Green World Research Articles

PHYCOLOGY FOR THE MAMMALOGIST: MARINE ROCKY SHORES AND MAMMAL-DOMINATED COMMUNITIES—HOW DIFFERENT ARE THE STRUCTURING PROCESSES?

Abstract The Hairston, Smith, and Slobodkin (1960) paper stimulated 40 years of interest on how communities are organized. Their “green world” perspective, in which terrestrial vegetation was considered to be resource rather than consumer limited, failed to acknowledge a significant role for mammals, especially ungulates. As such, its conclusions differed from comparable overviews developed for aquatic ecosystems in which the character of the producer level is determined by consumers, especially on marine intertidal shores. I argue here that omission of mammals as influential grazers distorted their perspective. Experimental studies published since 1960 identify mammals as strong interactors, that their grazing can dominate the rate of primary production, alter floristic composition, and change successional trajectories. When strong interactions have been documented in other ecosystems, they are often associated with a significant increase in indirect effects, alternative assemblage states, and even troph...

Why Are Parts of the World Green? Multiple Factors Control Productivity and the Distribution of Biomass

This paper evaluates the multiple factors that determine the production of plant biomass and its distribution among producers and various trophic groups of con_ ?^)^ Osumers. In rough order of their importance, water and nutrient availability, factors 0*S that deter herbivores (plant defenses, environmental heterogeneity and disturbance, nutrient stoichiometry), and consumption by herbivores appear to be the most universal determinants of the production and distribution of plant biomass. In some times and places, indirect effects from enemies of herbivores (predators, parasites, parasitoids and pathogens) propagate through the food web to influence plant biomass, in a manner somewhat consistent with green world and exploitation ecosystem mechanisms. I discuss why such food web dynamics appear to be much more important in water than on land. The only demonstrated cases of communitylevel trophic cascades occur in water. Although species-level cascades are moderately frequent on land, community-level cascades rarely or never occur.

Sperry’s concept of mind as an emergent property of brain function and its implications for the future of humankind

Sperry’s proposal that subjective experience plays a major role in brain function and in the emergence of mind, consciousness and human values represent a challenge to behaviorism as the dominant force in psychology. Mind is viewed as an emergent property of the brain, generated from and dependent upon neural activity, but nonetheless separate from it. Macrodeterministic factors result in the evolution of human values, which represent a critical key to world change. Two major conferences resulted from Sperry’s challenge to the scientific community. The Trieste Conference led to a ‘Declaration of Human Responsibilities’, presently under consideration by the United Nations as a corollary to the ‘Declaration of Human Rights’. The Japan Conference inspired work toward a Network University of the Green World, in which computer networking will support international communication in areas of environmental concern.

The City, the Labyrinth and the Terror Beyond: Delineating a Site of the Possible in <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i>

London, Berlin, Buenos Aires: these are only some of the Cities Imperial in <em>Gravity's Rainbow, </em>a novel in which historical fact mingles with artifacts of myth, and the fictionalized landscape of the Second World War, the novel's Zone, accommodates both the green world of Slothrop's rainbow vision and the socially engineered, sinister enclaves of preserved innocence. If for most of Pynchon's third novel the city appears, in the quasi-Romantic fashion typical of much post-Second World War American writing, as an essentially repressive, coercive, and above all imperialist construct which threatens to reduce human life to its own laws of determination, the novel offers a whole array of complementary, often highly contrasting perspectives which, taken together, constitute Pynchon's mature attempt to connect the various dialectics and myths of the urban.

Shakespeare: Reading/Text/Theory

place and time where two systems come together constitutes an environment.7 Shakespeare's plays and poems are made up of a variety of such systems: linguistic, dramatic, social, political. We, in our institutional setting, constitute another such system. Our classrooms provide environment where these multiple systems communicate with each other-where they resonate. Let me give a specific example. In my introductory Shakespeare courses at Georgetown, I require students to complete four projects, using four different critical approaches: (1) stagecraft, (2) language, (3) history of ideas, and (4) current political issues related to gender, race, nationalism, or sexual orientation. The texts for course include both Tillyard's The Elizabethan World Picture and Jonathan Culler's On Deconstruction. What I hope students learn from course happens at intersection of poetic imagery, of body movement, of ideology, of political resistance-and at intersection of pastness of Shakespeare with pressing concerns of today. The point at which these concerns meet keeps changing, and to me that's exciting thing about teaching Shakespeare. Take As You Like It, for example. When I studied play in graduate school, it seemed to be all about the green world. When I was writing Homosexual Desire in Shakespeare's England, it seemed to be all about Orlando and Ganymede. When I have most recently taught play in Reading for Sexual Difference, it seemed to my students to be all about Celia and Rosalind-especially about Celia. Who knows what it will be about ten years from now? It's not fixed meaning of these plays and poems but their complex reflective surfaces that earn Shakespeare a continuing place in curriculum. What we need just now, I would argue, is not Paradigm Regained but a version of Pilgrim's Progress.

Do Static Gains from Trade Lead to Medium-Run Growth?

Previous articleNext article No AccessCommentDo Static Gains from Trade Lead to Medium-Run Growth?Joy MazumdarJoy Mazumdar Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Political Economy Volume 104, Number 6Dec., 1996 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/262062 Views: 15Total views on this site Citations: 24Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1996 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Haiyan Luo, Xiaoe Qu Export Trade, Absorptive Capacity, and High-Quality Economic Development in China, Systems 11, no.22 (Jan 2023): 54.https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11020054Mateo Hoyos Did the trade liberalization of the 1990s really boost economic growth? a critical replication of Estevadeordal and Taylor (2013), Empirical Economics 63, no.11 (Sep 2021): 525–548.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-021-02139-8Li Xin, Yimin Wang Towards a green world: the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on the carbon intensity reduction of countries along the route, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29, no.1919 (Jan 2022): 28510–28526.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17575-3Yu Pan, Li Ma, Yanzhen Wang How and what kind of cities benefit from the development of digital inclusive finance? Evidence from the upgrading of export in Chinese cities, Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 22 (Dec 2021): 1–29.https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.2007414Carlos A. Carrasco, Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García Trade and growth in developing countries: the role of export composition, import composition and export diversification, Economic Change and Restructuring 54, no.44 (Aug 2020): 919–941.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-020-09291-8Goran Milovanović, Sandra Milanović, Goran Radisavljević Structural Changes in Foreign Trade as a Factor of Competitiveness of the Republic of Serbia, Economic Themes 58, no.22 (Jul 2020): 149–170.https://doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2020-0009Farha Fatema, Mohammad Monirul Islam, M. Shahidul Islam Does Sectoral Composition of Trade Matter for Trade-Energy-Growth Nexus? A VAR/VEC Based Analysis for China in the Presence of Structural Change, The Chinese Economy 53, no.11 (Sep 2019): 1–24.https://doi.org/10.1080/10971475.2019.1617933Tsuyoshi Shinozaki, Makoto Tawada, Mitsuyoshi Yanagihara International trade and capital accumulation in an overlapping generations model with a public intermediate good, Review of International Economics 27, no.33 (Mar 2019): 765–785.https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12396Francesca Romana Medda, Francesco Caravelli, Simone Caschili, Alan Wilson Port Attractiveness, (Apr 2017): 53–64.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47039-9_5Paul Tae-Woo Lee, Jasmine Siu Lee Lam Developing the Fifth Generation Ports Model, (Jan 2016): 186–210.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137514295_8Haizhen Yang, Wenping Zhao Research on the Influence of Foreign Trade on Upgrading of Industrial Structure in Shaanxi Province —Empirical Analysis Based on New Silk Road Economic Belt, Open Journal of Business and Management 04, no.0303 (Jan 2016): 528–534.https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2016.43057Alan V. Deardorff Growth or decline of comparative advantage, Journal of Macroeconomics 38 (Dec 2013): 12–18.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2013.08.020Antoni Estevadeordal, Alan M. Taylor Is the Washington Consensus Dead? Growth, Openness, and the Great Liberalization, 1970s–2000s, Review of Economics and Statistics 95, no.55 (Dec 2013): 1669–1690.https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00358Kozo Kiyota Trade liberalization, economic growth, and income distribution in a multiple-cone neoclassical growth model, Oxford Economic Papers 64, no.44 (Feb 2012): 655–674.https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gps002Hiroaki Sasaki TRADE, NON-SCALE GROWTH AND UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT, Metroeconomica 62, no.44 (Aug 2011): 691–711.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-999X.2011.04135.xMina Baliamoune-Lutz Growth by Destination (Where You Export Matters): Trade with China and Growth in African Countries*, African Development Review 23, no.22 (Jun 2011): 202–218.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2011.00281.xJuan Felipe Mejía Export Diversification, International Trade, and Economic Growth: A Survey of the Literature, (May 2011): 9–47.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2742-2_2Mina Baliamoune-Lutz Growth by Destination (Where You Export Matters): Trade with China and Growth in African Countries, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2010).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1680310Diery Seck An Analytical Framework for the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), Journal of African Development 9, no.11 (Apr 2007): 105–134.https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.9.1.0105Ricardo A. Lopez Trade and Growth: Reconciling the Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Evidence, Journal of Economic Surveys 19, no.44 (Sep 2005): 623–648.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00264.xNazrul Islam What have We Learnt from the Convergence Debate?, Journal of Economic Surveys 17, no.33 (Jul 2003): 309–362.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6419.00197Joshua J. Lewer INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMPOSITION AND MEDIUM-RUN GROWTH: Evidence of a Causal Relationship, The International Trade Journal 16, no.33 (Aug 2002): 295–317.https://doi.org/10.1080/08853900290090809L. Alan Winters Post-Lomé Trading Arrangements: The Multilateral Alternative, (Jan 2001): 221–259.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1643-9_10Dirk Willenbockel Growth effects of anticipated trade liberalization and the Baldwin multiplier, Economics Letters 59, no.22 (May 1998): 231–235.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(98)00039-1

Food Web Complexity and Community Dynamics

Food webs in nature have multiple, reticulate connections between a diversity of consumers and resources. Such complexity affects web dynamics: it first spreads the direct effects of consumption and productivity throughout the web rather than focusing them at particular levels. Second, consumer densities are often donor controlled with food from across the trophic spectrum, the herbivore and detrital channels, other habitats, life-history omnivory, and even trophic mutualism. Although consumers usually do not affect these resources, increased numbers often allow consumers to depress other resources to levels lower than if donor-controlled resources were absent. We propose that such donor-controlled and multichannel omnivory is a general feature of consumer control and central to food web dynamics. This observation is contrary to the normal practice of inferring dynamics by simplifying webs into a few linear levels, as per green world theories. Such theories do not accommodate commo...

Environmental decision making: research issues in the cosmetics and toiletries industry

Examines the array of areas within society that are having an impact and are likely to be affected by transition to a new, green world. Focuses on a research project currently under way in the cosmetics and toiletries industry, examining the impact of environmentalism on this industry; discusses specifically the role of marketing. Considers reasons for adopting a case‐based research methodology and explores the research questions adopted in the study. Discusses one of the case companies, placing emphasis on the research issues raised in the study.

Anthocyanins: Model Compounds for Learning about More than pH

We have all experienced anthocyanins as a part of the natural beauty of the plant world. Anthocyanins provide a startling contrast to an otherwise green world producing the beauty of garden-variety flowers, wildflowers, and the blazing colors of many trees, bushes, and berries. We believe that anthocyanins deserve a more prominent role as models for engaging student interest in basic chemical principles. In recent years it has become common to use anthocyanins as pH indicators. We believe that chemistry teachers can capitalize further on the natural interest of students in anthocyanin pigments to design meaningful lessons involving chromatography and hydrolysis. This article focuses on the use of anthocyanins in chromatography and hydrolysis.

Jakob Boehme: A gate into the green world

Jakob Boehme: A gate into the green world

96/00959 Homes for a greener world. Environmental standard

96/00959 Homes for a greener world. Environmental standard

Towards a green World order: Environment and World politics

Global environmental problems need a political solution. One of the most difficult problems for environmental political theory is to determine what this solution would be. There are two basic conditions that any proposed ‘world order’ must satisfy: it must ensure that individuals and communities comply with environmental prescriptions, and that decision‐making is flexible enough to cope with environmental problems in all their complexity. Common conceptions of a world political order, centralist and anarchist, are not likely to satisfy these conditions. It must be considered also what developments in world society are most likely to bring about a world order capable of solving environmental and related problems.

Transmutations of the Green World

Transmutations of the Green World

Does your mother know?

Does your mother know?

Editors' Note

Editors' Note Louisa Smith and Jack Zipes The American experience as interpreted in children's literature portrays a land interacting with characters and frequently providing a challenge that young people must meet and come to understand. The first three essays provide the reader with insights into the role of nature, borders, and pastoral values that are particularly American. 1994 celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of D-Day. War presents a different challenge to American children whether it be a projected nuclear war or the American Revolution. Strangely, during World War II, few books mentioned the war. Only after a period of years did authors begin examining children's and young adults' involvement with the war, a subject explored by Caroline Hunt. Joel Chaston presents the paradox of the Oz fantasy. Where is our heart's desire? Has Baum situated it in America, in the heartland? J. D. Stahl will guest edit the next issue on Recent Developments in European Children's Literary Theory (June 1995), and Suzanne Rahn will edit the December 1995 issue on the topic Green Worlds: Nature in Children's Books. Future themes include Children's Literature and Film, Forgotten and Neglected Authors, and The Great Collectors. [End Page v] Copyright © 1994 The Johns Hopkins University Press

Greening Business Education

The rise of environmentalism has created new demands on business corporations. The public now expects companies to deal with a host of problems involving environmental protection, worker and public safety, and health risks emerging from corporate activities. If managers are to cope with these new challenges, their education and training must be revised appropriately. Management education must provide appropriate values, conceptual frameworks, and technical information-as well as skills-needed to manage effectively in an increasingly green world. This article explores the possibilities for greening business education by articulating a conception of "eccentric pedagogy."

Approaches to Teaching the Arthurian Tradition edited by Maureen Fries and Jeanie Watson (review)

84Arthuriana MAUREEN FRIES ANDJeanie WATSON, eds. Approaches to TeachingtheArthurian Tradition. Approaches to Teaching World Literature, 40. New Yotk: The Modern Language Association ofAmerica, 1992. Paper. Pp. xi, 195. ISBN: 0-87352-702-X $19.75. APPROACHES TO Teaching the Arthurian Tradition addresses many pedagogical needs. Much ofit is learned and sensible, ifoccasionally predictable, and both beginning and experienced teachers should find ideas worth trying. I'll try not to duplicate Miriam Miller's thoughtful review but will comment on a few of the essays and some issues they raise. Alan Gaylord's Arthur and the Green World' reaches deep to convey what is special, and perhaps most important, in the tradition. Phillip C. Boardman's 'Teaching the Moderns in an Arthurian Course' lists more recent works than I dreamed existed and organizes them according to a sensible taxonomy. He may exaggetate the quality of recent Arthurian fiction (an easy enough thing to do), but, whatever the period, Arthurian fans tend to mistake our own enthusiasm for the inherent quality of the writing. James E. Schultz's 'Teaching Gottfried and Wolfram' reminds me of the excitement ofteaching those two masterpieces simultaneously, someming I have not done since changing myArthur course from medieval to medieval/modern. Yet, Schultz prods meto acknowledge, teachingParzivalwithout Tristran may mean not adequately teaching Parzival. Robert L. Kindrick's 'Which Malory Should I Teach?' uses solid scholarly work to support a pedagogical position with which I cannot agree. When the Caxton edition vs. Winchester Cathedral ms (now British Museum Additional 59678) controversy first came to my attention about thirty years ago, arguments about the authenticity and merit of the two versions were already yielding diminishing returns. Then Lone Hellingaand Hilton Kelliherargued that, as Kindricksummarizes, 'Caxton apparently knew of the Malory manuscript and likely even had it in his possession yet largely rejected it, probably in favor of a more authoritative text.' If this is so then Caxton best represents Malory. Yet does this possibility demand either that 'for upper-division andgraduatestudents' we teach 'both' Malorysorthat forsuch students 'a consideration ofthese central dilemmas in Malory scholarship is essential' (105)? Many texts exist in two or more versions without their relative merits becoming a critical obsession. For the scholar the first step is to get the text right, granted, but for the teacher such 'dilemmas' in Malory need be no more 'essential' than similar dilemmas in Chaucer, Shakespeare, Marlowe, Wordsworth, or Auden. Why not just introduce the problem (doing so takes about ten minutes) and get on with interpreting the text at hand? Which Malory, then? Kindrick's own evidence favors a Caxton-based text. Even if Caxton is less true to Malory than the manuscript, his edition has been the Malory from the fifteenth to the mid-twentieth century. Most important postmedieval Arthurian works in English (Tennyson, Twain, White) derive from Caxton, and we teach the Arthurian tradition. I use Cowan's Penguin edition. Reviews85 Those for whom life without this Malory dilemma would be unlivable may find solace in Linda K. Hughess essay onTennyson. The IdylL· oftheKingwe know did not appear until 1908, when the revisions and arrangement authorized byTennyson were published by his son Hallam. Hughes advises having 'students re-create the reading order ofVictorian audiences who first received Tennyson's "serial poem"'(106) as it appeared, in pieces ofvarious length, over several decades. Doing so yields scholarly but also pedagogical returns. As Tennyson had to educate his audience about Arthur, Hughes shows, the original 'reading order' is easier for our students. Hughes's approach seems to me exactly right for a course in nineteenth-century British literature. Yet dare we deprive Arthurian students of Tennyson's own final vision of the IdylL·, as the narrative unfolds in its full chronological and symbolic richness? Although as Hughes notes, it would be ideal for students to read the Idylls first in serial then in chronological sequence, few ofus will take time for that. For the 1990's, which Tennyson may be a more productive question than which Malory. Whether it is or not, Hughes has disturbed my own complacency about how I teach, just as contributors to such a volume should. In 'Women in Arthurian Literature,' Maureen Fries...

A green world - the role of the engineer

In this article an attempt is made to broaden the environmental debate beyond the normal limits of energy and CFCs into wider engineering industry, and to quantify the role of the engineer in these issues. Problems associated with the energy industry, stratospheric ozone depletion, heavy metals, persistent organics and wastes are discussed in depth. From this discussion, further aspects of the engineer&apos;s role are identified.

Approaches to Teaching the Arthurian Tradition ed. by Maureen Fries, Jeanie Watson

REVIEWS us what the social should mean to us" (p. 132), to be particularly disappointing. The concluding chapter 10 is more lively, however. Beginning with an interesting analogy between Chaucer's poem and Richard Strauss's Ariadne au/Naxos, Frantzen proceeds to remark on Luce Irigaray's thesis regarding the relation ofwomen's pleasure to material circumstances and nonaccess to the symbolic order. Frantzen does well in his summary assessment of Cri­ seyde. Following Carolyn Dinshaw, he unsettles moralistic evaluations of Criseyde: "The price of her participation in the symbolic order, demon­ strated by her function in the social order, is her silence" (p. 136). Were Strauss's Zerbinetta to assess Criseyde's fate, she would know better than to try "to fit Criseyde's circumstances into a rigid, moralistic framework" (p. 137). In his summary evaluation of Troilus as hero, Frantzen again calls on Irigaray, particularly her remarks about "masculine language," to challenge Chaucerians-"guilty liberals, many of them, eager to find in Chaucer another guilty liberal like themselves" (p. 138)-who address gender issues with one-sided blinders. We need to do more than simply champion "op­ pressed women," he argues, and begin to listen to Chaucer's men with as much attentiveness as we have recently studied his women. RUSSELL A. PECK University of Rochester MAUREEN FRIES and JEANIE WATSON, eds. Approaches to Teaching the Arthurian Tradition. Approaches to Teaching World Literature, vol. 40. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1992. Pp. xi, 195. $34.00 cloth, $19.00 paper. A senior colleague in our department suggested to me in 1986 that I present two courses--one undergraduate, one graduate--on the Arthurian tradition. I was sufficiently ignorant of the tradition to think that the courses would be easy to prepare and teach. I learned better. I found myself entangled in primary works in medieval German, French, and English; in Tennyson's Idylls; and, from my own century, in works by T. H. White, Stewart, Berger, and others. I also found almost no guide to teaching Mal­ ory. William J. Connelly's two-page "Teaching Malory's Morte Darthur" 199 STUDIES IN THE AGE OF CHAUCER (Avalon to Camelot 2, no. 2 (1986}: 42--43) and the friendly advice ofSally K. Slocum at a conference were the only resources I could draw on. New teachers of Malory can still draw on Connelly's essay. Thanks to Approaches to Teaching the Arthurian Tradition, they can also draw on Slocum's advice ("Arthur the Great Equalizer," pp. 127-30) and, moreover, find a great many other guides to teaching Arthur at all levels, including secondary school. As with the other Approaches to Teaching . . . texts from the MLA, this one opens with "Part One: Materials." Fries begins the section with "Texts for Teaching" and then turns to "Readings." The "Texts" range from Geoffrey ofMonmouth and the Mabinogion through medieval French and German works up to English-language Arthurian works medieval and modern. Where appropriate, she lists both original-language sources and modern translations and adds a section on anthologies. Her "Readings" section lists background titles (The Consolation ofPhilos­ ophy, On Christian Doctrine) and major critical works (e.g., Larry Benson's Malory's Morte Darthur). She also lists the major journals devoted to Ar­ thuriana. The later "Works Cited" supplements this section with a well­ selected list ofmajor critical studies running up to 1991 (pp. 165-88). An "Aids to Teaching" section, discussing projects ranging from medieval feasts to slide shows, closes part 1. Fries opens part 2, "Approaches," by introducing the essays to follow. She adds a section on projects, papers, and assignments but does not in­ clude examination questions (as, for example, Miriam Youngerman Miller and Jane Chance do in their Approaches book on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight). The "Approaches" section then turns to "Teaching the Backgrounds," with three essays. "Teaching the King Arthur of History and Chronicle," by Norris J. Lacy, and "Arthur and the Green World," by Alan T. Gay­ lord, discuss the Arthur of post-Roman Britain and the Arthur of the Celtic tradition. These essays lead up to Raymond H. Thompson's "Modern Visions and Revisions ofthe Matter ofBritain," which begins...

The Ambivalent Green World: Green Values as an Aspect of the World-View of Adolescents

ABSTRACT Attitudes of youngsters with respect to nature and environmental policy were investigated together with a large sample of scales measuring socio-cultural and socio-economic attitudes. These ‘green values’ could be differentiated in a pessimistic view on recent technological developments, in which the danger for the natural environment tends to be stressed, and a positive attitude towards nature itself, that goes with valuing naturalistic and sober lifestyles as a possible solution to environmental pollution. This ‘green thinking’ is not easily explained as belonging to extreme left-wing politics—as is suggested by the adjective ‘green’ in extreme left-wing political parties in Western Europe. Especially its more romantic aspects seem to be more of a conventional kind. Lower educated pupils are far more supportive of this green romanticism than better educated pupils are, but this tends to be accompanied by traditional and intolerant attitudes.