Green Tea Extract Research Articles

Treatment of water extract of green tea during kale cultivation using a home vertical farming appliance conveyed catechins into kale and elevated glucosinolate contents

The growing interest in healthy diets has driven the demand for food ingredients with enhanced health benefits. In this study, we aimed to explore a method to enhance the bioactivity of kale using a home vertical farming appliance. Specifically, we investigated the effects of treating kale with a green tea water extract (GTE; 0.1–0.5 g/L in nutrient solution) for two weeks before harvest during five weeks of kale cultivation. GTE treatment did not negatively affect the key quality attributes, such as yield, semblance, or sensory properties. However, it led to the accumulation of bioactive compounds, epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which are typically absent in kale. In the control group, no catechins were detected, whereas in the GTE-treated group, the concentration of EC and EGCG were as high as 252.11 and 173.26 μg/g, respectively. These findings indicate the successful incorporation of catechins, known for their unique health-promoting properties, into kale. Additionally, GTE treatment enhanced the biosynthesis of glucosinolates, which are key secondary metabolites of kale. The total glucosinolate content increased from 9.56 μmol/g in the control group to 16.81 μmol/g in the GTE-treated group (treated with 0.5 g/L GTE). These findings showed that GTE treatment not only enriched kale with catechins, the primary bioactive compounds in green tea but also increased the levels of glucosinolates. This study, conducted using a home vertical farming appliance, suggests that bioactivity-enhanced kale can be grown domestically, providing consumers with a nutrient-fortified food source.

Эффективность применения ферментных препаратов при водной экстракции фенольных веществ из листьев зеленого чая

A study was conducted to obtain green tea extract using enzyme preparations of various substrate specificities. In the experiments, we used crushed green tea leaves of the Greenfield Flying Dragon variety with different degrees of grinding: coarse grinding, which included particles with a size of 56.4% passing through a Ø 1 mm sieve, and fine grinding, which included particles with a size of 100% passing through a Ø 1 mm sieve and 75% passing through a Ø 0.25 mm sieve. It was found that the yield of phenolic substances from coarse and fine grinding differs slightly but depends on the hydromodule. To obtain aqueous extracts of green tea with a high content of phenolic substances, it is recommended to use a hydro modulus of 1:20. To assess the effectiveness of enzyme preparations on the yield of phenolic substances, enzyme preparations of different substrate specificity were used: cellulolytic action – CelloLux-A, Viscoferm; proteolytic action – Vegazym M, Fructozym P6-L, Fructozym BE, Fructozym MA, Fructozym Press, Pectinex Ultro; proteolytic action – Protosubtilin G3x, Destizym Protocid Extra. The effectiveness of the enzyme preparation was assessed relative to the control sample (without adding the enzyme preparation) and expressed in %. As a result, it was found that of all the analyzed enzyme preparations, CelloLux-A has the greatest effect on the yield of phenolic substances and increases the yield of phenolic substances by 40–96%. To determine the optimal modes for the extraction of phenolic substances: temperature, duration, and dose of application of CelloLux-A, the method used a full factorial experiment (FFE 23) and the "steep" ascent method. As a result, a mode for obtaining green tea extract was determined that ensures the concentration of phenolic substances in the extract in the amount of 988 mg/dm3: temperature 60°C, duration – 1 hour, dose of CelloLux-A – 0.09% by weight of green tea leaves. Green tea leaf extract can be used by many sectors of the food industry as a source of biologically active substances in the production of functional foods and drinks.

Removal of hexavalent chromium using polyphenol-based functional materials

Chromium from industrial wastewater, waste, pesticides, fertilizers, etc., always causes serious environmental problems. High levels of chromium pollution can have adverse effects on environments and living organisms. In this study, titanium salt was used to react with green tea extract to form a composite material, and the material was further used to remove hexavalent chromium in solution. The removal effect of hexavalent chromium was investigated under different reaction conditions, namely temperature, time, pH, and initial chromium concentration. The results showed that the chromium removal effect was the best under the conditions of acid to neutral pH, 45℃, reaction time of 24 h, and initial chromium concentration of 80 mg/L. This study provides a feasible method to solve the problem of chromium pollution and has high application value in wastewater treatment.

Sodium alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose films embedded with liposomes encapsulated green tea extract: characterization, controlled release, application.

To maintain the freshness of the fruit during storage, sodium alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose films embedded with pH-senstive liposomes encapsulated green tea extract were developed (SA/CMC/TP-Lip). An orthogonal design was used to optimise the preparation of TP-Lip and SA/CMC/TP-Lip was prepared through response surface. The stability of TP-Lip structure was measured. The morphology of SA/CMC/TP-Lip was characterised by SEM, and the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of films were measured. Special attention was paid to the pH sensitivity of TP-Lip and the improvement of film properties. The zeta potential and encapsulation rate of TP-Lip were -45.85 ± 2.13 mV and 61.45 ± 0.23%. The average release rate of TP encapsulated into TP-Lip at pH 3 was 41.08%, an increase of 23.07% over pH 6 during 12 h. SEM and FTIR showed that TP-Lip was structurally stable and had good compatibility with SA/CMC. Tensile strength was increased by 30.55% and DPPH radical scavenging capacity was increased by 7.16% with the addition of TP-Lip. SA/CMC/TP-Lip is applied to blueberries to reduce their weight loss and improve the loss of freshness of blueberries during storage. Thus, SA/CMC/TP-Lip could provide a new way to extend active packaging materials and maintain fruit freshness during storage.

Nephrotoxicity of Patulin and its Modulation by Aqueous Green Tea Extract in Male Albino Rats

Nephrotoxicity of Patulin and its Modulation by Aqueous Green Tea Extract in Male Albino Rats

Quality and kinematic characteristics of Bali bulls frozen semen with purified green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate antioxidant addition in diluent.

The preservation of semen quality and kinematic characteristics during cryopreservation is crucial for the reproductive success and genetic management of livestock, particularly in Bali bulls. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding purified green tea extract antioxidant Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in tris egg yolk diluent on the quality and kinematic characteristics of frozen semen from Bali bulls. Fresh and frozen semen samples were obtained from Bali bull and divided into four different treatment groups. P0 contained semen samples + diluent, while P1 to P3 consisted of semen samples + diluent supplemented with EGCG levels of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg/100 ml, respectively. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and followed by Duncan's test if significant differences were found (p<0.05). Parameters observed included the assessment of fresh semen quality, kinematic analysis, post-thawing sperm viability, and abnormality. The results indicated that the assessment of fresh semen quality showed macroscopic and microscopic semen quality according to SNI 4869-1:2021. Kinematic analysis revealed significant differences in DSL and STR parameters between P0 and P3 (p<0.05). EGCG supplementation also caused significant differences in motility between P0 and P3 (p<0.05). Viability and spermatozoa abnormality with EGCG supplementation did not show significant differences (p>0.05). The best results for motility, kinematics, and sperm morphology variables were found in P1 as it did not exhibit a decrease in motility, kinematics, and sperm morphology. Viability did not show significant differences between P1, P2, and P3, but the best results were found in P2 as it did not exhibit a decrease in viability with mean and standard deviation (66.84 ± 7.88). Abnormality variables also did not show significant differences between P1, P2, and P3, but the best results were found in P2 as it did not exhibit a decrease in abnormality with mean and standard deviation (23.80 ± 7.36).

Unveiling the total catechin profile in tea leaves: a novel one-step extraction method empowered by UPLC-IDX-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

More catechins are found in green tea than in any other type of tea, with its predominant production taking place in Asian nations. Consumption of green tea has been strongly correlated with a reduced risk of many diseases. This study introduces a new, efficient, and reliable method for extracting total catechins using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ID-X-Orbitrap Mass spectrometer (UHPLC-IDX-Orbitrap-MS). The method was then applied to quantify the catechin content in green tea, yielding results comparable to previously published studies. Among the various sources of green tea analyzed, the lowest average catechin content was observed in Vietnam, Japan (2: Matcha), and Morocco, ranging between 346 and 322 mg/L. Conversely, the highest average catechin content (between 424 and 422 mg/L) was found in Sri Lanka and Japan (1: Sencha). For the remaining green tea extracts, the catechin levels ranged from 367 to 410 mg/L, exhibiting similar values. These findings demonstrate the high reproducibility of the proposed extraction procedure, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) error of less than 15% for the catechin standard. Additionally, the limit of detection for catechins was determined to be 1 ng mL-1. This study serves as a pilot investigation for extracting catechins from various green tea sources. Future research will focus on identifying all active compounds present. Furthermore, it is worth noting that this study aligns with the goals set forth in Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the country's economy and promote scientific advancements in various fields, including healthcare and agriculture.

Effect of Green Tea extract mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans count in high caries risk dental students: A Randomized Control Trial

Effect of Green Tea extract mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans count in high caries risk dental students: A Randomized Control Trial

Rhodiola and green tea, combined with magnesium and B-vitamins, may improve the brain’s processing capacity under stress

Stress can have a negative impact on cognitive functions. This secondary analysis from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on moderately stressed healthy adults, showed the positive acute effects of a combination of magnesium, B vitamins (B6, B9, B12), rhodiola and green tea extracts enriched in L-theanine on brain EEG theta activity during attentional task performance conducted under acute social stress conditions.

Phenolic Compounds, Free Radical Scavenging Activity and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Properties of Green, Oolong and Black Sacha Inchi Tea Extract

Sacha Inchi leaves may possess antioxidant function which is naturally rich in bioactive ingredients and has been widely processed into herbal teas that has many benefits to human health. According to the global data from the World Health Organization (WHO), there has been a rise in the frequency of diabetes mellitus (DM) among adults. Sacha Inchi tea was prepared using several methods, with green tea not fermented, oolong partially fermented, and black tea completely fermented. The phenolic compounds (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), tannin), free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and inhibition properties of α-Glucosidase on green, oolong and black Sacha Inchi tea extract were determined. The green Sacha Inchi tea extract displayed the highest TPC and TFC values among the oolong and black Sacha Inchi tea extracts at a concentration of 500µg/mL, with values of 2.10±0.01 µg GAE/mL and 3.23±0.20 µg QE/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, at a concentration of 500µg/mL, Sacha Inchi black tea extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity by DPPH with radical scavenging activity (%) (89.4±0.45). Furthermore, at a concentration of 15.625 µg/mL, black, oolong, and green tea extracts exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on α-Glucosidase (95%, 95%, 92%, respectively) than acarbose (90%). Therefore, the processing steps involved in tea production impact the phenolic compounds, free radical scavenging activity, and the ability to inhibit α-Glucosidase in green, oolong, and black tea extracts.

Antibacterial Assay of Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis L) Against the Growth of Enterococcus faecalis

Background: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is often reported as an infectious agent in tooth root canals. Green tea leaves (Camellia sinesis L) contain active substances, namely catechins, which can act as an antibacterial. Research. Objective: To determine the antibacterial effectiveness of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis l) against the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Methods: Researchers carry out tests in the laboratory, which are called laboratory experimental tests. The form of this research is Post-test Only Control Design. Researchers took samples using a purposive sampling technique with four treatments and six repetitions. The statistical test used is the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Based on the results of Kruskal Wallis, the p-value shows a value of 0.011 or a p-value of less than 0.05, which indicates that there is a significant difference between the Camellia sinensis L 25%, 50%, 75% treatment, and the positive control. Conclusion: Green tea extract (Camellia sinensis l) with concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% can inhibit E. faecalis' growth.

Anti-wrinkle properties of rosehip oil, aloe vera, green tea extract, and frankincense essential oil: Brief review and a survey

The knowledge and opinions of first-year pharmacy students were evaluated after conducting a survey. The survey included 5 knowledge-based and 5 opinion-based questions, focusing on four herbal remedies. The data collected from 28 participants were analyzed for correctness of answers and agreement or disagreement to opinion lead statements. The knowledge-based questions showed an average 74.5% correct answer rate, with the question on Rosehip Oil receiving the highest (about 93%) followed by the Green Tea Extract at 89.3%. Opinion-based questions revealed a positive attitude towards herbal remedies, with over 82% strongly agreeing or somewhat agreeing with their potential benefits. Over 92% of the respondents believed Green Tea Extract and Frankincense Essential Oil possess skin-protecting qualities. Participants had positive attitude towards herbal remedies for skincare. Knowledge-based questions had a satisfactory correct answer rate, and participants largely agreed (82.7%) on the potential of these herbal remedies to enhance skin health and reduce signs of aging. Disagreement was minimal, ranging from 0% to 17.2%, indicating a widespread inclination towards positive agreement. The survey results provide a valuable insight into the potential of herbal remedies in skincare. The knowledge level was satisfactory at 74.5%. Opinions towards Rosehip Oil, Aloe Vera, Green Tea Extract, and Frankincense Essential Oil were largely positive among the surveyed pharmacy students. Limitations of the survey include the small sample size and lack of diversity in the survey participants. Future research should address these limitations and explore additional factors influencing knowledge and opinions regarding herbal remedies for skincare.

Design and characterization of the cream formulation containing rosemary and green tea extract against Propionibacterium acnes

Aim: Acne vulgaris is an inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies continue to invest heavily in research and development for acne treatments. Medicinal plants are being studied as potential options to prevent antibiotic resistance and reduce the cost of treating diseases. This study aimed to prepare cream formulations containing various amounts of rosemary extract (RE) and green tea extract (GTE) with antibacterial properties, perform characterization studies, and determine formulation activity against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Methods: The cream's basis was prepared by the fusion method. Different amounts of rosemary extract and green tea extract were added. The cream formulations were characterized by microscopy, pH, rheological properties, texture properties, droplet size measurement, and a stability test. The P. acnes antibacterial test was carried out using the agar diffusion method. Results: The cream formulations F2 and F1 were effective against P. acnes and met all of the necessary criteria, including rheological, hardness, compressibility, stickiness, elasticity, physical stability, droplet size measurement, and pH. Antibacterial test results for the F1 formulation, the zone diameter was 10 ± 0.15 mm, and for the F2 formulation, it was 12 ± 0.15 mm. Conclusion: In our study, we found that formulations F1 and F2 can be administered topically because they show pseudoplastic flow, an appropriate pH value, appropriate textural properties, and antibacterial activity against P. acnes-induced acne vulgaris. How to cite this article: Güzel MC, Toksoy, MO. Design and characterization of the cream formulation containing rosemary and green tea extract against Propionibacterium acnes. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230345. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230345

An assessment of the impact of L.Salvadora persica and G.Tea on the surface roughness and hardness of heat-cured acrylic-based denture soft liners.

Background: Soft denture liners are a type of dental prosthesis that functions as a cushioning material, alleviating the stress induced by the act of chewing. They offer relief to persons who encounter discomfort when wearing complete or partial dentures, particularly when these dentures are situated on rigid surfaces that support the denture. The objective of this study: is to assess the effects of including L.Salvadora persica. and green tea (G.Tea) extract powders on the surface roughness and hardness characteristics of acrylic-based soft liners. Materials &amp; Procedures: 30 specimens were constructed using wax molds and acrylic-based heat-cured denture soft lining material. The standard curing procedure was used. The samples were separated into three equal groups: group A, the control group, with no additives in the soft-liner material; group B, with 5.12% weight percept L.salvadora persica extract powder; and group C, with 5.12% weight present green tea (G.Tea) extract powder. The samples were then prepared for surface hardness and roughness testing. Results: The results revealed that there was a non-significant rise in the mean values of surface roughness for both group B and group C, group B having the highest mean values followed by group C. When compared to the control group, the results showed a considerable rise in the mean values of surface hardness in group (B), which had the highest mean value for surface hardness, followed by group (C). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the incorporation of L.salvadora persica at a concentration of 1.024g and green tea (G.Tea) extract powders at a concentration of 1.024g shown a positive impact on the surface hardness of denture soft lining materials

Investigating the mechanism of antioxidants as egg white powder flavor modifiers.

The uses of egg white powder (EWP) are restricted because of its odor. It is necessary to find a method to improve its flavor. In this paper, three different antioxidants - green tea extract (GTE), sodium ascorbate (SA), and glutathione (GSH) - were selected to modify the flavor. The physicochemical and structural properties of EWP were investigated to study the mechanism of the formation and release of volatile compounds. Antioxidants can modify the overall flavor of EWP significantly, inhibiting the generation or release of nonanal, 3-methylbutanal, heptanal, decanal, geranyl acetone, and 2-pemtylfuran. A SA-EWP combination showed the lowest concentration of 'off' flavor compounds; GTE-EWP and GSH-EWP could reduce several 'off' flavor compounds but increased the formation of geranyl acetone and furans. The changes in the carbonyl content and the amino acid composition confirmed the inhibition of antioxidants with the oxidative degradation of proteins or characteristic amino acids. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provided structural information regarding EWP, which showed the release of volatile compounds decreased due to structural changes. For example, the surface hydrophobicity increased and the protein aggregation state changed. Antioxidants reduce the 'off' flavor of EWP in two ways: they inhibit protein oxidation and Maillard reactions (they inhibit formation of 3-methylbutanal and 2-pemtylfuran) and they enhance the binding ability of heat-denatured proteins (reducing the release of nonanal, decanal, and similar compounds). © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Systematic Assessment of the Membrane-Stabilizing and Antioxidant Activities of Several Kazakhstani Plants in the Asteraceae Family.

The objective of our research was to examine the antioxidant and membrane-protective characteristics of a few medicinal plant extracts belonging to the Asteracea family, along with their flavonoid and polyphenolic content, in order to identify strategies for enhancing beverage composition and boosting the antioxidant capacity of green and black tea. The activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts from the dried parts of plants, such as Arictum tomentosum Mill., Ghnapilum kasachstanicum Kirp. & Kuprian. ex Kirp., Artemisia schrenkiana Ledeb., A. rutifolia Steph. ex Spreng., A. cina O.Berg, and A. vulgaris L., were examined using a model of Wistar rats. Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), a marker of malondialdehyde concentration, were used to measure the amount of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver microsomes. Considering the outcomes, the extracts from A. tomentosum, G. kasachstanicum, and A. vulgaris exhibit the strongest membrane-stabilizing action among those examined. At a concentration of 5 g/mL, the extracts of these plants demonstrated a significant anti-hemolitic impact, whereas the remaining extracts displayed a similar effect at doses above 10 g/mL. Accordingly, among the extracts studied, the A. tomentosum, G. kasachstanicum, A. schrenkiana, A. rutifolia, A. cina, and A. vulgaris extracts have significant antioxidant properties. The integrated antioxidant and antihemolytic qualities of A. tomentosum and green tea extracts were comparable to those of the individual plant extracts. When the extracts of A. schrenkiana and green tea were combined, similar outcomes were seen, suggesting that there was no appreciable synergistic interaction.

EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING WITH GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L.) AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH TRAITS OF MUNG BEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L.)

A laboratory experiment studied the effects of the green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) aqueous extract at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 ppm on the germination and growth traits of the mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), carried out in 2021 at the Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Iraq. The results showed that Camellia sinensis green tea extracts played a vital role by significantly boosting all the examined characteristics compared with the control treatment. The aqueous extract of Green tea at concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm gave the best performance in increasing germination rates, germination speed, plant promoter indicator, and seedling strength compared with the control treatment. Meanwhile, the concentration of 30 ppm indicated a significant increase in the shoot length, root system, carbohydrates, proteins, proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) compared with other concentrations used and control treatment.

Green rGO/FeNPs nanocomposites activated peroxydisulfate for the removal of mixed 17β-estradiol and estriol

Reduced graphene oxide/iron nanoparticles (rGO/FeNPs) synthesized by the chemical method have been used in Fenton oxidation of organic contaminants, yet little is known about biosynthesized rGO/FeNPs using green tea extract (GT) as how to activate persulfate in sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes. In this study, rGO/FeNPs were used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for 17β-estradiol (βE2) and estriol (E3) removal. The rGO/FeNPs-PDS system removed 83.6% of βE2 and 62.5% of E3 within 240 min, which was confirmed by a combination of adsorption and degradation via both radical and non-radical pathways. Four main reactive species in βE2 and E3 degradation were observed, i.e., hydroxyl radical (·OH), sulfate radical (SO4·−), singlet oxygen (1O2) and electron transfer, with the respective contributions of ·OH (32.9 and 34.7%), SO4·− (16.1 and 19.7%), 1O2 (12.2 and 14.1%) and electron transfer (8.0 and 7.2%). Analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and electrochemical measurements all indicated that beside the well-known role of Fe, CO from rGO through the generation of ·OH, SO4·−, 1O2 and electron transfer, as well as GT through electron transfer also participated in the activation of PDS. Finally, the degradation pathways of βE2/E3 were proposed. Overall, this study provides a new insight into the biosynthesis of rGO/FeNPs to activate PDS for the oxidation of mixed emerging contaminants.

Evaluation of the Effect of Some Plant Extracts as Antifungal Substances Isolated from Patients with Gingivitis and Endophthalmitis in Hilla City

During this study, 8 isolates of Candida yeast were isolated and diagnosed on CHROMagar, and Candida albicans was the most prevalent species by 75%. The inhibitory activity of plant extracts of adrak, cloves, green tea, and cinnamon was tested by disc diffusion test against C. albicans, C. krusei, and the antibiotics gentian stain, fluconazole, kenazole, nystatin were used for comparison. As well as using oral and dental cleaning products for comparison as well. The study showed that clove extract had a weak inhibitory activity at a high concentration, while extracts of green tea, cinnamon and mint did not show any activity in inhibiting C. albicans and showed that toothpaste had high activity in inhibiting yeast better than the plant extracts that did not show any inhibitory effect despite their use in high concentrations. We conclude from the current study that it is better to use toothpaste instead of herbs to get rid of gingivitis because it plays a major role in inhibiting Candida yeast.

Средства биологической защиты, повышающие резистентность к радиации

The article describes various means of biological protection against radiation exposure, i.e., pharmacological substances and food additives that increase the overall resistance to adverse environmental factors. Effective radioresistance agents are safe and multiplex. They cause no side effects and possess favorable tolerability. For instance, chicken egg shells are a natural source of calcium that can serve as a biological agent against strontium-90. Green tea extract with milk can reduce the availability of strontium and cesium radionuclides.