Green World Research Articles

COP29-a EV SAHİBLİYİ EDƏCƏK ÖLKƏ – AZƏRBAYCAN

COP29 will be held from November 11 to 24, 2024, in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. The conference is expected to host between 80,000 and 100,000 delegates from over 190 countries worldwide. Topics will include climate change, its potential consequences, the ecological crisis, and ways to address these issues. The Framework Convention on Climate Change calls on people to unite for the sake of a green world. Climate change is a disaster that disrupts the well-being of the planet. The presented article focuses on the issues discussed.

“YAŞIL DÜNYA NAMİNƏ HƏMRƏYLİK İLİ” İLƏ ƏLAQƏDAR KEÇİRİLƏN TƏDBİRLƏRİN MƏKTƏBƏQƏDƏR YAŞLI UŞAQLARIN DAVRANIŞ MƏDƏNİYYƏTİNİN FORMALAŞDIRILMASINA TƏSİRİ

The article talks about the factors influencing the formation of preschoolers' behavior towards living and inanimate nature, ecological culture, and the characteristics of ecological culture. In this regard, in connection with the announcement of 2024 as the "Year of Green World Solidarity" in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the article provides detailed information on the formation of skills and feelings of nature con¬servation, respectful attitude and love for it, as well as projects and events held in a number of preschool ed¬ucational institutions of our republic. It should be noted that educators and teachers of preschool educational institutions benefit from the content and structure of such events held in our republic and operating in a net¬work mode, practical examples that they apply in the course of various activities, as well as the involvement of parents in this work, turns children into active participants in the process, and in them lives and cares for inanimate nature, protects greenery, cares for it, etc. creates the basis for the formation and development of ethical skills.

Effect of beeswax and coconut oil as natural coating agents on morphological, degradation behaviour, and water barrier properties of mycelium-based composite in modified controlled environment

Non-degradable coatings made of petroleum-based plastics hinder the degradation performance of products. This highlights the urgent need to develop biodegradable, bio-based coatings derived from renewable resources to create a more sustainable and greener world with a smaller environmental footprint. This study endeavours to examine the effects of beeswax and coconut oil additions on the morphological, degradation, and water-barrier properties of mycelium-based composite (MBC). Coconut oil is supplemented with varying amounts of beeswax, comprising 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 wt%. Dip coating is applied to prepare coated-MBC at 65 °C for 2 min. The coated-MBC is characterized by water absorption test, water loss measurement, density measurement, yeast and mould test, shrinkage measurement, weight loss measu rement, soil burial test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and macroscopic appearance. Findings revealed that a higher composition of beeswax (80 BW) leads to lower water absorption ability (26.25 %) and no fungal growth for 36 days, in contrast to uncoated-MBC (0 BW), which are used as a reference sample.

Energy, demand for computing power and the Green World

The review looks at the main trends in global energy production and consumption over the last half century, based on P.L. Kapitza’s 1975 analysis using a unified approach based on the Umov–Poynting vector. Such aspects of the problem as the impact of energy consumption on gross national product per capita, reasons for different approaches of countries to the transition to renewable energy sources, existing sources of energy, global distribution of its production and consumption, features and prospects of different energy technologies, as well as technologies to reduce energy consumption are touched upon. Thus, since 1975, the price of one kilowatt-hour of "solar" electricity has fallen by orders of magnitude and this technology has moved to the forefront, while fusion still remains the "energy of the future" and coal continues to hold its position in the market. Somewhat unexpectedly, electronics and telecommunications have become a major consumer of energy, urging a shift from von Neumann architecture to neuromorphic technology in computers and the development of femto and attowatt optoelectronics. And a totally unforeseen energy consumer has been cryptocurrency mining. On the other hand, the harvesting of dissipated energy in a variety of ways is seen as an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of batteries in low and ultra-low-power devices.

Molecular Detection and Identification of Begomovirus Infecting Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in Terengganu, Malaysia

The genus Begomovirus from the family Geminiviridae is responsible for causing significant economic losses to many important horticultural crops, including cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Begomovirus infection during the early stages of plant growth can lead to complete yield loss. Hence, the identification of begomovirus species is important to design a precise resistant breeding strategy. This study aims to detect the presence of begomovirus in typical symptomatic cucumber leaves, identify the species of begomovirus present, and investigate the evolutionary relationships with other reported begomoviruses using phylogenetic analysis. Leaf samples from symptomatic cucumber plants were collected from the Green World Genetics (GWG) research station and a farm in Lembah Bidong, Rhu Tapai, Setiu, Terengganu. To detect the presence of begomovirus, PCR was carried out using universal primers targeting DNA-A, DNA-B, and betasatellite regions. DNA-A and betasatellite fragments were amplified, but not DNA-B. The amplified partial sequences of DNA-A were then analysed and compared with other begomovirus sequences in the GenBank database managed by the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The newly isolated DNA-A sequence from cucumber was 100% identical to the tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). The phylogenetic tree was divided into two groups: group A, consisting of the newly isolated DNA-A sequence from cucumber, ToLCNDV, followed by squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) and a monopartite begomovirus Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV); and group B, consisting of tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV), pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV), and pepper yellow leaf curl Aceh virus (PepYLCAV). For the first time in cucumber, betasatellite is reported in association with ToLCNDV, a bipartite old-world begomovirus. This study provides a basis for the selection and breeding of begomovirus-resistant cucumber varieties in the future.

The Innovative Potential Of Social Media In Green World Engineering And Technology And Project Management Institutions For Leadership Development And Learning The English Language

The Innovative Potential Of Social Media In Green World Engineering And Technology And Project Management Institutions For Leadership Development And Learning The English Language

Experimental investigation on strengthening of Zea mays root fibres for biodegradable composite materials using potassium permanganate treatment

Humans are the only species who generate waste materials that cannot be broken down by natural processes. The ideal solution to this waste problem would be to employ only compostable materials. Biodegradable materials play a key role in creating a safer and greener world. Biodegradability is the gift that keeps on giving, in the sense of creating an Earth worth living. The future is thus best served by green energy, sustainability, and renewable resources. To realize such goals, waste should be considered as a valuable resource. In this context, Zea mays (Zm) root fibres, which are normally considered as agricultural waste, can be used as reinforcing substances in polymer matrices to produce structural composite materials. Before being used in composites, such fibres must be analysed for their physical properties. Chemical treatments can be employed to improve the structural quality of fibres, and the changes due to such modification can be analysed. Therefore, the current work examines the effect of permanganate treatment on the surface properties of Zm fibres. The raw and potassium permanganate-treated samples were assayed for various properties. Physical analysis of the fibre samples yielded details concerning the physical aspects of the fibres. The thermal conductivity and moisture absorption behaviour of the samples were analysed. Chemical analysis was employed to characterize the composition of both treated and untreated samples. p-XRD was employed to examine the crystalline nature of the Zm fibres. Numerous functional groups present in each sample were analysed by FTIR. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the thermal stability of Zm fibres. Elemental analysis (CHNS and EDS) was used to determine the elemental concentrations of both raw and treated samples. The surface alterations of Zm fibres brought on by treatment were described using SEM analysis. The characteristics of Zm roots and the changes in quality due to treatment were reviewed, and there were noticeable effects due to the treatment. Both samples would have applications in various fields, and each could be used as a potential reinforcing material in the production of efficient bio-composites.

RETRACTION NOTICE: Go green in a greener world. State of the Art in EU&LATAM

RETRACTION NOTICE: Go green in a greener world. State of the Art in EU&LATAM

Plastic waste in major orthopaedic surgical procedures: descriptive and sources of improvement.

The healthcare industry is a significant contributor to single-use plastic waste, particularly in the operating room (OR). This study aims to assess the volume of plastic waste generated during total hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty in the OR and identify areas for improvement. A prospective transversal study at a tertiary hospital was conducted. All total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) from April to July 2021 were included. The weight of plastic used during patient preparation, anaesthesia, and the surgical procedure was recorded. To calculate the environmental impact, a calculator generated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) was used. A total of 68 surgeries were included. The mean weight of plastic used in total was 7.3kg (SD 0.48), with the highest yielding procedure being TKA. It generated a mean of 7.63kg (SD 0.28), followed by THA at 7.28kg (SD 0.43), and RSA at 6.87kg (SD 0.47). Various scenarios were simulated to evaluate the potential impact of reducing plastic waste. Substituting plastic wrapping with recyclable materials could save 159.6kg of CO2 emissions per 100 prostheses. Eliminating non-essential equipment and adopting reusable fabric drapes also showed a significant potential. The findings highlight the need for environmentally sustainable practices in the OR. In this way, the healthcare sector can contribute to a cleaner and greener world without compromising patient safety.

The ecor as global special purpose money: towards a green international monetary system to finance sustainable and just transformation

AbstractCountries from the Global South face significant challenges to finance sustainable and just transformation. These challenges primarily stem from the hierarchical character of the current international monetary system, which requires Global South countries to obtain US dollars to finance imports of green goods, services, and technologies that they cannot (yet) produce, but require for the sustainable transformation. To overcome this hurdle, we propose the foundation of a green international monetary system with a Green World Central Bank (GWCB) at its centre. The GWCB would be allowed to create its own unit of account, which in our model we refer to as the “ecor”. The ecor would be a global special purpose money similar to Keynes’ ‘bancor’. Ecors would be created by the GWCB in the act of lending, and credited to the GWCB accounts of countries to finance imports needed to combat the climate crisis and advance the process of sustainable and just transformation in their societies and economies. Ecors transferred by deficit countries to surplus countries would only be able to be used within the system, leading to an expansionary adjustment of international imbalances. In this way, the amount of ecors would adjust elastically to the real demands for sustainable change and would not be limited by reserves or by funding conditions from private finance. This would create an international monetary system capable of responding appropriately and flexibly to ease the financing needs of countries around the world, thus enabling them, to effectively address the climate crisis on a globally just basis.

A general, resource‐based explanation for density dependence in populations of large herbivores

AbstractThe discipline of ecology seeks to understand how ecosystems, communities, and populations are regulated. A ubiquitous mechanism of population regulation of consumers is that capturing energy and nutrients in sufficient quantities for survival and reproduction becomes more difficult as population density increases. Extensive evidence has revealed that populations of large herbivores are often regulated by density dependence, defined as the reduction in the per‐capita population growth rate that occurs as populations grow large. Diminished body mass of individuals has been repeatedly observed in high‐density populations, implicating compromised nutrition as the primary cause of density dependence. However, there is no general explanation for why these nutritional deficiencies occur. Recent work demonstrated that reduced food intake rates resulting from the functional response of herbivores to depleted plant biomass does not provide a sensible explanation for density dependence because rates of food intake of herbivores are often insensitive to changes in plant biomass. A new model of feedbacks from plant biomass to herbivores shows how reduced nutrition of herbivores can result from increased dilution of nutrients in the plant tissue they consume as populations grow, even when their rate of consumption of plants remains constant. The model contains parameters that can be scaled to body mass, allowing unusually general predictions. The model shows that convex, concave, and linear relationships between the per‐capita growth rate and population density can arise from the effects of depletion of plant biomass by herbivore foraging. The model is the first to explicitly include spatial variance in the nutritional quality of plants as a general driver of herbivore population dynamics. I show how regulation of herbivore abundance by plant nutrients can occur, even when a large fraction of the consumable plant biomass remains uneaten, providing a simple, mechanistic explanation for bottom‐up control of population dynamics of primary consumers in a “green world.”

The vulnerability of shifting towards a greener world: The impact of the EU's green transition on material demand

The green transition from fossil fuels to renewables requires acquisition of rare earth minerals and other materials for construction of renewable energy technologies and may lead to new dependencies through imports potentially causing immense pressure on global supply chains. This study investigates the material vulnerability of sectors and countries in the EU. Vulnerability maps are created for the EU's material demands by combining three analyses: input-output analysis, forward linkage analysis and network analysis. The approach reveals the relative importance of individual sectors and their vulnerability given increasing demand. As such, the analyses help to identify which sectors, based on their current implementation of renewable energy sources, could put a country and the EU at risk of not meeting their mitigation targets by 2050. The analysis concludes that Austria, Germany, the Czech Republic, Denmark and Slovakia will experience particularly large material vulnerabilities in several of the materials investigated. Hence, such findings can provide early warnings to sectors and countries about potential implications in their supply chains along with potential mitigation measures such as secondary sourcing, material substitution and material diplomacy.

Celebrating 15th Anniversary of Advancement of Materials to Sustainable and Green World

Celebrating 15th Anniversary of Advancement of Materials to Sustainable and Green World

Financially Fit and Environmentally Conscious: Personal Finance in a Green World

Financially Fit and Environmentally Conscious: Personal Finance in a Green World

Paving a Way Toward Green World: Two-Track Institutional Approaches and Corporate Green Innovation

Paving a Way Toward Green World: Two-Track Institutional Approaches and Corporate Green Innovation

Transitioning into a Green World: The Dark Side of Cobalt Mining

In a gradual shift towards achieving cleaner and environmentally friendly energy sources, the electric vehicle industry has recorded tremendous growth over the last decade across Europe and America. Cobalt is a vital element used in the manufacture of certain technologies and it is now in high demand to produce lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and smartphones. The democratic republic of Congo has the largest known deposit of lithium copper with an estimated 130.000 metric tons being mined yearly. This study aims to highlight the downsides of the massive environmentally unfriendly processes of cobalt mining to foster the dream of having a non-fossil fuel-dependent world. In as much as the perceived benefits seem to be great, it is vital to consider the environmental damages caused because of the excessive mining of cobalt. Much emphasis is being placed on the democratic republic of Congo in this research as there are unaddressed issues of conflicts, war, and child labour all associated with the extraction of cobalt in the region. This study proposes some policy recommendations for a solution-oriented approach for both the government of the democratic republic of Congo and the international community in managing the associated conflict within the region as well as adhering to the sustainability development goals.

The Forest Cannot Hide It: The Maritime and the Revolutionary in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter

ABSTRACT Toward the end of The Scarlet Letter (1850), in Massachusetts’s wilderness, Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale luxuriate in a moment of intimacy that Boston cannot afford them. The wilderness emerges here initially as a green world reminiscent of the one theorized by Northrop Frye—a space in which actors can attempt to usher alternative social relations into being. Yet, unlike the green worlds of medieval romances or Renaissance dramas, Hawthorne’s fails to reorient society and politics along the more equitable lines his characters desire. This article answers a question prompted by the repeated failure of the Hawthornian green world: If such terrestrial spaces prove fruitless for those seeking new ways of being socially and politically, what territories would provide effective and affective laboratories? The author contends that Hawthorne rejects the continental, national green world in favor of the fluid, anti-national blue world of the maritime as the optimal site to revise meaningfully social relations and political moods.

Shakespeare Beyond the Green World: Drama and Ecopolitics in Jacobean Britain by Todd Andrew Borlik, and: Aerial Environments on the Early Modern Stage by Chloe Kathleen Preedy (review)

Shakespeare Beyond the Green World: Drama and Ecopolitics in Jacobean Britain by Todd Andrew Borlik, and: Aerial Environments on the Early Modern Stage by Chloe Kathleen Preedy (review)

Setting sustainability agenda at the local level: a process of compromise making

This paper examines how local actors set the sustainability agenda. By relying on the economies of worth, we explain how actors dwell upon multiple worlds to evaluate what is valuable, what is not valuable, and to promote their views. Empirically, we draw evidence from the Walloon region in Belgium, by investigating how multiple actors discuss their views in an attempt to set a sustainability agenda. We outline the multiple worlds that actors refer to during their interaction, the moments of critiques and how a compromise is shaped where the green world is given a significant prominence. Furthermore, we identify a set of mechanisms that facilitated the multi-actor interaction to shape a collective compromise as a continuous process. Points for practitioners (1) Local governments play a crucial role in sustainability policies due to their proximity to local communities, enabling the development of tailored solutions, and direct engagement with citizens to address local environmental and social challenges. (2) Agenda-setting in local sustainability policies is intricate and frequently contentious due to the diverse values, interests, and preferences of all involved stakeholders. (3) Drawing on Boltanski and Thévenot's orders of worth theory, this paper offers researchers and practitioners an approach to unpack and understand the varied values, interests, and preferences of all involved stakeholders. (4) This paper identifies and elucidates three mechanisms (reflection, engagement, and alteration) that facilitate interactions among stakeholders, allowing them to reach a compromise on a shared sustainability agenda.

A Whole Mind, an Unconquered Eye: Self-Reliance and Freedom in Henry James’s Daisy Miller

Looking at Henry James’s literary contexts can fruitfully help shed light on his work. Brilliantly versed in the literary traditions of his time, he was influenced by American, English, French and Russian writers. This article traces the influence of Emerson’s notions of freedom, natural spontaneity, innocence and self-confidence as expressed in his essays “Nature” (1836) and “Self-Reliance” (1841) in Daisy Miller (1878), whilst it investigates the ways James’s novella articulates the all-important dichotomy of self-sufficiency (individual freedom, autonomy, innocence) vs. social conformity (fear, heteronomy, hypocrisy) at play in the narrative. Daisy is the female embodiment of self-reliance as conceptualised in Emerson’s homonymous essay – a free, innocent, uncultivated, wild, and unsophisticated spirit – and so she is never afraid. Epistemology turns out to be central to the conception of the novella, as Winterbourne and the American matriarchs are shown struggling to grasp the protagonist’s puzzling innocence and true nature. As Daisy is a wild being living in accord with Nature as conceived by Emerson, the novella is punctuated by critical moments where the heroine is most at home when enmeshed in the green world, particularly in the outdoor scenes in the Château de Chillon in the Swiss Alps, the Palaces of the Caesars, the Colosseum and the Protestant cemetery in Rome.