Green Space Design Research Articles

The role of urban green space design to support bird community in the urban ecosystem

Abstract. Prihandi DR, Nurvianto S. 2022. The role of urban green space design to support bird community in the urban ecosystem. Biodiversitas 23: 2137-2145. The increase in human population due to urbanization causes the expansion of urban areas that threatens forest lands to be lost and makes a serious threat to its biodiversity. Along with changes in the landscape due to urbanization, open green space is an alternative solution to maintaining biological diversity in urban areas. However, various types of open green spaces were developed following certain objectives of landscape management that potentially have different effects on biodiversity. This research aimed to identify the role of various open green spaces designs on bird biodiversity. Birds can be a good indicator of environmental quality because birds are a type of animal that can move in different habitat types and habitat areas and are often used as an indicator of habitat quality in urban areas. Bird observation was conducted using the point count method, while the environmental conditions were recorded using the nested and protocol sampling method. Those data were collected in five different open green spaces of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province. Species diversity shows the diversity of species in a bird community in a certain area using the Shanon-Wiener index. Bird communities were also analyzed using rarefaction analysis. This analysis was used to standardize the species abundance in each type of green open space to estimate the ideal species richness of open green space from the different number of samples. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the value of diversity, richness, and relative abundance of bird species among five different types of open green space. We used Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to visualize the bird's response toward environmental gradients. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was employed to determine the effect of the environmental factors on the diversity of bird species. The result showed that different types of urban green spaces have different richness and relative abundance of bird species. We found 5925 individual birds from 40 species in five different types of open green spaces. The garden was the type of open green space with the highest bird species diversity. Of the many variables taken, the slope and the number of vehicles per minute affected the diversity of species. Those two variables were also negatively correlated with the diversity of bird species in the five types of open green spaces. The number of vehicles causes noise and pollution, which causes a decrease in bird populations. Flat slopes can also help birds get food, such as seeds on a flat surface. Creating more gardens for public and private spaces becomes an alternative solution to enhance bird diversity in the urban area.

Estimating the cooling effect magnitude of urban vegetation in different climate zones using multi-source remote sensing

Vegetation is effective in mitigating the urban heat island effect by canopy shade and evapotranspiration. Acquiring the vegetation cooling effect magnitude (∆T) quickly and accurately has been the focus of thermal mitigation in urban areas. Traditional field observations are usually restricted to one or few cities, while large-scale assessment models mostly focus on inconsistent parameters, leading to contradictory results. In this study, we collected 3970 samples of observed vegetation-induced ∆T worldwide to assess their relationship with leaf area index (LAI) and evapotranspiration (ET) for different vegetation types within various climate zones (arid, semi-arid/humid, humid, and extreme humid zones). Results showed that urban vegetation ET and LAI have diverse correlations (i.e., linear/nonlinear) with ∆T, and the ET-cooling and LAI-shading effect dominate differently in each climate zone. In addition, urban vegetation cooling effect empirical models were established based on a multivariate regression analysis using the above two parameters. Application of global seasonal urban vegetation cooling effect analysis based on these empirical models enable us to readily achieve ∆T on various scales around the world. The finding of this study can be used as guidance to select the appropriate vegetation types for urban green space design and construction to cool the thermal environments in urban areas.

Adaptive planting design and management framework for urban climate change adaptation and mitigation

Implementing measures to adapt and mitigate climate change effects in cities has been considered increasingly urgent since the quality of life, health, and well-being of urban residents is threatened by this change. Novel communities of plant species that emerge and thrive in the harsh conditions of cities may represent a promising opportunity to address climate change adaptation and mitigation through the planting design and management of urban green spaces. The objective of this study is to develop an adaptive planting design and management framework. The proposed framework is grounded on previous adaptive approaches and focuses on the opportunities emerging from novel plant communities in urban conditions. The framework comprises three main steps (1 – Climate change assessment, 2 – Plant species database, and 3 – Planting design and management procedure). A proposal on how the framework could be tested was developed for the city of Porto, Portugal. Still, the application of the framework can also be adjusted to other urban contexts, offering a starting point for experimentation and assessment of plants’ adaptation and mitigation capacities through design and management. As lack of knowledge and uncertainty about climate change limits global capacity to implement robust adaptation and mitigation strategies, building knowledge in an adaptive way and context-specific locations will be of paramount interest to tackle climate change in cities.

Evaluation of PM2.5 Retention Capacity and Structural Optimization of Urban Park Green Spaces in Beijing

Green space can effectively retain particles and improve air quality. However, most studies have focused on leaf-scale measurements or regional-scale model simulations, and few focus on individual trees. In this study, 176 urban park green spaces were selected within the 5th Ring Road in Beijing, and the i-Tree Eco model was used to estimate the PM2.5 retention levels of individual trees and sample plots. The results show that the retention capacity varied according to tree species. The PM2.5 retention of each sample plot was significantly affected by the tree coverage, species richness, mean tree height, mean crown width, and number of trees. The PM2.5 retention of urban park green spaces in the study area was estimated to be about 6380 t·year−1, and the air quality improvement rate was 1.62%. After structural optimizing, PM2.5 retention of the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved green space was as high as 80,000 g·year−1. This study studied the effects of trees on PM2.5 retention at multiple scales to fill the gaps in existing research at the scales of individual trees and communities, and it can serve as a reliable reference for the design and construction of green spaces aimed at improving air quality.

Needs and expectations of German and Chinese children for livable urban green spaces revealed by the method of empathy-based stories

One of the important features of cities is to provide high-quality outdoor environments for various groups of citizens. Although children are frequent users of green spaces, the knowledge and perspectives applied in planning and design of urban green spaces are mostly defined by adults. This results in spaces and practices that may limit the daily lives and creativity of urban children. Promoting child-friendly cities benefits from knowledge produced by children themselves, regarding their perceptions and experiences, as well as ideas and suggestions. This study provides empirical results concerning children’s needs and mental images for urban green spaces in two urban areas in two countries (Chengdu, China, and Ruhr Region, Germany). 765 children, ages 8–10 were surveyed through the method of empathy-based stories (MEBS). Participants were asked to use their imagination to write stories according to given scenarios. Our study shows that MEBS can be used to gather meaningful data with children, and that children are an important stakeholder group in urban planning, landscape design and management with an ability to express their diverse needs and preferences towards green spaces. Both designed green spaces (e.g. gardens, parks) and wild nature (e.g. forests, meadows) can offer a range of activities and experiences for children in their everyday lives: opportunities for play, socializing, contact with nature, aesthetic and restorative experiences, learning and exploration. Our findings include indications of children’s awareness of the diverse ecosystem services that green spaces provide, as well as of urban sustainability and livability. While we found German and Chinese children to have corresponding needs and expectations regarding urban green spaces and nature, we also found some variation. We suggest that the use of, and experiences in green spaces are linked not only to the landscape but also to conceptual-cultural contexts.

Research on Green Ecological Interior Space Design Based on FPGA and Embedded System

At present, with the development of FPGA technology, FPGA has become an indispensable part of various systems. Based on the idea of modular and standardized design, a simple and standardized design method is found for the construction of FPGA design system. With the attention paid to environmental protection, interior space design also began to pursue green ecology. This paper briefly describes the concept and technical advantages of FPGA and embedded system, analyzes the concept of green ecological interior space design, and introduces the application of FPGA and embedded system in interior space design with examples. Different types of indoor home systems will have different technical applications. FPGA and embedded system are the technical means that interior designers need to learn and understand, Wireless communication technology and Internet of things technology are also of great significance for green ecological interior space design.

Assessment of Green Open Space in the Transit-Oriented Development Area in Jakarta

The Jatinegara Station area has developed as a commercial area causing the surrounding residential areas to develop into dense settlements and have limitations in providing facilities and infrastructure, especially green open spaces. Along with the increasing intensity of commercial activities, this has an impact on changing green open spaces into built-up land. The purpose of this study was to examine the existing condition of green open space in the Jatinegara TOD area and then compare it with the standards set by the local government. The results of this comparison are used to provide input on the design of green open spaces in the research area. This goal is achieved by using a quantitative approach. The analysis of the need for green open space is calculated based on the standard of 30% of the total area. The need for green open space is 20 m² per person and the Gerarchis method is used to calculate the need for green space based on oxygen demand. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis. As the first step is to identify the characteristics of green open space, analyze the availability of green open space and its form and typology. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the availability of green open space affects the environmental quality of the TOD area. The form and typology of green open spaces found in the study area are urban forest green open spaces and sub-district environmental parks. Therefore, the existence of green open spaces needs to be maintained through the development and arrangement of green open spaces by taking into account the types of vegetation that can absorb CO₂.

Spatial statistical analysis of the relationship between self-reported mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown and closeness to green infrastructure

The COVID-19 pandemic has produced alterations in the behaviour and psychological health of people, who have had to learn living under uncertain circumstances escaping their control. This situation has been aggravated in those countries applying strict home confinement rules to try bending their epidemic curve. This is the case of Spain, where the stringent lockdown period was extended over three months. This study aimed at proving a research hypothesis whereby living close to Green Infrastructure (GI) during the confinement period was beneficial for mental health. To this end, La Palma (Canary Islands) and Zaragoza (Peninsular Spain) were taken as case studies, since both locations distributed a questionnaire to address citizenry’s self-reported mental health under strict lockdown conditions. A spatial statistical analysis of the responses collected by these questionnaires revealed that variables such as stress, anger, medication use, alcohol consumption or visits to the doctor significantly decreased if citizens were close to GI, whereas people having very high expectations of enjoying the city after the confinement were positively correlated to proximity of green areas. Although these outcomes are limited by the inferential capacity of correlation analysis, they point out to a sense of relief derived from having visual contact with vegetated landscapes and feeling stimulated about using them for recreation, aesthetical or sporting purposes. The joint consideration of these psychological gains with the social and environmental benefits provided by GI emphasizes the importance of approaching urban regeneration through the design and implementation of interconnected green spaces.

Colour Perception and Visitor Experiences of Urban Parks as Influenced by an Intense Colourful Urban Artefact: An In-situ Quasi-experiment

Purpose Colourful street furniture, fitness and playground equipment has become increasingly common in contemporary urban green spaces. The study aims to increase knowledge about their influence on human perception of urban park settings, and explore the perceived interaction between an orange-coloured urban artefact and the colour schemes of a public park. Design/Methodology/Approach This study consisted in first reviewing 794 park visitors through formal observations, and applying the semantic environmental description (SMB) on 102 individuals (park visitors). The analysis of the SMB dimensions used an analysis of variance with a 3x2 factorial design and the perceived colours measured with Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour charts. Findings The findings from the study show that placing intense colourful artefacts in various park environments can both increase and decrease experienced pleasantness and change the overall perceived characteristics of colour (colour contrast). Research Limitations The limitation of this study was that only a monochromatic coloured (orange) object with a specific structure and scale was used and that complementary colour combinations were not investigated. The experimental design did not allow a completely randomized design of the individuals in the study. Social/Practical Implications Given the results from the study, we propose that municipalities and landscape architecture offices involved in the planning, design and management of urban green spaces should pay just as much attention to the placement of urban artefacts in a public outdoor context as to the design of the artefacts themselves. Discussing these issues across the planning and management level can help increase consciousness of the impact of intensely colourful street furniture on park visitors colour perception and experiences. Original/Value The number of studies on this subject is very limited and performing this study is considered to contribute to the understanding of coloured urban artefacts in urban green spaces.

Research on the horizontal reduction effect of urban roadside green belt on atmospheric particulate matter in a semi-arid area

In this study, the horizontal abatement effects of green belts on atmospheric particulate matter at different horizontal distances and plant community structures were investigated in urban roadside green belts in semi-arid areas.We collected mass concentrations of six types of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) per unit time of PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1.0, PM2.5, PM5.0, and PM10 and various meteorological indices, to compare the horizontal reduction efficiency of different distances and plant community structures on different particle sizes, and to establish a support vector machine model. The results showed that 1) the horizontal abatement efficiency of green belts was different for six particle sizes, while the horizontal abatement rate strengthened as the particle size increased. The abatement rate was significantly correlated with microclimatic factors such as temperature and humidity, but less correlated with wind speed. 2) The horizontal abatement rate of roadside green belts on atmospheric particulate matter varies with the increase of horizontal distance in a "single-peak" or "double-peak" pattern, with the best abatement effect of green belts on each particle size at a horizontal distance of 45m. Among the four types of plant community structures, the strongest abatement ability was in the arbor-shrub-herb structure. 3) The correctly tuned prediction model, based on Support Vector Machines, resulted in better horizontal abatement ability of green belts on atmospheric PM. The prediction results showed that the average horizontal abatement rate has the best abatement effect at 45–55 m, peaked at 50 m, and formed stagnant dust at 65 m. In the design of urban road green spaces in semi-arid areas, to achieve the best dust retention effect, the green belt width should be ≥40 m and it is desirable to choose arbor-shrub-herb structures. This study provides a design basis and theoretical support for urban road green space planning in semi-arid areas.

Urban Planning in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah using New Green Spaces Modelling through GIS Application

The present study investigated the new green spaces modelling in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah using GIS application. It adopted the mental health theory as a theoretical framework. The data of the study was collected through two data collection instruments, namely, questionnaire as well as interview. The quantitative data was analysed through SPSS software while the qualitative data collected from the interviews was qualitatively analysed using thematic content analysis. The findings of the study revealed the most suitable model for potential new green spaces using GIS analysis (descriptive summaries) for urban planning in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah is Quba (25.5%). Moreover, the most prominent challenge facing the design of a new green space in Al-Medinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia, is the weakness of the budget allocated to designing green spaces (86.7%). It is also shown that the most prominent benefits of designing new green spaces for the residents of Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah are the provision of seats and seating areas. Therefore, the participants stress the importance of taking into account the provision of seats and seating places when designing green spaces (93.3%). In terms of the potential of developing urban green spaces in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, the majority of the respondents believe that urban green spaces can be developed, to a large degree, in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah in the future. Therefore, the study recommends that urban green spaces should be developed in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah and the budget allocated to designing green spaces in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah should be also increased. This study could be considered as a guideline for future development that can be used by government in Saudi Arabia.

Retraction Note to: Marine climate prediction based on satellite remote sensing and landscape design of green space in coastal areas

Compared with other ecosystems, urban ecosystem is more vulnerable to the interference of external environmental factors, thus changing the original structure of urban ecosystem, so it is more vulnerable. In a city, how to reasonably layout the landscape of green space, to a certain extent, will affect the development of the city and people's daily life. The emergence of remote sensing technology provides convenience for the extraction of urban green space information. On this basis, scholars at home and abroad constantly put forward new theories and methods to improve the remote sensing technology. The accuracy of green space information extracted by high-resolution image is high, but the workload and cost of this method are large. The most important point is that some confidential information may be involved in the process of green space information extraction with high resolution, so this method is not applicable in the process of large-scale green space information extraction. At present, relevant data show that the medium resolution data can be used to extract urban green space information. In the planning of green space landscape in coastal cities, the city is divided into three areas: coastal water area, intermediate transition area, and land landscape area. According to the theory of landscape ecology, the city is divided into three parts: patch, matrix, and corridor. The process of urban ecological landscape planning is the process of communication between human and nature. In the city, people can feel the beauty of nature. According to the current relevant theory, there are many ways of plant configuration and configuration principles. This paper analyzes the methods and principles of plant configuration in the city by taking the road greening landscape design along a certain place as an example.

A universal standard for health-promoting places. Example of assessment – on the basis of a case study of Rahway River Park

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to development of approaches to the evaluation of the design of public open green spaces (POS). This paper presents a universal standard for the design of health-promoting urban places. The standard is a conceptual framework which was developed after visiting over one hundred public parks and therapeutic gardens in Europe and the United States. The universal standard is a simple and effective tool that can be used by both professional designers and non-professionals to improve the health-promoting qualities of open green spaces. Rahway River Park, designed by Olmsted Brothers in 1925, serves as a case study.

Gender differences in the perceptions of green spaces characteristics

AbstractObjectiveUrban green spaces provide a wide range of health benefits for the population and, therefore, their use should be promoted. However, men and women perceive and value the characteristics of urban green spaces differently, as both have different sensitivities and expectations. The present study aims to identify gender differences in the perceptions of urban green spaces characteristics.MethodsGender differences in the perceptions of eleven urban green spaces characteristics were assessed, including lighting, safety, cleanliness, walking routes, bike lanes, shaded areas, recreational areas, off‐leash dog areas, children's playgrounds, drinking fountains, and pleasant views.ResultsOur results showed that women attribute a higher value to all the characteristics of the urban green spaces analyzed, being the most appreciated the presence of off‐leash dog areas, lighting, children's playgrounds, pleasant views, drinking fountains, safety and recreational areas. In addition, older and more educated people, unemployed women, and single men consider green spaces to be highly important.ConclusionThe results of this study provide evidence for the adequate planning, design and development of urban green spaces that meet the needs of all users.

The Relationships between Perceived Design Intensity, Preference, Restorativeness and Eye Movements in Designed Urban Green Space

Recent research has demonstrated that landscape design intensity impacts individuals’ landscape preferences, which may influence their eye movement. Due to the close relationship between restorativeness and landscape preference, we further explore the relationships between design intensity, preference, restorativeness and eye movements. Specifically, using manipulated images as stimuli for 200 students as participants, the effect of urban green space (UGS) design intensity on landscapes’ preference, restorativeness, and eye movement was examined. The results demonstrate that landscape design intensity could contribute to preference and restorativeness and that there is a significant positive relationship between design intensity and eye-tracking metrics, including dwell time percent, fixation percent, fixation count, and visited ranking. Additionally, preference was positively related to restorativeness, dwell time percent, fixation percent, and fixation count, and there is a significant positive relationship between restorativeness and fixation percent. We obtained the most feasible regression equations between design intensity and preference, restorativeness, and eye movement. These results provide a set of guidelines for improving UGS design to achieve its greatest restorative potential and shed new light on the use of eye-tracking technology in landscape perception studies.

Close-To-Nature Heuristic Design Principles for Future Urban Green Infrastructure

The global nature-climate crisis along with a fundamental shift in world population towards cities and towns has sharpened the focus on the role of urban green infrastructure. Green infrastructure has the potential to deliver cost-effective, nature-based solutions to help mitigate problems of climate change as well as provide improved human well-being through the ecosystem services inherent in landscapes rich in biodiversity. The absence of under-pinning science, specifically complex systems science and ecosystem theory in the design and planning of urban green infrastructure, has limited the capacity of these landscapes to deliver ecosystem services and to effectively demonstrate natural resilience to the impacts of climate change. To meet future challenges of environmental uncertainty and social change, the design of urban green space should embrace an adaptive ecosystem-based approach that includes fully integrated participatory planning and implementation strategies founded on principles of close to nature science. Our article offers two models to inform green space planning: urban green space framework and sustainable urban community network. Both concepts provide the foundation for six ecosystem-based design principles. In a case study on Essex green infrastructure, UK, recommendations made by the Essex Climate Action Commission to transform land management practices are presented as examples of adopting principles of the ecosystem approach and nature-based science. Our article concludes by emphasising the importance of reconnecting society with nature in cities through close-to-nature design of urban green space to secure essential ecosystem services and to build resilience to the impacts of climate change.

Nature Experiences of Older People for Active Ageing: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Co-Design of Community Gardens

In Western countries, the concepts of healthy ageing and active ageing, that is, concepts that favour health, participation, and security to increase the quality of life of older people, have become key issues. Hence, the effective design of public green spaces in urban areas is crucial, as visiting these areas encourages social relations and interactions in natural, healthy contexts. Consistent with these perspectives, existing landscape design criteria emphasise the importance of considering not only the functional and aesthetic elements, but also the ecosystemic and biophilic relationships between people and the environment, producing positive effects for both. To maximise the impact of such design criteria, proper engagement strategies are desirable, both to assign an active role to older people themselves and to inform the fine-tuning of the design process according to the specific needs of the local population. This study presents an interdisciplinary co-design method that encourages and informs a biophilic approach by describing the experiences of people in natural environments, actual and designed, through the application of attention restoration theory (ART). The case study was developed through six focus group meetings with older people for the co-design of a restorative area in a community garden in the Ortica district in Milan (Italy). Results show how the main needs expressed by participants can be classified into the ART factors of “compatibility” (a multifunctional garden), “fascination” (sense of contact with nature), and “being away” (metaphorical escape from nursing homes). The garden designed includes biophilic principles that respond to such needs, and specific links with designed elements were identified. For example, “being away” (e.g., isolation from daily routine and visual occlusion of the surroundings) and “compatibility” (e.g., pergola and aesthetic value) are the factors that include the elements that more satisfactorily answer previous needs. “Fascination” also includes many positive aspects, allowing space for improvements (e.g., more water elements, interaction with animals). Implications of the method are discussed, including the importance of subjective experience in informing design, the use of different psychological constructs to describe it, and the methodological alternatives for psychological assessment.

Municipal Practices for Integrated Planning of Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Development in the Stockholm Region

Urban planning is assumed to play an important role in developing nature-based solutions (NBS). To explore how NBS is addressed in urban development, municipal planning practices are analyzed based on three case studies in the Stockholm region of Sweden. Through focus group discussions, interviews and document studies, the planning and implementation of NBS and their intended contribution to regional green infrastructure (GI) and social and ecological qualities are investigated. The results show that the planning and design of urban green spaces engages the local community. Moreover, different conceptual frameworks are used to strengthen an ecological perspective and nurture expected outcomes, in particular ecosystem services and GI. Through competence development and collaborative approaches, the co-creation of innovative solutions for public and private green spaces is promoted. However, institutional conditions, e.g., legal frameworks and landownership shape the planning process and can challenge the ability to enhance social and ecological qualities. An assessment of the planning processes indicates a strong focus on ecosystem services and local GI, while the potential to contribute to regional GI differs widely between cases. The study concludes that a knowledge-driven and integrative planning process can foster the potential of NBS for green and sustainable cities.

Small-Scale Habitat Conditions Are More Important Than Site Context for Influencing Pollinator Visitation

The ability of insects to persist in urban greenspace depends on their ability to usefully interact with available plant resources. Greenspace design influences plant–insect interactions by: (1) limiting the plant-species pool available for interaction through plant choice, (2) limiting the insects that are available for interaction through site-occupancy dynamics, and (3) mediating insect preferences based on the context of particular plant–insect interactions through structural barriers, microclimatic changes or competition. We designed an experiment to measure the effect of greenspace design attributes on site occupancy and insect preferences while keeping plant availability constant. Using a set of five functionally distinct flowering plant species (“phytometres”), we used occupancy-detection modelling to test factors affecting probability of visitation for eight groups of pollinating insects (ants, beetles, butterflies, bumblebees, honeybees, small bees, and hoverflies amend other flies) across 102 urban squares in Munich, Germany. We found that the probability of detecting an interaction was low for most functional groups, and situational factors, such as weather or competition from co-occurring flowers, were the primary drivers of visitation. Increasing the proportion of unsealed surfaces and quantity or diversity of flowers on the site had a positive influence on the probability of interaction, and, to a lesser extent, on probability of occupancy. Landscape connectivity and site area were important for only a few groups. Together, our results suggest that small-scale habitat conditions are more important than site context for influencing pollinator visitation. Designers can encourage interaction through contiguous provision of floral resources and unsealed surfaces while limiting internal barriers.

Duri Kosambi Sponge Park: The application of Sponge City concept on green open space in reducing flood intensity in Jakarta

Flood in Jakarta has been a big issue nowadays. It soaked a thousand hundred hectares of resident area. There are many factors generating flood in that area, such as the dysfunctional of green open space as flood control. Furthermore, the large of provided green open space has not been complied the requirement, as only 9.9% of pre-requirement large of 30% of large area. Sponge City Concept is on of ideas in the form water controlling succeeded to be applied in China having 4 main concepts, which are water ecology, water safety, water environment, and water resources. Therefore, this article takes green open space Duri Kosambi as the specific research object by redesigning it into Duri Kosambi Sponge Park. This paper utilizes 3 (three) steps in redesigning green open space Duri Kosambi, pre-design, design, and post-design. The result of this paper Duri Kosambi Sponge Park design consisting of a plan-layout design, an aesthetic bioswale, a multifunction “O’Area”, and an absorption poll visualized in 3D picture. Additionally, a plan and analysis of Duri Kosambi implementation are discussed in this paper. By stating this idea, it is expected to be able to give the positive effect for environment, economics, and social culture in the society.