Green Transportation Research Articles

Assessment and Analysis on the Structure Status and CO2 Emissions from Freight Transport in China

With the booming freight industry in China in recent years, the freight volume has presented a growing trend, but the accompanied motor vehicle pollution emission becomes increasingly prominent. For the purpose of green development in freight industry, China is taking active measures to reduce emissions. Among them, the structural emission reduction enjoys the greatest potential in energy conservation and emission reduction in the transportation industry in the future. Its key is to adjust the current unreasonable transportation structure in China, and promote the transfer of freight transport from road to rail and water through the development of multimodal transport. Therefore, systematically finding out the structural characteristics of China’s freight industry and sorting out the problems existing in the freight structure can provide technical support for promoting the structural emission reduction of the freight industry and building an intensive, efficient and green cargo transportation system. This study systematically analyzed the overall development and structural characteristics of China’s freight transportation, calculated the current situation and characteristics of CO2 emissions in China’s freight transportation sector, summarized and analyzed the main problems facing energy conservation and emission reduction in China’s freight transportation sector, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.

Evaluating Roadblocks to Implementing a Green Freight Transportation System: An Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Digraph Matrix Approach

Nowadays, freight logistics industries are seeking to adopt green freight practices in their transport systems to reduce environmental concerns; efficient green freight practices lead to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions while using less energy and material. The freight logistics industry, despite its significant contribution to a country's monetary development and economic welfare, is not well regarded because of its role in contaminating the climate. However, the freight logistics industry is trying to implement a green freight transportation system to improve their image with buyers. However, they are facing a lot of obstacles. Therefore, this article seeks to identify the barriers to the implementation of green freight in first world and third world nations and formulate them into a single numeric index. The interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set based graph theory and matrix approach technique has been used in this research to derive the green freight barrier impact index value. The PERMAN algorithm is used to compute the permanent function of matrices. Findings suggest that the freight logistics industries in third world nations should pay more attention to societal and managerial barriers for successful implementation of green freight. This research will assist policymakers and managers of freight logistics industries to create strategies to overcome the hurdles in properly implementing green freight practices.

Development of the electric vehicle market in Russia and China

The scientific problem of the energy transition and building a “green” economy remains one of the most pressing both abroad and in Russia. The main directions are the development of environmentally friendly production, achieving carbon neutrality, developing the car market using new energy sources, etc. In this regard, the object of this paper is to conduct a more in-depth study and analysis of the regulation of electric vehicles sales globally, in China and Russia. This article presents a proactive transportation strategy and forecast that prioritizes the expansion of the electric vehicle segment and the technologies used in production in Russia and China. The legal and economic basis for regulating the use of electric vehicles is characterized, and a comparative characterization of production and development of the transport market is made. As the main recommendation, the need to improve Russian transportation legislation with further changes and adjustments to the regulatory framework can be outlined. It seems appropriate to develop a number of additional incentive measures for both manufacturers of electric vehicles and their consumers, providing the emerging market with the necessary service and electric charging infrastructure, which confirms the proposed research hypothesis. The results of the work may be useful to experts and specialists in the field of green energy and transport, government authorities, as well as researchers studying scientific problems of developing environmentally friendly and intelligent electric vehicles.

Modelling and application of a spectral clustering method for shared bicycle trajectories

Geographic flow clustering analysis can effectively reveal human behavioral patterns in movement. Traditional methods for studying human movement patterns are mostly based on first-order quantity analyses of point data, such as hotspots, density or clustering. Currently, relatively few second-order spatial analysis methods based on geographic flows exist. Thus, we developed a new geographic flow method based on spectral clustering and applied it to trajectory data analysis. This article uses the bike-sharing trajectories data in Shanghai in August 2016, spectral clustering analysis was conducted on the group flow patterns before, during and after rainfall, on weekdays and weekends and in the morning and evening peak. Spectral clustering was verified to exhibit better clustering effect by comparing the clustering indices of different clustering methods. This study enriches the analysis method of geographical flows, and the human mobility patterns revealed by its analysis can provide references for formulating urban green travel policies.

A refined measurement method of highway truck carbon emissions in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality --Take G30 Yandun Toll Station as an Example

This study uses two different carbon emission factor methods to analyze the differences in carbon emissions from trucks under different types and times. The analysis is based on the Xinjiang Expressway Database and other data, with the G30 Yandun Toll Station as an example. The study aims to provide insight into the environmental impact of trucking and inform future policy decisions. The study indicates that heavy-duty trucks are responsible for 90% and 97% of the total carbon emissions from all trucks, respectively. The number of vehicles and the type of trucks are the main factors contributing to these emissions. Additionally, the second quarter shows the highest carbon emissions, while the first quarter exhibits the most considerable difference between the results of the two methods. In March, carbon emissions were at their highest. Additionally, the fuel consumption of trucks with GVW ⩾ 31000kg was the highest, with a significant difference between the results of the two methods. It is worth noting that the fuel consumption of trucks with GVW ⩾ 31000kg was also measured. This study provides data to support the implementation of policies related to transportation carbon emissions in Xinjiang. The paper is significant for promoting green travel.

A method for predicting carbon emissions from green transportation based on wavelet threshold denoising

A method for predicting carbon emissions from green transportation based on wavelet threshold denoising

A Preliminary Study on the Evaluation and Improvement Strategies of the Service Quality of Shared Green Transportation Mobility in Taiwan

A Preliminary Study on the Evaluation and Improvement Strategies of the Service Quality of Shared Green Transportation Mobility in Taiwan

Schengen railway border of European community and connection points

The paper aims to study and present the actual railway connections along the West and South Romanian border, being also the East European Community border and Eastern European Community Schengen border, with neighbours Hungary, Serbia and Bulgaria. In the introduction of the paper, are presented the two corridors designed in Strategy for Mobility and Transport of European Community: Orient/East – Mediterranean Corridor and Rhine – Danube Corridor, that are passing thru Romania. The second part of the paper is allocated to the punctual railway connections that existed and exists along the western and southern border that are active, can be activated and used as gates and passing points for freight and passengers trains using a high capacity of transport on a green transport infrastructure that is more and more used for all medium long and long routes. Finally, the campaign that Romanian Railway Administrator (CFR S.A) is developing on border points is taken into account.

Assessment method of urban green transportation development level based on improved matter-element extension method

Assessment method of urban green transportation development level based on improved matter-element extension method

Research on the Characteristics and Evaluation Metrics of Green Highway Corridors

This paper reviews the key characteristics and the progress of research on the evaluation metrics for green highway corridors. Initially, it defines the concept of green highway corridors. Subsequently, the paper thoroughly discusses the multidimensional metrics used to evaluate the success of these corridors. Finally, it suggests recommendations for optimizing the design and evaluation methods of green highway corridors. This review aims to serve as a reference for researchers in the fields of highway engineering and environmental science, and to promote the development of green transportation infrastructure.

A method for predicting carbon emissions from green transportation based on wavelet threshold denoising

A method for predicting carbon emissions from green transportation based on wavelet threshold denoising

Alternative Propulsion in Railway Passenger Transport – the Way to Green Transport

Alternative and hybrid propulsions in railway passenger transport can significantly contribute to the reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants around non or semi-electrified railway lines, what is beneficial for the environment and human health. These new technologies can bring savings in operational and societal costs. The article deals with the comparison of the production of pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions when using different rolling stocks (diesel, hybrid, etc.) on the semi-electrified railway line Vrútky - Horná Štubňa. Based on available valuations of individual types of externalities, the external costs are calculated for different rolling stocks taking into account the parameters of the selected railway line (electrified or non-electrified section of the line, rural or central area and so on).

Assessment method of urban green transportation development level based on improved matter-element extension method

Assessment method of urban green transportation development level based on improved matter-element extension method

The Influence Of Green Transportation And Gen Z Consumer Behavior On The Selection Of Biskita Trans Pakuan Transportation Mode

Concern over sustainable transportation is growing as the demand for environmentally friendly alternatives increases. This study examines the impact of green transportation and Gen Z consumer behaviour as independent variables on the choice of transportation mode. The findings correspond with other studies, emphasizing the importance of green transportation and consumer behaviour in affecting the mode of transportation chosen. The purpose is to examine the direct correlation between green transport and the behaviour of Gen Z consumers, considering them as independent variables that impact the choice of transportation mode as the dependent variable. The sample comprised participants who had utilised Biskita transport on at least one occasion. They were residents of Bogor city, born between 1996 and 2010. The study aimed to investigate the influence of green transportation and Gen Z consumer behaviour on mode choice. Path analysis was conducted in order to understand the direct effects of relationship between variables. Data analysis was carried out using Smart PLS software. This study is constrained by the limited amount of available data and a small sample size of participants. The results is green transportation and gen z consumer behaviour have a significant direct influence on transport mode choice. Green transportation is critical in providing information that increases consumer awareness of environmental issues and enables consumer behaviour to better respond to external pressures and encourages consideration of environmental issues when making decisions on the mode of transport used and implementing actions that increase the likelihood of achieving optimal mode choice.
 
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Investigating the parameters which influence green supply chain management in agricultural industry

The main objective of the current research is to identify and prioritize factors affecting the efficacy of green supply chain management (GSCM) in the agricultural sector in Indonesia. For this purpose, three factors of production, purchase and green transportation were considered in the green supply chain. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-quantitative in terms of data type. To collect information, both library and field methods were used, and in this way, the statistical population in this study is 415 employees of the green food manufacturing companies in Indonesia, such as: BOHAN Food , Asian Agri, Ardena Food and others, who were selected by Cochrane sampling method, and to measure information from a standard 19-item questionnaire in the period of 2022-2023. A five-point Likert scale was used. To analyze the data, partial least squares method and Smart-PLS software were employed. In order to fit the reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was used and its coefficient is more than 0.7 for all research constructs. The results indicated that the performance evaluation of GSCM in the agricultural industry is significantly related to green purchasing, production, and transportation, whilst the green production is the most affecting variable. Based on the results of this research, it can be suggested to the agricultural and food companies of the studied area that, If the green supply chain is employed instead of the traditional one, the environmental performance will be maintained and the financial performance of their businesses will be improved concurrently.

A Comprehensive Review on The Potential of Green Hydrogen in Empowering the Low-Carbon Economy: Development Status, Ongoing Trends and Key Challenges

Green hydrogen is currently considered a key element for delivering free-carbon energy. This paper provides an extensive assessment of the potential of green hydrogen technology as a pathway to the low-carbon economy while highlighting the major technical challenges to its implementation. A detailed overview of green hydrogen production, storage technologies, transportation infrastructures and green hydrogen implementations is provided. Status of the ongoing trends for repurposing the existing gas grid infrastructures to transport the hydrogen safely across Europe is presented in this work, with 48 sample projects statistically reviewed and classified based on the key challenges being addressed. The potential of green hydrogen in decarbonizing the energy sector and the associated technical challenges are widely reviewed and critically assessed. Detailed discussions have been provided on the optimal sizing of renewable hydrogen energy systems, real-world modelling of hydrogen energy storage elements and the smart energy management strategies for the application of hydrogen electrolysers as smart controllable loads. Some prospects are given on how digital key trends of blockchain technologies could support the growth of green hydrogen markets together with emphasis on the raised research questions. Further assessment is presented on the potential of green hydrogen versus blue hydrogen while reflecting on future directions and policy recommendations for planning a successful energy transition. Finally, some future insights and near-term policy recommendations are provided for promoting the use of green hydrogen production while supporting the green hydrogen industry.

Establish of air pollutants and greenhouse gases emission inventory and co-benefits of their reduction of transportation sector in Central China

Recently, the transportation sector in China has gradually become the main source of urban air pollution and primary driver of carbon emissions growth. Considering air pollutants and greenhouse gases come from the same emission sources, it is necessary to establish an updated high-resolution emission inventory for the transportation sector in Central China, the most polluted region in China. The inventory includes on-road mobile, non-road mobile, oil storage and transportation, and covers 9 types of air pollutants and 3 types of greenhouse gases. Based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model, the emissions of pollutants were predicted for the period from 2020 to 2035 in different scenarios. Results showed that in 2020, emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, VOCs, NH3, BC, OC, CO2, CH4, and N2O in Henan Province were 27.5, 503.2, 878.6, 20.1, 17.4, 222.1, 21.5, 9.4, 2.9, 92,077.9, 6.0, and 10.4 kilotons, respectively. Energy demand and pollutant emissions in Henan Province are simulated under four scenarios (Baseline Scenario (BS), Pollution Abatement Scenario (PA), Green Transportation Scenario (GT), and Reinforcing Low Carbon Scenario (RLC)). The collaborative emission reduction effect is most significant in the RLC scenario, followed by the GT scenario. By 2035, under the RLC scenario, energy consumption and emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, VOCs, NH3, CO2, CH4, and N2O are projected to decrease by 72.0%, 30.0%, 55.6%, 56.0%, 38.6%, 39.7%, 51.5%, 66.1%, 65.5%, 55.4%, and 52.8%, respectively. This study provides fundamental data support for subsequent numerical simulations.

Viability of sustainable logistics practices enabling circular economy: A system dynamics approach

AbstractTransitioning toward a circular economy (CE) offers a promising avenue for achieving sustainable logistics systems. Nevertheless, the assessment of sustainable logistics practices (SLPs) in the CE context presents challenges due to the inherent dynamism and complexity of logistics systems. This study aims to assess SLPs toward a CE by employing a system dynamics analysis. Specifically, we focus on four sustainability practices: green purchasing (GP), eco‐design (ED), reverse logistics (RL), and green transportation (GT). These practices are assessed in terms of economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability performance using a hypothetical case study centered on pallet manufacturing and distribution system. The results revealed that the RL practice yields improved economic and social performance, while GT enhances environmental performance more significantly when compared to the other three practices. Our analysis shows RL as a promising practice that enhances overall sustainability performance. This model serves as a valuable tool for decision‐makers aiding them in the prioritization of sustainability practices based on their performance within various CE strategies.

Understanding the Increase in H2/Air PEM Fuel Cell Performance of Pt Based Cathode Catalysts with the Tailored Pore Structure of Mesoporous Graphitic Spheres

To reach its climate neutrality goal by 2050, the European Union has agreed on ceasing the sale of new petrol and diesel-driven vehicles by the end of 2035. Therefore, interest in carbon-neutral transport options, such as battery-electric vehicles (BEV) or fuel-cell-electric vehicles (FCEV) has tremendously increased. Especially for heavy-duty applications, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can be a viable solution, as they exhibit a higher gravimetric power density compared to BEVs.[1] However, cost and supply constraints of the catalyst active material, i.e. platinum, are still a major hurdle to make PEMFCs competitive with incumbent technologies. While this has been addressed by a reduction of the Pt loading, this induces some major drawbacks regarding the overall performance due to the decrease in catalyst activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the increase in proton and oxygen mass transport resistances to the Pt surface.[2] It has been shown that those issues can be mitigated by using cathode catalyst materials with a mesoporous carbon support, as they exhibit a high ORR activity while additionally facilitating the transport of protons and gaseous oxygen to Pt nanoparticles that are located inside the pores of the carbon support particles.[3] Previous studies have demonstrated that by using a multi-step catalyst synthesis procedure where Pt nanoparticles are incorporated into a mesoporous graphitic sphere (MGS) support and subjected to a pore-confined growth by a subsequent high-temperature treatment, a precisely defined catalyst structure is achieved with a good H2/air performance as well as high stability towards catalyst degradation.[4] In order to correlate the impact of a precisely defined mesoporous carbon structure on the overall H2/air performance, single cell tests were performed using 5 cm2 membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with cathode loadings of 0.1 mgPt cmMEA -2 using different commercially available 20 wt.% Pt/C catalysts as well as a 28 wt.% Pt/C catalyst based on lab-scale synthesized carbon supports: i) Ketjen black (KB, TEC10E20E, TKK); ii) Vulcan (Vu, TEC10V20E, TKK); and, iii) mesoporous graphitic spheres (MGS). The latter was produced following the procedure by Knosalla et al.[5] A full MEA characterization was included to measure the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) by CO-stripping, the H2/air performance at different operating conditions (high and low relative humidity and high pressure), the H2/O2 performance, and the O2 and H+ transport resistance in the cathode by limiting current measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. Finally, the catalyst morphology has been studied ex/situ using three/dimensional reconstruction by electron tomography and by gas adsorption measurements (argon at 87 K and water at 298 K).It was found, that the mesoporous carbon support significantly improves the H+ and O2 transport, resulting in an improved H2/air performance compared to both commercial catalyst materials (see. Fig. 1 MGS vs. KB or Vu). Interestingly, the MGS retains also a high ORR catalyst mass activity (imass ≈ 400 A/gPt) which is similar to the one of Pt/KB cathode catalysts (with higher internal microporous structure), leading to the good H2/air performance also at low current densities. The overall optimal performance of Pt/MGS suggests that these materials have a defined porous internal network structure which combines the beneficial effect of a facilitated O2 and H+ transport through larger mesopores while still shielding the Pt surface from ionomer contact by incorporation of Pt nanoparticles into smaller micropores.

Ammonia as an Energy Carrier for Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage

An emerging energy carrier, ammonia (NH3), has attracted ever-increasing attention due to its high hydrogen content (17.65 wt. %) and its ease of storage, transportation, and handling [1,2]. This work aims to investigate the feasibility of utilizing ammonia as an energy carrier for intermittent renewable energy conversion and storage via an electrochemical flow cell, which includes two independent electrocatalytic processes (Fig. 1): ammonia production via nitrogen reduction and electricity generation via ammonia oxidation [3,4]. Firstly, the effects of structural design and operating parameters on the flow cell performance are investigated. Our preliminary results have shown that the ammonia yield reaches 27.9 μg h−1 mg−1 and the power density reaches 20.7 mW cm-2. Secondly, an in-depth analysis and discussion on the simultaneous transport of mass and charge through the flow cell are conducted. Thirdly, a techno-economic assessment for using ammonia as an energy carrier is performed. These research findings will provide crucial insights into the utilization of ammonia as an energy carrier for renewable energy conversion and storage.AcknowledgementThis work was fully supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 52022003)References[1] Y. Zhao, B.P. Setzler, J. Wang, J. Nash, T. Wang, B. Xu, Y. Yan, An efficient direct ammonia fuel cell for affordable carbon-neutral transportation, Joule, 3 (2019) 2472–2484.[2] Y. Guo, Z. Pan, L. An, Carbon-free sustainable energy technology: Direct ammonia fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 476 (2020) 228454.[3] Y. Liu, Z. Pan, O.C. Esan, X. Xu, L. An, Performance characteristics of a direct ammonia fuel cell with an anion exchange membrane, Energy Fuels, 36 (2022) 13203-13211.[4] Y. Liu, Z. Pan, O.C. Esan, X. Liu, H. Wang, L. An, Efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia with FeNi-Co/carbon mat electrodes, J. Alloys Compd, 927 (2022) 166973.Figure 1. Ammonia as an energy carrier for renewable energy conversion and storage. Figure 1