, and are a topic of research. Furthermore, the corresponding controller hardware, operating system, and communication system to implement these functions vary significantly from one implementation to the next. In this article, we introduce an open-source platform, resilient information architecture platform for the smart grid (RIAPS), ideally suited for implementing and deploying distributed microgrid control algorithms. RIAPS provides a design-time tool suite for development and deployment of distributed microgrid control algorithms. With support from a number of run-time platform services, developed algorithms can be easily implemented and deployed into real microgrids. To demonstrate the unique features of RIAPS, we propose and implement a distributed microgrid secondary control algorithm capable of synchronized and proportional compensation of voltage unbalance using distributed generators. Test results show the effectiveness of the proposed control and the salient features of the RIAPS platform.

Motion posture control for power cable maintenance robot in typical operation conditions

Purpose In the extreme power environment of flexible transmission line, wind load, high voltage and strong electromagnetic interference, the motion performance of the robot manipulator is strongly affected by the extreme environment. Therefore, this study aims to improve the manipulator motion control performance of power cable maintenance robot and effectively reduce the influence of specific operation environment on the robot manipulator motion posture. Design/methodology/approach The mathematical model under three typical operation conditions, namely, flexible line, wind load and strong electromagnetic field have been established, correspondingly the mapping relationship between different environment parameters and robot operation conditions are also given. Based on the nonlinear approximation feature of neural network, a back propagation (BP) neural network is adopted to solve the posture control problems. The power cable line sag, robot tile angle caused by wind load and spatial field strength are the input signals of the BP network in the robot motion posture control method. Findings Through the training and learning of the BP network, the output control variables are used to compensate the actual robot operation posture. The simulation experiment verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and compared with the conventional proportional integral differential (PID) control, the method has high real-time performance and sound stability. Finally, field operation experiments further validate the engineering feasibility of the control method, and at the same time, the proposed control method has the remarkable characteristics of sound universality, adaptability and easy expansion. Originality/value A multi-layer control architecture which is suitable for smart grid platform maintenance is proposed and a robot system platform for network operation and maintenance management is constructed. The human–machine–environment coordination and integration mode and intelligent power system management platform can be realized which greatly improves the intelligence of power system management. Mathematical models of the robot under three typical operation conditions of flexible wire wind load and strong electromagnetic field are established and the mapping relationship between different environmental parameters and the robot operation conditions is given. Through the non-linear approximation characteristics of BP network, the control variables of the robot joints can be obtained and the influence of extreme environment on the robot posture can be compensated. The simulation results of MATLAB show that the control algorithm can effectively restrain the influence of uncertain factors such as flexible environment, wind load and strong electromagnetic field on the robot posture. It satisfied the design requirements of fast response, high tracking accuracy and good stability of the control system. Field operation tests further verify the engineering practicability of the algorithm.

PBR Clutter Suppression Algorithm Based on Dilation Morphology of Non-Uniform Grid

Many new challenges are faced by the PBR (passive bi-static radar) employing non-cooperative radar illuminators. After the CFAR (constant false alarm) processor, the appearance of the amount of false alarm clutter points impacts the following tracing performance. To enhance the PBR tracing performance, we consider to reduce these clutter points before target tracing as soon as possible. In this paper, we propose a PBR clutter suppression algorithm based on dilation morphology of non-uniform grid. Firstly, we construct the non-uniform polar grid based on the acquisition geometry of PBR. Then, with the help of the grid platform, we separate the false alarm clutter points based on the dilation morphology. To efficiently operate the algorithm, we build up its parallel iteration scheme. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, we utilize both simulated data and field data to do the experiment. Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively suppress most of the clutter points. Besides, we respectively combine the proposed suppression algorithm with two typical tracking algorithms to test the performance. Experimental results reveal that the compound tracing algorithm outperforms the traditional one. It can enhance the PBR tracing performance, reduce the occurrence probability of false tracks and meanwhile save time.

Device Access Abstractions for Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Smart Grid

This letter presents an overview of design mechanisms to abstract device access protocols in the resilient information architecture platform for smart grid, a middleware for developing distributed smart grid applications. These mechanisms are required to decouple the application functionality from the specifics of the device mechanisms built by the device vendors.

Intelligent Micro Energy Grid in 5G Era: Platforms, Business Cases, Testbeds, and Next Generation Applications

As fifth-generation mobile communication systems give rise to new smart grid technologies, such as distributed energy resources, advanced communication systems, the Internet of Things, and big data analytics, the development of novel platforms and business models that ensure reliability and profitability of microgrid operations become increasingly important. In this study, we introduce an open micro energy grid platform to operate the widely distributed microgrids in Korea. Subsequently, we present commercial microgrid business models supported by the open micro energy grid platform equipped with an artificial intelligence engine and provide test results from testbeds connected to the platform. In contrast to the existing microgrid business models in the market, we propose a universal architecture and business model of the future microgrid, comprising (i) an energy robot-management operation business model, (ii) electric vehicle-based demand response, (iii) blockchain technology for energy trading, and (iv) a service-oriented business model. Finally, we propose a new business model for an intelligent virtual power plant (VPP) operator along with the architecture of the VPP and its proof of concept (PoC). We expect the proposed business model to provide energy solution providers with guidelines to develop various VPP services.

Predictive Analytic for Estimating Electric Consumption of Smart Grid Platform in Residential Single-Family Building using Support Vector Regression Approach

This present paper attempts to corroborate the theoretical expert knowledge model-based data with the data-driven method in order to optimize energy efficiency use by high fluctuate occupants’ behavior level in typical residential single-family building at tropical country (i.e. Indonesia). Existing data set gathered from field observation and finished computed with Building Performance Simulation (BPS) software tools. The methodology for data-driven knowledge is using supervised machine learning with support vector regression technique, hence the physical engineering data become training data for learning purpose. Predicting algorithm is done in sequential minimal optimization for regression task (SMOreg), a library for support vector machine integrated in WEKA software with using radial basis functions (RBF) as the kernel. Moreover, electric bills are included to forecast future economic value of using smart grid technology.

Analysis of resonant characteristics of Yunnan power grid under different operating modes of AC/DC hybrid systems

Resonance or harmonic amplification occurs when the frequency of the harmonics generated by the converter station is near the inherent resonance frequency of the substation. Considering there are six DC projects in the Yunnan power grid, analysing the resonant characteristics of the grid is imperative for safety reasons. This study establishes a simulation platform of the Yunnan power grid based on the Power System Analysis Software Package and formulates the modelling principles and simulation steps. In order to successfully analyse the resonant characteristics of a substation under normal operation mode and put forward any necessary suggestions, the impedance frequency of all 500 kV substations in the power grid are scanned. This is followed by studying, the influence of different operation modes of Yunnan power grid and different operation modes of DC system of Luxi converter station on the resonant characteristics of Yunnan substation. Based on these results, effective measures for resonance suppression are proposed.

A New Droop Coefficient Design Method for Accurate Power-Sharing in VSC-MTDC Systems

This paper proposes a new droop coefficient design method with the aim of improving the power-sharing accuracy among the converters in a multi-terminal dc (MTDC) system. The proposed droop coefficient design method works by adjusting the droop coefficient and can realize an arbitrary power-sharing ratio among all the converters in an MTDC system. This method does not rely on a communication network and therefore has the potential for higher reliability than the alternative methods. Mitigating the impact of the variation of dc line resistances on the power-sharing is discussed. Simulation of a four-terminal MTDC system is carried out by using PSCAD/EMTDC. The experimental results under a scaled-down four-terminal dc grid platform demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Synthesis of reconfigurable information security hardware on HPC platforms

The main purpose of a signature-based network intrusion detection system (NIDS) is to inspect network packet contents against tens of thousands of predefined malicious patterns. Unlike the firewall, NIDS examines not only packet headers, but also the packet bodies. The multi-pattern string matching task is a specific type of string matching functionality to search an input stream for a set of patterns rather than a single pattern. Due to rising traffic rates, increasing number and sophistication of attacks and the collapse of Moore's law for sequential processing, traditional software solutions can no longer meet the high requirements of today’s security challenges. Therefore, hardware approaches are proposed to accelerate pattern matching. Combining the flexibility of software and the nearASIC performance, reconfigurable FPGA-based devices have become increasingly popular for this purpose. Unfortunately, the development of complex reconfigurable devices is a very difficult craft. Users of NIDS which are usually system administrators have not neither enough qualification, nor computing resources to fulfill such a work. On the other hand specificities of security tasks require frequent execution of dynamic re-synthesis of reconfigurable accelerators. To solve this problem, a centralized system based on GRID and Cloud platforms was proposed. Such approach moves design and computation complexities from LANs to HPC. An experimental system was constructed and tested. First results are received and discussed. Preliminary comparison of GRID and Cloud technologies is made. Besides cybersecurity, high-speed multi-pattern matching is required for such important applications as data mining, XML switching, QoS management, VoIP filtering, cache replication etc.

Comparative p16IKN4A Expression in Laryngeal Carcinoma and Cervical Cancer Precursors: A Real-time Grid-based Immunocytochemistry Analysis.

p16 (gene locus: 9p21) tumor suppressor gene is considered an important biomarker for the progression and prognosis in a variety of malignancies and pre-cancerous lesions, including high-risk (HR-) human papilloma virus (HPV)-mediated squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), based on cytological and the corresponding cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) histopathological categorization. p16 acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase-4 inhibitor negatively regulating the cell cycle. In persistent HPV infection, E7 oncogenic protein binds retinoblastoma protein leading to its proteolytic transformation, also triggering E2F dissociation, which increases DNA transcription and progression to S phase. This mechanism promotes aberrant p16 over-expression. Our aim was to comparatively analyze p16 protein expression patterns in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) and also in SILs. Fifty (n=50) primary LSCCs tissues all non-HPV-dependent, and a set of 50 liquid-based SILs, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Concerning the screening process in cytological slides, a novel real-time reference and calibration grid platform was implemented and employed. Decreased protein expression was observed in 34/50 (68%) tissues regarding LSCCs. Overall p16 expression was associated to smoking status of the patients (p=0.001), and also with the p-stage of the examined malignancies (p=0.033). A strong statistical significance was assessed correlating LSIL/HSIL cases with a progressive p16 over expression (p=0.001), also reflecting a higher CIN diagnosis (p=0.001). p16 down-regulation is a frequent genetic event in LSCCs, which is associated with advanced disease. In contrast to this, p16 over-expression triggered by a specific molecular mechanism shows a strong relationship with a progressively aggressive phenotype due to upgraded SIL/CIN cervical categorization. The first described application of the grid platform demonstrated a considerable improvement in the immunocytochemistry slide screening process enhancing the diagnostic reliability.

Multi Objective Optimization in Charge Management of Micro Grid Based Multistory Carpark

Distributed power supply with the use of renewable energy sources and intelligent energy flow management has undoubtedly become one of the pressing trends in modern power engineering, which also inspired researchers from other fields to contribute to the topic. There are several kinds of micro grid platforms, each facing its own challenges and thus making the problem purely multi objective. In this paper, an evolutionary driven algorithm is applied and evaluated on a real platform represented by a private multistory carpark equipped with photovoltaic solar panels and several battery packs. The algorithm works as a core of an adaptive charge management system based on predicted conditions represented by estimated electric load and production in the future hours. The outcome of the paper is a comparison of the optimized and unoptimized charge management on three different battery setups proving that optimization may often outperform a battery setup with larger capacity in several criteria.

A Superimposed Current Based Unit Protection Scheme for DC Microgrid

With enhanced processing capacity and communication infrastructure available in smart grid platform, unit protection scheme is a promising technique. High resistance fault is a problem with current differential and current direction based unit protection solutions. In this letter, a protection scheme capable of fast fault detection and reliable selectivity for DC microgrid is proposed. The method uses superimposed currents of both ends of a line segment presented on Δi-plane during fault to derive protection decision. Using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations, performance of the proposed method is evaluated, compared and found to be accurate.

Multi Element Method Evaluation for Urban Region Power Quality Assessment Based on Harmonic Monitoring Platform

Nowadays, more and more people focused on the power supply using experience, which means people paid much more attention to the power quality of urban grid. With the development of the area of city, there are many factories are involved in the urban region, which causes much more power quality problems than before. In this article, we analyzed several evaluation methods of power quality used for now, then we make a deep research about the characteristics in power supply of urban region. And with the construction work of harmonic monitoring platform of State Grid, we need to make a quick judgment for some special supply point, such as government, hospital, bank and so on. At last, we put forward a new power quality evaluation method for urban region, which is based on the unique power quality parameters of power supply in city. This method is established by four elements, which are: harmonic voltage, harmonic current, voltage change and power, all these elements constitute a new method to evaluate the power quality of urban region in a short time.

Research on Publishing CIM Model Change Events through OPC UA

This paper studies how to publish the change events of CIM model using OPC UA, and proposes a method to publish CIM model change events using OPC UA based on mapping CIM model to OPC UA address space. By comparing with the CIS GDA model change notification service function in the legacy CIS interface, it is confirmed that the OPC UA service completely covers the original CIS GDA model change notification service function. Base-Model-Change-Event-Type and the more detailed General-Model-Change-Event-Type, Semantic-Change-Event-Type are used to provide appropriate model change information for clients through OPC UA Event service. CIM model change events in data platform of distribution grid and utilization system are published using OPC UA, the research results have been verified.

Design and Implementation of Spatiotemporal Information Service Platform for Complex and Big Grid

Due to the lack of key technical support for the spatiotemporal information of complex and big grid, the existing geographic information theory and methods cannot deal with the challenge of the multi-space modeling, multi-granularity temporal management, high frequency time-varying topology reconfiguration and full online service of huge amount of information brought by complex and big grid. So we design a spatiotemporal information service platform using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, which can model and manage grid spatial data, accounting data and business process data by integrating grid facility information, operational status information, production management information and electricity consumption information with natural environment information such as mountains, rivers, terrain, streets meteorology, geology and resources. Grid geographic information service platform is the largest public utility in the world Career space-time information service platform, which supports the typical business application systems such as grid production management system, grid integrated disaster prevention and mitigation system and power supply emergency command system.

An Original Smart-Grids Test Bed to Teach Feeder Automation Functions in a Distribution Grid

This paper proposes the description of an original smart-grids test bed aimed at teaching novel feeder automation functions to students from both university and industry origins. With this test bed, a lab class proposes to students, first, to develop feeder automation functions using scientific software and, then, to experiment by practically testing them on an emulated distribution grid platform, called PREDIS. This platform includes real medium-voltage reduced-scale loads, generators, and a supervisory control and data acquisition system. The presented lab class is part of a dedicated complete pedagogic module with lectures and experiments. Through the development, the tests and the deployments of their own solutions in an actual distribution grid, the students learn by doing from theory to practice the complete chain of smart-grids solutions: from the electrical to the communication layers.

Adaptive Blockchain-Based Electric Vehicle Participation Scheme in Smart Grid Platform

The electric vehicle (EV) charging scheme can reduce the power generation costs and improve the smart grid resilience. However, the huge penetrations of EVs can impact the voltage stability and operating costs. In this paper, a novel EV participation charging scheme is proposed for a decentralized blockchain-enabled smart grid system. Our objectives are to minimize the power fluctuation level in the grid network and the overall charging cost for EV users. We first formulate the power fluctuation level problem of the smart grid system that take into accounts of EV battery capacities, charging rates, and EV users charging behavior. And then, we propose a novel adaptive blockchain-based electric vehicle participation (AdBEV) scheme that uses the Iceberg order execution algorithm to obtain an improved EV charging and discharging schedule. The simulation results show the proposed scheme outperforms the scheme that applying genetic algorithm approach in term of lowering the power fluctuation level and overall charging costs.

Trust model for reliable node allocation based on daily computer usage behavior

SummaryResource volatility is a major challenge on desktop grid platforms with characteristics that primarily depend on human computer usage behavior. This study proposes a trust model based on Dempster–Shafer theory that predicts the relative reliability of nodes using information on daily computer usage behavior based on the historical information from a desktop grid platform for a desktop grid. In the proposed trust model, called TM‐DG, a degree of trustworthiness is introduced for the nodes to quantify their reliability. Dempster's rule of combination is also applied to exploit two bodies of independent evidence: 1) current node availability as actively probed by a special test node and 2) proportion of allocated tasks successfully completed. The simulations performed on a lightweight desktop grid platform illustrate how TM‐DG can fully utilize the most reliable nodes for a given computation, leading to a reduction in the communication overhead and an improvement in the computing power of the platform.

Distributed Software Emulator for Cyber-Physical Analysis in Smart Grid

A smart grid is a highly complex cyber-physical electrical power system that uses two-way digital communication and intelligent embedded devices to achieve sensing, control, computation, and communication within power network. To validate the functionality, security, and reliability of such a system requires the modeling and emulation of both communication network and power network, as well as the interactions between them. In this paper, we present smart-grid common open research emulator (SCORE), a distributed software emulator for cyber-physical analysis in smart grid. SCORE integrates the emulations of both power network and communication network, and it is highlighted by the following features. First, SCORE is the first software emulation platform for smart grid, which means that the same application program running in SCORE can be directly ported to embedded devices with little or no migration issues. Second, for one smart grid instance, SCORE supports distributed emulation when the instance is in very large scale. Third, for multiple smart grid emulation instances running on different networked computers, SCORE allows them to dynamically connect or disconnect with each other in run time, such that each instance can capture its own interior system dynamics even without a prior knowledge of the entire smart grid topology.