Development Of Green Technologies Research Articles

Factors Driving Social Capital Participation in Urban Green Development: A Case Study on Green Renovation of Old Residential Communities Under Urban Renewal in China

Urban green development is crucial for citizen well-being and serves as a key pillar of sustainable development strategies. Collaborative governance mechanisms help address management, technical, and financial challenges in urban green development. The renovation of old residential communities within the context of urban renewal is becoming a focal point in the development of Chinese cities. To promote green development in the renovation of old residential communities in China, this study introduces the collaborative governance mechanism of government–social capital cooperation and identifies the factors influencing social capital participation in green development. A hybrid approach is proposed, combining grounded theory, IGAHP subjective weighting, CRITIC objective weighting, game theory, and ISM. This approach is applied to identify, evaluate, and analyze the factors driving social capital participation in the green renovation of old residential communities. The results indicate that government incentives and constraints, policy support, the costs and benefits of implementing green renovation, the development of green renovation technologies, and construction technical abilities significantly influence the decision-making of social capital. The findings provide theoretical support for decision-making by governments and social capital in participating in the green renovation of old residential communities and offer a methodological reference for analyzing social capital participation in other urban green development projects and for further policy formulation. Future research should focus on examining social capital involvement in other types of urban green development projects.

Development and Application of Green Building Technologies

As the global population grows, people's demand for residential land has gradually increased. A large number of people have poured into cities, resulting in an increase in various needs for resources, making the original traditional city design extremely burdened. To address this, engineers introduced the concept of smart cities, leveraging technological advancements to enhance urban sustainability and livability. This paper explores the integration of green building technologies into smart city development, aiming to optimize resource use and reduce environmental impact. The research methodology involves literature review and drawing inspiration from various scientific inventions, promoting the use of green technology in the construction of smart cities. This paper finds that green building technologies play a big role in the construction of smart cities.

Effect of soil-groundwater system on migration and transformation of organochlorine pesticides: A review.

Soil is the place where human beings, plants, and animals depend on for their survival and the link between the various ecological layers. Groundwater is an important component of water resources and is one of the most important sources of water for irrigated agriculture, industry, mining and cities because of its stable quantity and quality. Soil and groundwater are important strategic resources highly valued by countries around the world. However, in recent years, the deterioration of the ecological environment of soil-groundwater caused by industrial, domestic, and agricultural pollution sources has continued to threaten human health and ecological security. Among them, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), as typical organic pollutants, cause very serious pollution of soil and groundwater environment. However, most studies on the pollution of OCPs have focused on the aboveground or surface water environment, and little consideration has been given to the pollution and hazards of OCPs to the deep soil and groundwater environment, especially the effects of different environmental factors on the transport and transformation of OCPs in soil-groundwater. Moreover, in addition to the influence of a single factor on it, the interactions that arise between different factors cannot be ignored. This paper focuses on two major sources of OCPs in soil and groundwater environments, compiles and summarizes the effects of environmental factors such as pH, microbial communities and enzyme activities on the transport and transformation of OCPs in soil and groundwater systems, discusses the synergistic effects of individual environmental factors and others, and comprehensively analyses the effects of synergistic effects of various environmental factors on the transport and transformation of OCPs. In the context of ecological civilization construction, it provides the scientific basis and theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of OCPs-contaminated soil and groundwater, and puts forward new ideas and suggestions for the research and development of green, eco-friendly remediation and treatment technologies for OCPs-contaminated sites.

High-Performance and Anti-Freezing Moisture-Electric Generator Combining Ion-Exchange Membrane and Ionic Hydrogel.

Moisture-electric generators (MEGs), which convert moisture chemical potential energy into electrical power, are attracting increasing attention as clean energy harvesting and conversion technologies. However, existing devices suffer from inadequate moisture trapping, intermittent electric output, suboptimal performance at low relative humidity (RH), and limited ion separation efficiency. This study designs an ionic hydrogel MEG capable of continuously generating energy with enhanced selective ion transport and sustained ion-to-electron current conversion at low RH by integrating an ion-exchange membrane (IEM-MEG). A single IEM-MEG exhibits a maximum open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.815 V and a short-circuit current (ISC) of 101 µA at 80% RH. Even at a low RH of 10%, a stable VOC of 0.43 V and ISC of 11 µA can be generated. Moreover, the antifreeze performance of the device is improved by adding LiCl, which significantly expands its operational range in low-temperature environments. Finally, a simple series-parallel connection of six IEM-MEGs can yield an enhanced VOC of 4.8 V and a ISC of ≈0.6 mA, and the scalable units can directly power commercial electronics. This study provides new insights into the design of MEGs that will advance the development of green energy conversion technologies in the future.

Based on EVA Model's Enterprise Value Assessment: A Case Study of CATL

With the research, development, and promotion of green and low-carbon technologies, renewable energy has become the pillar of global low-carbon economic growth. In the context of vigorously developing new energy vehicles, the shipments of the power battery market in China and even globally have maintained a high growth rate and achieved remarkable results. In today's rapidly developing era, accurately assessing the value of new energy enterprises becomes particularly crucial. Such assessments are not only of great significance to investors pursuing potential investment returns but also play a non-negligible role for managers who wish to enhance corporate performance through management. A deep understanding of the value of new energy enterprises is of paramount importance. Therefore, this paper analyzes the enterprise value of CATL based on the EVA model, hoping to provide a reference for related fields.

Research on Digital Technology to Promote Low-Carbon Transformation of Manufacturing Industries Under the Perspective of Green Credit: An Evolutionary Game Theory Approach

With the increasing global concern for environmental protection and sustainable development, the low-carbon transformation of the manufacturing industries has become a top priority. The rapid development of green digital technology (GDT) provides new opportunities and a strong impetus for the low-carbon transformation of the manufacturing industries. Meanwhile, green credit, as an important financial tool to promote the development of the green economy, plays a key role in guiding resource allocation. In order to respond to the urgent global demand for environmental protection and sustainable development and to accelerate the pace of the low-carbon transformation of manufacturing industries, based on evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model of commercial banks (CBs), digital businesses (DBs) and manufacturing industries (MIs); further subdivides the MIs into two categories of non-polluting MIs and polluting Mis; and performs a numerical simulation using Python to analyze the influence of the main parameters on the evolutionary stabilization strategy. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Changes in the interest rate of the green credit have a greater impact on the strategic evolution process of polluting MIs than non-polluting MIs. The green credit model contributes to the introduction of GDT for the low-carbon transformation by non-polluting MIs, although for polluting MIs, the model hinders, to some extent, their introduction of GDT for the low-carbon transformation. (2) Polluting MIs are more sensitive to the investment cost of introducing GDT than non-polluting MIs. When the support benefits of GDT are too low, polluting MIs are more inclined to choose independent innovation to realize the low-carbon transition. (3) Government subsidies to DBs in terms of GDT innovation are crucial to the DBs’ strategy choices. High subsidies can significantly accelerate the cooperation process between DBs and Mis. The findings reveal the challenges and opportunities faced by both non-polluting and polluting manufacturing industries in the process of the low-carbon transformation. In addition, the study provides theoretical references for the behavioral decisions of commercial banks, digital businesses, and manufacturing industries, and proposes corresponding management suggestions to promote the sustainable development of the manufacturing industries.

Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Treatment of Oilfield Produced Water

The quality of produced water in oil and gas field is complex and difficult to treat. Ultrasonic water treatment technology has a good effect on degradation of organic polymers and demulsification, but its application is limited due to energy consumption and other reasons, and it has not been industrialized in oil and gas field water treatment. Through ultrasonic mechanism research, water quality characteristics analysis and a large number of small simulation tests, the test results show that for complex produced water with high salt content, high turbidity and high emulsification, under the ultrasonic frequency of 39.5kHz, ultrasonic time of 30min and operation conditions of 25°C, the oil removal effect can be achieved at 66W power. The oil content is reduced from 77.9mg/L in the inlet water to 1.87mg/L in the outlet water, and the oil removal rate can reach more than 95% to meet the expected demand. In the case of the mature development of green electricity technology, this study provides a new technical idea for the efficient treatment of produced water in oil and gas fields, and provides a basic research basis for the industrial application of ultrasonic treatment process and the collaborative application of combined with other processes.

In a search of the single-atom electrocatalysts for hydrogen production: the first sulfur-free mono- and diphenanthrenyl-terminated iron and cobalt(II) clathrochelates versus their thioanalogs

This paper reports on green chemistry approaches to the molecular design and synthesis of cheap, efficient and eco-friendly electrocatalysts of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The title clathrochelates (including first those do not containing sulfur derivatives as “catalytic poisons”) were prepared using nucleophilic substitution of their chloroclathrochelate precursors and characterized by analytical, spectral and XRD methods. These complexes showed the HER 2H+/H2 electrocatalytic activity in the solutions. They form the Langmuir monolayers and possess a high physisorption on activated carbon (AC, up to 0.55mmol·g–1) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO, up to 0.33mmol·g–1). Contrary that on carbon paper (CP) is very low. Therefore, AC- or RGO-containing clathrochelate-immobilized components are suitable for preparation of hybrid CP-based cathodes, allowing to substantially increase a surface concentration of electrocatalytically active centers up to 0.5 μmol·m–2. Cyclic voltammetry data suggest that the electrochemically generated cobalt(I) complexes, as the catalytically active intermediates, are stable and most prospective candidates for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. Clathrochelate-based single-atom catalysts were prepared in accordance with basic principles of green chemistry. They are derivatives of abundant and cheap 3d-biometals and low-toxic α-dioximes and possess an extremely high atomic utilization efficiency matching the “economy of atoms” principle. Nowadays, the carbon-supported metallic platinum is used as HER catalyst. The reserves of this noble and expensive metal on the Earth are limited and its replacement by such cheap and abundant HER materials will accelerate the development and implementation of green hydrogen-producing technologies. The recommendations on chemical structures of optimal molecular electrocatalysts were evaluated.

Towards Sustainable Road Construction: Literature Review on Addressing Environmental Impacts and Promoting Green Technologies

Abstract This study investigates the environmental impacts of road construction and explores strategies to promote green technologies in Indonesia. Traditional road construction methods, particularly those using asphalt and cement, have significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This study conducted a thorough literature review to investigate green technologies and best practices to reduce emissions during the construction process. The literature review included articles published from 2004 to 2024, drawn from various national and international academic sources, and adopted the PRISMA method. It was found that key strategies include recycled materials, warm mix asphalt technology, permeable pavement systems, green roofs, and energy-efficient equipment. To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends using recycled materials, adopting energy-efficient technologies, implementing sustainable design practices, and conducting life cycle assessments. Although Indonesia has made progress, challenges such as limited funding, technology, and coordination remain. Overcoming these challenges requires increased commitment and funding, capacity building, better coordination, and stricter regulations. Future studies should investigate the development and implementation of innovative green technologies, including advanced recycled materials, more efficient construction equipment, and innovative pavement design techniques.

Critical Analysis of Green Technology and Green Patents

This research is mainly focused on the possibilities of green patents in supporting the global partnerships, open access and collaboration for the development of environmental technologies; patent thickets, blockages and licensing issues effecting the development of green technologies; Indian laws in promoting and safeguarding green patents.

Performance Enhancement of Green synthesized ZnO Nanocomposite Ultrafiltration Membrane for Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution

Nano-membranes are gaining significant attention for various applications, including water treatment, ion concentration control, desalination, and a range of biomedical uses. However, this advanced technology faces challenges such as toxicity and fouling from contaminants, which raises safety concerns regarding the synthesis of green and sustainable membranes. In this study, green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from blue-green algae Arthrospira platensis were combined with cellulose acetate (CA) to fabricate ultrafiltration (UF) nanocomposite membranes designed for the removal of Chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions. This ensures that our material is environmentally friendly and poses no risk of ecotoxicity, unlike conventional synthetic materials that may have harmful environmental impacts. The membranes were synthesized using the phase inversion technique and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and water contact angle (WCA) assess their chemical composition and morphological structure. The performance of the membranes was evaluated by measuring water flux and Cr(VI) removal. The concentration of ZnO NPs influenced the membranes’ morphology, performance, surface hydrophilicity, and Cr(VI) removal efficiency. Various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) were added to the CA membrane. The findings revealed that the membrane containing 3 wt% ZnO NPs achieved a Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 94.77 %, an adsorption capacity (qe) of 11.28 µg/cm2, and exhibited excellent hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 34.7°. Additionally, the water flux of the CA/ZnO NPs nanocomposite membrane was 53 % higher than that of the neat CA membrane. The kinetic data suggested that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the membrane followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Among the isotherm models applied, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided the best fit for the experimental data. In summary, our study not only introduces an environmentally sustainable and economically viable method for producing ZnO NPs, but it also highlights the superior performance of the nanocomposite membranes in treating polluted water. This makes our approach a valuable contribution to the development of green technology for environmental applications, offering promising potential for industrial and ecological implementation.

The interaction between industry-talent integration and two-phase green innovation in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies: Moderating effects of corporate financing constraints and executive short-term compensation incentives

In the era of green economy, the synchronous resonance of industry-talent integration and green innovation is crucial for the high-quality development of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, but few studies have explored the interaction between the two factors and its situational conditions. To fill this gap, this study decomposes green innovation into green technology research and development (R&D) and achievements commercialization phases based on the two-phase value chain. Meanwhile, a sample of 99 listed Chinese A-share pharmaceutical manufacturing companies from 2013 to 2022 is examined to demonstrate the interaction between industry-talent integration and two-phase green innovation. The results show: (1) There is a reciprocal effect between industry-talent integration and two-phase green innovation efficiency; green technology R&D efficiency has a greater enabling effect on industry-talent integration, and industry-talent integration has a stronger driving effect on green achievements commercialization efficiency. (2) Midwestern and non-state-owned companies have yet to realize a mutually reinforcing response to industry-talent integration and green achievements commercialization efficiency; state-owned companies have not formed a positive interaction between industry-talent integration and green technology R&D efficiency. (3) Enhanced corporate financing constraints can weaken the driving effect of industry-talent integration on two-phase green innovation efficiency; increased short-term compensation incentives for executives will also weaken the facilitating effect of two-phase green innovation on industry-talent integration. In future, pharmaceutical manufacturing companies should alleviate financing constraints and dynamically adjust executive incentive mechanism, so as to promote the mutual response of industry-talent integration and two-phase green innovation through precise measures.

Information disclosure and funding success of green crowdfunding campaigns: a study on GoFundMe

Crowdfunding has become important in increasing financial support for the development of green technologies. Self-disclosed information significantly affects supporters’ decisions and is important for the success of green project funding. However, current studies still lack investigations into the impact of information disclosure on green crowdfunding performance. This research aims to fill this knowledge gap by exploring eight information disclosure-relevant factors in green crowdfunding performance. Applying machine learning techniques (e.g., Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision) and logistic regression, this study investigates 720 green crowdfunding campaigns on GoFundMe and empirically finds that the duration, length of campaign introductions, and length of the title influence fundraising outcomes. However, no evidence supports the impact of goal size, emotion of campaign introduction, or image content on funding success. This study clarifies the information disclosure-related data that green crowdfunding campaigns should consider and provides founders with a constructive guide to smoothly raise money for a green crowdfunding campaign. This study also contributes to data processing methods by providing future studies with an approach for transferring unstructured data to structured data.

Digital economy, technology, and urban carbon emissions nexus: an investigation using the threshold effects and mediation effects tests

IntroductionThis study aims to explore the mechanisms by which the digital economy influences urban carbon emissions in China, with a particular focus on potential threshold effects and the mediating role of technology. As the digital economy grows, it impacts various environmental metrics, including carbon emissions, necessitating a deeper understanding of its nonlinear dynamics and implications for sustainable urban development.MethodsUsing panel data from 286 prefecture-level cities in China spanning from 2012 to 2021, we apply threshold effect models and mediation effect tests. The threshold effect model is employed to investigate non-linear characteristics of the digital economy’s impact on carbon emissions, while the mediation effect model assesses the role of technology as an intermediary in this relationship.ResultsThe threshold effect model reveals a single threshold in the impact of the digital economy on urban carbon emissions, indicating a nonlinear relationship. Initially, the influence of the digital economy on emissions is weak, but as the digital economy develops, its effect becomes more pronounced. The mediation effect model demonstrates that technological advancement can offset the increase in emissions associated with digital economic growth, thus showcasing technology’s potential to mitigate environmental impacts.DiscussionThe findings suggest that while the digital economy generally promotes urban carbon emissions, its impact is non-linear and mitigatable through technological innovation. To curb emissions in urban areas, fostering technological innovation and supporting green technology research and development are critical. Moreover, enhancing management and supervision within the digital economy sector can contribute to balancing economic growth with environmental goals. These insights are valuable for policymakers striving to harmonize digital economic expansion with sustainable environmental practices.

ICT and energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects and transmission channels

This paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and energy consumption. Despite increasing attention on the subject, existing studies have not yet investigated the channels through which ICTs affect energy demand. We use a stochastic impact model extended to the population, wealth and technology regression model to estimate both the effect and transmission of ICTs on energy demand in 24 sub-Saharan African countries from 1995 to 2018. Empirical results show that ICT use, measured by mobile and fixed-line telephone penetration significantly reduces energy consumption. In addition, the mediation analysis reveals that ICTs not only have a direct negative effect on energy consumption but also an indirect negative effect through its impact on GDP per capita and industrial sector development and a mixed indirect effect through financial development. However, the total effect is negative and indicates that ICTs are reducing energy consumption in sub-Saharan Africa. To accentuate the negative effects of ICTs on energy consumption, Governments should design policies to improve access to credit for the private sector, reduce income inequalities among populations, promote the use of industrial development and provide financial incentives for the development of green technologies.

The impact of urban soccer events on carbon emissions: Panel threshold analysis for Chinese cities

The holding of soccer events has an important impact on modern urban activities, which is conducive to the economic development, social harmony, cultural integration and regional integration of cities. However, massive energy is consumed during the event preparation and infrastructure construction, resulting in an increase in the city’s carbon emissions. For the sustainable development of cities, it is important to explore the theoretical mechanism and practical effectiveness of the relationship between soccer events and urban carbon emissions, and to adopt appropriate policy management measures to control carbon emissions of soccer events. With the development of green technology, digitalization, and public transportation, the preparation and management methods of soccer events are diversified, and the possibility of carbon reduction of the event is further increased. This paper selects 17 cities in China from 2011 to 2019 and explores the complex impact of soccer events on urban carbon emissions by using green technology innovation, digitalization level and public transportation as threshold variables. The results show that: (1) Hosting soccer events increases carbon emissions with an impact coefficient of 0.021; (2) There is a negative single-threshold effect of green innovation technology, digitalization level and public transportation on the impact of soccer events on carbon emissions, with the impact coefficients of soccer events decreasing by 0.008, 0.01 and 0.06, respectively, when the threshold variable crosses the threshold. These findings will enhance the attention of city managers to the management of carbon emissions from soccer events and provide guidance for reducing carbon emissions from soccer events through green technology innovation, digital means and optimization of public transportation.

Surface metamorphosis techniques for sustainable polymers: Optimizing material performance and environmental impact

The transition to sustainable polymers is crucial for reducing the environmental footprint of additive manufacturing, particularly in fused deposition modeling (FDM). This study investigates surface metamorphosis techniques—methods to modify polymer surfaces at micro and nanoscale levels to enhance performance and minimize environmental impact. We explore plasma treatment, chemical etching, and laser texturing on biodegradable and recycled polymers, assessing their effects on surface properties, such as adhesion, roughness, and chemical resistance. Our results demonstrate significant enhancements in mechanical properties. For example, PLA’s tensile strength increased from 55.3 MPa (untreated) to 63.8 MPa (plasma treated), and its elongation improved from 4.2% to 5.1%. PHA showed a similar trend, with tensile strength rising from 45.1 MPa to 52.6 MPa, and elongation increasing from 5.6% to 6.4%. rPET and rPP also exhibited improvements, indicating the effectiveness of these surface treatments. Employing a multi-criteria decision-making approach, we assess and prioritize these techniques based on their mechanical enhancements and sustainability profiles. While this study presents hypothetical results, it establishes a comprehensive framework for optimizing surface metamorphosis processes, guiding future experimental research. Our findings suggest that tailored surface modifications can significantly improve the performance and environmental sustainability of polymers in FDM, offering pathways for integrating eco-friendly materials into advanced manufacturing. This work contributes to the development of green manufacturing technologies by highlighting surface metamorphosis as a key strategy for achieving high-performance and sustainable materials.

Redefining Middle Power Diplomacy: South Korea’s Strategic Shift towards Global Leadership

This paper explores South Korea’s evolving foreign policy under the Yoon Suk-yeol administration, highlighting its shift from a traditional middle power to a “Global Pivotal State” (GPS). The study examines the key drivers behind this transformation, particularly the enhanced U.S.-South Korea alliance, which has allowed South Korea to increase its regional and global influence. Through an analysis of the "Global Pivotal State" policy, the paper delves into how South Korea seeks to expand its leadership role in multilateral diplomacy, focusing on areas such as security, democracy, and climate change. Additionally, the study emphasizes South Korea’s efforts to strengthen bilateral relations, especially with the U.S., Japan, and Europe, while expanding its diplomatic reach to new regions such as the Indo-Pacific. By leveraging its strengths in green growth, technology, and official development assistance (ODA), South Korea aims to secure leadership in key global issues. Ultimately, the Yoon administration’s vision reflects South Korea's ambition to redefine its role in the international order, positioning itself as an influential actor in global governance.

An Evaluation Scheme Driven by Science and Technological Innovation—A Study on the Coupling and Coordination of the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation-Economy-Ecology Complex System in the Yangtze River Basin of China

This study focuses on 19 provinces in the Yangtze River Basin of China. It gathers relevant data indicators from 2010 to 2021 and constructs an evaluation index system centered on agricultural science and technology innovation. The study evaluates the relationship between agricultural “science and technology innovation-economy-ecology” systems and identifies key obstacle factors using the obstacle degree model. The study draws the following conclusions: Firstly, the comprehensive development level index of the agricultural science and technology innovation system shows an overall linear upward trend (values range from 0.121 to 0.382). Secondly, the comprehensive development level index of the agricultural economic system exhibits an upward trend but with a relatively small overall magnitude (values range from 0.248 to 0.322). Thirdly, the comprehensive development level index of the agricultural ecological system demonstrates significant overall fluctuations, with notable regional disparities (values range from 0.384 to 0.414). Fourthly, the overall agricultural SEE (Science and technological innovation, Economy, Ecology) complex system exhibits a characteristic of “high coupling, low coordination”, identifying the main obstacle factors influencing agricultural SEECS based on a formulated approach. Subsequently, the following policy recommendations are proposed: Firstly, enhance the agricultural technological innovation system and promote green and efficient agricultural technology research and development. Secondly, to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture, achieving green and high-quality development of the agricultural economy. Thirdly, to strengthen agricultural ecological environment protection, laying a solid foundation for the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture.

The impact of a low-carbon transport system policy on total factor carbon emission performance: Evidence from 283 cities in China

Reducing carbon emissions from the transport sector is crucial to achieve “carbon neutrality” and is an important component of a low-carbon policy system. In response to the uncertainty of evaluating current low-carbon transport policies, we provide an in-depth analysis and examination of low-carbon transport system (LCTS) policies implemented in China. Using data from 283 Chinese cities between 2006 and 2020, we provide evidence on the policy effects, potential mechanisms, and heterogeneity of LCTS policies on carbon emission performance. Results showed that LCTS policies significantly improved carbon emission performance in pilot regions. The main ways to achieve this policy's objective were to reduce energy consumption in pilot cities, to promote the development of green technologies, and to implement low-carbon transformation of public transport. Moreover, there was heterogeneity in the policy's effects, with the implementation of a LCTS being more effective in eastern and central regions of China and in larger and more compact cities. By analysing the policy's mechanisms and heterogeneity of effects, this article provides a reference for the formulation and selection of low-carbon transport policies.