Green Synthesis Of CuO Nanoparticles Research Articles

Aqueous extract‐mediated green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: Potential anti‐tuberculosis agents

Aqueous extract‐mediated green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: Potential anti‐tuberculosis agents

Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Ligustrum lucidum extract, and the antioxidant and antifungal evaluation

Biosynthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extract is an inexpensive, simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly approach to obtaining nanoparticles for biological applications. Herein, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were successfully synthesized using an aqueous extract from Ligustrum lucidum leaves. The structural, optical, and morphological characteristics of the nanoparticles were assessed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometer, transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX). Nanocrystalline CuO with an average crystalline size of 22.0 nm and a band gap energy of 1.4 eV were confirmed from the XRD and UV-vis spectrophotometer, respectively. Morphological studies showed spherical nanoparticles, whose particle size estimation (30 ± 5 nm) agrees with the crystalline size deduced from the XRD pattern. A free radical scavenging activity of the CuO nanoparticles, evaluated using the 1, 1-diphenhyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, showed that it exhibited high antioxidant activity (IC50: 63.35 μg ml−1) that is concentration dependent. Antifungal evaluation using four different fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Trichoderma harzianum) indicated a direct relationship between the potency of the particles and their concentration, with 1 ppm solution exhibiting the highest potency. The green synthesized CuO-NPs using Ligustrum lucidum may be potentially used as an antioxidant and antifungal agent for therapeutic applications.

Facile, polyherbal drug-mediated green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles and their potent biological applications

Abstract Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized using ayurvedic medicine septilin. The septilin-mediated CuO NPs were characterized using UV–Vis, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The average particle size of CuO NPs was 8 nm as evident from TEM. Minimum inhibitory concentration of CuO NPs against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Candida albicans was found in the range of 1–2.5 mg·mL−1. CuO NPs dose-dependently decreased the biofilm formation from 0.0315 to 2 mg·mL−1, at the highest dose of 2 mg·mL−1 of CuO NPs; 92.91%, 79.84%, and 71.57% decrease in biofilm was observed for P. aeruginosa, MRSA, and C. albicans, respectively. Down-regulation of biofilm upon treatment with nanoparticles (NPs) was also observed by SEM analysis. SEM analysis also showed the change in morphological structure, and deformities in bacterial and fungal cells upon treatment of NPs. Furthermore, the anticancer efficacy of NPs was assessed using colon cancer (HCT-116). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay clearly showed the anticancer potential of NPs, as the concentration of CuO NPs increased, the number of viable cells decreased. The produced CuO NPs have promise for future investigations in many biological and therapeutic domains, including the treatment of microbial biofilm infections, as well as the inhibition of cancer cell growth.

Photocatalytic activity of the biogenic mediated green synthesized CuO nanoparticles confined into MgAl LDH matrix

The global concern over water pollution caused by organic pollutants such as methylene blue (MB) and other dyes has reached a critical level. Herein, the Allium cepa L. peel extract was utilized to fabricate copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The CuO was combined with MgAl-layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDHs) via a co-precipitation method with varying weight ratios of the CuO/LDHs. The composite catalysts were characterized and tested for the degradation of MB dye. The CuO/MgAl-LDH (1:2) showed the highest photocatalytic performance and achieved 99.20% MB degradation. However, only 90.03, 85.30, 71.87, and 35.53% MB dye was degraded with CuO/MgAl-LDHs (1:1), CuO/MgAl-LDHs (2:1), CuO, and MgAl-LDHs catalysts, respectively. Furthermore, a pseudo-first-order rate constant of the CuO/MgAl-LDHs (1:2) was 0.03141 min−1 while the rate constants for CuO and MgAl-LDHs were 0.0156 and 0.0052 min−1, respectively. The results demonstrated that the composite catalysts exhibited an improved catalytic performance than the pristine CuO and MgAl-LDHs. The higher photocatalytic performances of composite catalysts may be due to the uniform distribution of CuO nanoparticles into the LDH matrix, the higher surface area, and the lower electron and hole recombination rates. Therefore, the CuO/MgAl-LDHs composite catalyst can be one of the candidates used in environmental remediation.

Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles from Blackberry Leaves Extract (Rubus fruticosus) and Experimental Research of Its Effects on Emissions Analysis for IC Engines

As an additive for diesel engines, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are thought to offer a lot of promise. In this work, an experimental investigation was conducted to ascertain the impact on a diesel engine of adding copper oxide (CuO) particles made from a Rubus fruticosus leaf extract product using a novel green synthesis approach. The presence and morphology of the CuO were analyzed by different characterization studies. Subsequently, was investigated the effects of the addition of CuONPs at two concentrations (15 and 20 ppm) on diesel engine performance, brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOX), and smoke emissions. From the experimental outcomes, the D100 + 20 ppm CuO blend shows a significant reduction in CO, HC, and smoke emissions by 58.19%, 25.15%, and 26.67%, respectively, when compared with standard diesel. Also, it was found that the D100 + 20 ppm CuO blend showed better engine performance with enhanced combustion characteristics. The experimental results provided a reduction of around 1.10% in BSFC. This study demonstrates how changes in fuel composition through the addition of nanoparticles to commonly used diesel fuel can provide meaningful improvements in engine performance and emissions.

Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Jasmin sambac extract: Conditions optimization and photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye

This investigation utilized an eco-friendly method to produce copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) through the utilization of Jasminium sambac leaf extract. Optimization of pH, temperature, reaction time, and copper sulfate concentration were performed. Characterization via UV–Vis, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and EDX techniques revealed a peak at 243 nm in UV–Vis, and an FTIR band at 590 cm−1 confirmed Cu(II) ion reduction to CuO NPs. pH, temperature, reaction time, and copper sulfate concentration were identified as crucial synthesis parameters. EDX analysis indicated a composition of 75.94% copper and 24.06% oxygen. CuO NPs were dispersive, monoclinic, crystalline, and pure, with an average particle size of 13.4 nm. Photocatalytic experiments achieved 97% Methylene Blue dye degradation in 210 min, highlighting the efficacy of the green synthesis method for CuO NPs with significant photocatalytic activity in wastewater remediation.

Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Agaricus bisporus Extract as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were synthesized using a rapid, eco-friendly, cost-effective, efficient, and biological method employing aqueous Agaricus bisporus extract as a capping and reducing agent. The formation of CuONPs was checked by UV-vis spectroscopy and was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface area and porosimetry analyzer. The characterization results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a spherical-like appearance and a crystal structure with 40-100 nm particle size. The green synthesized CuONPs were found to be an excellent and sustainable heterogeneous catalyst (TOF up to 29700 h-1 ) for the Suzuki C-C coupling of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid in a very short reaction time (10 minutes). Moreover, the easily recovered catalyst can be reused five times with just a negligible reduction in catalytic behavior.

Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: A promising material for photocatalysis and electrochemical sensor

This research highlights the significant role of green synthesis in the production of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles by using natural extracts as reducing agents. These nanoparticles have shown promising potential in two key applications: photocatalytic degradation of industrial dye effluents and electrochemical sensing of ciprofloxacin. The study found that Arundinaria gigantea leaf extract is an effective reducing agent for synthesizing well-defined crystalline structure CuO nanoparticles, with an average size of 36 nm. The CuO nanoparticles have demonstrated high efficiency in photocatalytic applications, effectively degrading AR88 dye under UV irradiation, making them a viable solution for eco-friendly water purification. Additionally, when incorporated into an electrochemical sensor, these CuO nanoparticles have improved sensitivity and selectivity in detecting ciprofloxacin in aqueous solutions with high accuracy and precision. This study emphasizes the versatility and effectiveness of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles for various practical uses.

Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles for biological applications

Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles for biological applications

Optical Conductivity Analysis of Green CuO Nanoparticles Using Plant Leaf Extract

The optical properties of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles such as absorption coefficient, refractive index, band gap, dielectric constant and optical conductivity were analyzed. XRD shows that upon temperature treatment of green CuO nanoparticles, the crystal size increases and thus the crystallinity increases due to the decrease in the number of crystals per unit area. Due to the high crystallinity, the absorption coefficient exhibits a high electronic shift and the refractive index exhibits good polarization of the ions. Thus the dielectric constant of the real and imaginary regions decreases as the photon energy increases. Higher temperatures exhibit higher photon energy levels. Optical conductivity has induced electron annihilation due to the absorption coefficient of increased photo energy light; Hence the optical conductivity analysis of Lantana camara capped CuO nanoparticles indicated the stability of electrical conductivity with increase in photo power.

Green synthesized CuO nanoparticles using macrofungi extracts: Characterization, nanofertilizer and antibacterial effects

In this detailed study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are synthesized using the green synthesis method via the extracts of Rhizopogon roseolus (R) and Coprinus comatus (Co) macrofungi. Additionally, the effect of calcination temperature on the formation of CuO NPs is investigated at different temperatures such as 400, 600, 800 °C during the synthesis process. The structural, optical and morphological characterizations of biosynthesized CuO NPs are performed by XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis spectroscopy and SEM-EDX analysis, respectively. From the XRD results, it is determined that CuO NPs formed in monoclinic structure in all samples. Also, the optical band gap values in UV–vis spectroscopy are approximately 1.3–1.4 eV for all calcination temperatures. As for SEM measurements, it is clearly seen that the particles have irregular planar morphology in a certain order. Also, the possibilities of using CuO NPs produced at different calcination temperatures as nanofertilizer at different concentrations are determined via analyzing the effects on the growth of Lepidium sativum (cress), Raphanus sativus (radish) and Zea mays (corn) seeds. Besides, it is found that the concentration values of 62.5 (for R) and 125 ppm (for Co) are more effective in the growth and development of all three seeds for all calcination temperatures. Further, the antibacterial effect of CuO NPs is tested against six bacterial strains (Y. enterocolitica, B. cereus, E. faecalis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumanni) by using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique. The results indicate that CuO NPs calcined at 400 °C have the highest antibacterial effect. All in all, the novelty of this study is related with the production of CuO NPs with the aid of the extracts of macrofungi such as R. roseolus and C. comatus.

Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Decorated Polypyrrole-Chitosan on Pencil Graphite Electrode for Enzyme-Free Glucose Sensors

Here we report that we use Vitis vinifera as a reducing and stabilizing agent during the green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles (NPs). Compared to chemical and physical synthesis methods, this approach is non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to investigate the characteristics of the gained particles. It showed that NPs synthesized with Vitis vinifera extract had high purity and an average particle size average of 60 nm. Then, the sensor activity of materials obtained at different concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles decorated polypyrrole-chitosan on pencil graphite electrode was investigated. PPy-Chi(2.5 mg)/PGE containing 2.5 mg CuO NP electrode exhibited a linear range at concentrations of 0.2–10.0 mM and a detection limit as low as 0.740 μM. The incorporation of CuO NPs has greatly increased the sensor activity of the surface electrode, which serves as a highly active site. In addition, the stability achieved along with excellent sensing ability in beverages means that the electrodes are suitable for practical applications.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Tecoma Stans

Aims: An eco-friendly approach utilizing biologically-mediated processes has been developed for the fabrication of CuO nanoparticles using Tecoma stans leaves.
 Methodology: The synthesis of CuO nanoparticles was carried out using an environmentally friendly method, which involved the use of an aqueous solution of copper (II) sulfate and a leaf extract derived from Tecoma stans. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using various instruments, including a UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray Diffraction Spectrometer, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
 Results: The UV-Vis spectrum showed a characteristic absorption peak of CuO nanoparticles at 296 nm. The green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, which revealed their morphological and structural characteristics and showed a mean particle size ranging from 20 nm to 200 nm. The FTIR spectrum, ranging from 584.63 cm-1 to 3430.41 cm-1, indicated the presence of various functional groups. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of monoclinic CuO with a crystalline nature, and an average particle size of 27.67 Å.
 Conclusion: The present study reports the development of a simple, low-cost, and biologically-mediated method for synthesizing CuO nanoparticles using an extract obtained from Tecoma stans leaves. The effectiveness of these nanoparticles can be evaluated through various biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic assays.

In vitro analysis of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles using Tanacetum parthenium extract for multifunctional applications.

Tanacetum parthenium L. is a popular traditional medicinal plant that the role of presence of particular phytochemical compounds are still unconsidered particularly in the bio-nano researches. Here, for the first time, the green fabrication of CuO NPs using Tanacetum parthenium L. extract was performed and assessed for the antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and dye degradation activities. Characterization of CuO NPs was done by UV-visible spectra, XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and EDX. The synthesized CuO NPs possess a crystalline nature, a functional group that resembles T. parthenium, with a spherical shape particle with an average size of 28nm. EDX confirmed CuO NPs formation. The CuO NPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. The cytotoxicity of CuO NPs was demonstrated the concentration-dependent inhibition of the growth against both cancer and normal cell lines. The results exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of the growth of Hela, A 549, and MCF7 cancer cells (IC50 = 65.0, 57.4, and 71.8µg/mL, respectively), which were statistically significant comparing control cells (IC50 = 226.1µg/mL). Furthermore, we observed that CuO NPs-induced programmed cell death in the cancer cells were mediated with the downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of bax, caspase-3. CuO NPs were verified to be a superb catalyst as they had excellent activity for the degradation of 99.6%, 98.7%, 96.6%, and 96.6% of Congo red, methylene blue, methylene orange, and rhodamine B as industrial dyes in 3, 6.5, 6.5, and 6.5min, respectively. Overall, the present study nominates T. parthenium as a proper bio-agent in the biosynthesis of CuO NPs with powerful catalytic and antimicrobial activities as well as a cancer treatment.

Improved anti-diabetic and anticancer activities of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from Tabernaemontana divaricate leaf extract.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are among the most commonly employed nanoparticle materials owing to their antibacterial qualities, although their primary mechanism of action (MOA) is still not completely understood. CuO NPs are synthesized in this study using leaf extract of Tabernaemontana divaricate (TDCO3), and they are then analyzed using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX analysis.The zone of inhibition of TDCO3 NPs against both gram-positive (G+) B.subtilis and gram-negative (G-) K. pneumoniae bacteria was 34 mm and 33 mm,respectively. Furthermore, Cu2+/Cu+ ions promote reactive oxygen species and electrostatically bind with the negatively charged teichoic acid in the bacterial cell wall. The anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetics analysis was conducted using standard BSA denaturation and α-amylase inhibition technique with cell inhibition values of 85.66 and 81.18% for TDCO3 NPs. Additionally, the TDCO3 NPs delivered prominent anticancer activity with the lowest IC50 value 18.2 μg/mL in the MTT assay technique against HeLa cancer cells.

Effect of cobalt doping on antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activities of CuO nanoparticles

Copper oxide nanoparticles doped with 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % cobalt have been prepared via the green method using Annona muricata leaf extract to find their antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activities. The synthesized nanoparticles was analysed by XRD, FTIR, XPS, EDX, SAED, HRTEM, SEM and UV–Visible techniques. XRD pattern indicate all nanoparticles had single-phase monoclinic structure. Functional groups present in the samples were confirmed by FTIR analysis. The incorporation of Co2+ ions into CuO lattice were identified by XPS analysis. Morphological changes of nanoparticles were confirmed by SEM and HRTEM micrograph. Chemical composition of elements were confirmed by EDX spectra. Antimicrobial efficiency of pure and cobalt doped CuO nanoparticles was identified by their zone of inhibition of bacterial and antifungal strains. Moreover, the green synthesized CuO nanoparticles have considerable antioxidant action. Further, the photocatalytic performance of pure and cobalt doped CuO nanoparticles was done by the degradation of methylene blue.

Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Peganum harmala extract for photocatalytic and sonocatalytic degradation of reactive dye and organic compounds

The present study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes for the removal of reactive blue 5 dye and organic compounds of textile effluent in the presence of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). CuO NPs were synthesized using Peganum harmala seed extract. The structure of NPs was confirmed using SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, and FTIR techniques. The tests were carried out in a batch system to assess factors affecting the dye removal efficiency, including contact time, pH, NPs dosage, and initial dye concentration. The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic process (98.42%) produced a higher degradation percentage than the sonocatalytic process (76.16%). While, the dye removal efficiency was not significant in the dark conditions (without UV or US waves). The maximum removal of reactive blue 5 dye under photocatalytic and sonocatalytic conditions occurred at the presence of 0.15 g of CuO NPs and dye concentration of 40 and 60 mg/L, respectively. The kinetic data followed a pseudo-second-order model in both photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.99. Isotherm studies showed that the Langmuir model was the best isothermal model to describe the adsorptive behavior of CuO NPs in a dark condition. The results obtained from GC-MS showed that the photocatalytic process had a degradation efficiency of over 87% in the removal of organic compounds.

Synthesis and Characterization of CuO nanoparticles Using Morus, Citrus and Gossypium Plants Extract and Antibacterial Activities

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized biological methods using aqueous extract of leaves of Morus, Citrus, and Gossypium. Leaves as a reducing and capping agent. The advantages of this methods are simple operation, use of cheap, natural, nontoxic and benign precursors, absence of toxic reagents and mild and environmentally friendly conditions. The green synthesized CuO NPs was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the CuO NPs were crystalline with a mono clinic structure. The formation of NPs is monitored by recording the UV –vis optical properties exhibits in UV - region and band gap energy (Eg) greater than 3 eV. Electrical conductivity increases when temperature increases during the synthesis. Antibacterial study of the CuNPs was established using both gram positive and gram negative pathogens. 
 Keywords :Biological methods, CuO nanoparticles, Extract, Antibacterial.

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Copper Oxide Nanostructures Derived from Garcinia mangostana L. Leaf Extract.

Synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures via biological approach has gained attention to reduce the harmful effects of chemical synthesis. The CuO nanostructures were synthesized through a green approach using the Garcinia mangostana L. leaf extract and copper (II) nitrate trihydrate as a precursor at varying calcination temperatures (200–600 °C). The effect of calcination temperatures on the structural, morphological and optical properties of CuO nanostructures was studied. The red shifting of the green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles’ absorption peak was observed in UV-visible spectrum, and the optical energy bandgap was found to decrease from 3.41 eV to 3.19 eV as the calcination temperatures increased. The PL analysis shown that synthesized CuO NPs calcinated at 500 °C has the maximum charge carriers separation. A peak located at 504–536 cm−1 was shown in FTIR spectrum that indicated the presence of a copper-oxygen vibration band and become sharper and more intense when increasing the calcination temperature. The XRD studies revealed that the CuO nanoparticles’ crystalline size was found to increase from 12.78 nm to 28.17 nm, and dislocation density decreased from 61.26 × 1014 cm−1 to 12.60 × 1014 cm−1, while micro strain decreased from 3.40 × 10−4 to 1.26 × 10–4. From the XPS measurement, only CuO single phase without impurities was detected for the green-mediated NPs calcinated at 500 °C. The morphologies of CuO nanostructures were examined using FESEM and became more spherical in shape at elevated calcination temperature. More or less spherical nanostructure of green-mediated CuO calcinated at 500 °C were also observed using TEM. The purity of the green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles was evaluated by EDX analysis, and results showed that increasing calcination temperature increases the purity of CuO nanoparticles.

Electrocatalytic Investigation by Improving the Charge Kinetics between Carbon Electrodes and Dopamine Using Bio-Synthesized CuO Nanoparticles

We have successfully studied the charge transfer kinetics between carbon paste electrodes and dopamine using green synthesized rectangular monoclinic CuO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by Alchemilla vulgaris leaves with the one-pot green synthesis method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirmed the monoclinic structure with a particle size of around 85 nm. The investigation of thermal properties was carried out by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). We also studied the electrochemical response of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles to detect Dopamine (DA) using cyclic voltammetry, which was proven to be an excellent electrocatalyst for the electro-oxidation of DA. The fabricated CuO nanoparticle modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) depicts fantastic selectivity, robustness, and sensitivity in analyzing DA in clinical and pharmaceutical preparations. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) orbitals of the DA were studied using positive and negative charges at the CuO modified carbon paste electrode interface. Frontier molecular orbitals of DA are plotted to understand electron transfer reactivity at the electrode interface.