Eco-labels Research Articles

An Assessment of Green Marketing Tools and Strategies for Increasing the Consumption Pattern of Khadi Textile Products Among Millennials in Kerala

Purpose: The challenge for policymakers in Kerala today is to effectively and efficiently manage the twin themes of economic development while minimizing environmental damage. During this context, the predominance of green products and green marketing methods and strategies (eco packaging, green branding, green advertising, green labelling, and environmental belief) gains important. Green marketing is a phenomenon that has gained prominence in the current market. Green or ecological marketing is technically a method of producing and advertising goods and services based on their positive effects on the long-term environment and societal advantages. The commodities created are thought to be environmentally friendly and safe for consumption, hence they are referred to as Green Products. The new green movements must reach the public, which will take a significant amount of time and effort. Yoga and natural food intake are examples of healthy living practices that Kerala consumers are exposed to. In those areas, consumers are already aware and would be willing to accept green products such as handlooms and Khadi not just in Kerala but both nationally and globally. These are "Green Products" because they are environmentally sustainable. This study aims to explore the relationship between various features of green marketing techniques and how they affect the consumption rate of Khadi textile products in the districts of mid Kerala. Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of the study is made up of "Khadi textile consumers" from three districts in Mid-Kerala: Palakkad, Thrissur, and Ernakulam. The descriptive and analytical research designs were used in this study. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and primary data from 150 respondents using a multi-stage cluster sampling procedure. The pilot survey and Cronbach's Alpha were utilized to validate the study's validity and reliability, as well as the measurement variables. Correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, the Multicollinearity test, one sample T-test, and structural equation modelling were used to assess the data. The study aims to evaluate the interplay between various components of green marketing techniques and tactics, as well as how they influence the consumption behaviour of Khadi textile customers in Kerala, with a focus on the Mid - Kerala region. Findings/Result: According to the findings of the analysis, various aspects of green marketing tools and strategies have a positive influence on the consumption behaviour pattern of Khadi textile consumers, and all determinants of green marketing tools and strategies are statistically independent. Originality/Value: The researcher applied INPUT – OUTPUT model to the data from 2022 to 2023. Paper Type: Descriptive and Analytical Research.

Environment Friendly Coffee Shop Intentions: How Does Peer Pressure Mediate Among Millennials?

This study aims to determine whether these products are environmentally friendly among millennials. The millennial generation occupies the second-largest position in coffee consumption. The above statement shows the importance of Indonesia focusing more on millennial consumers as a large and potential market for environmentally friendly products. This study aims to determine whether the product is environmentally friendly; in this case, the green coffee shop affects consumer buying interest with Peer Pressure as the mediating variable. This study used non-purposive sampling with snowball techniques. The questionnaire data was tested using Partial Least Square (PLS) from 255 millennial respondents in Indonesia. The results showed that Environmental Knowledge, Environmental Awareness, Social Values, and Eco-Friendly Labels influence Green Purchase Intention through Peer Pressure as an intervening variable. Thus, it can be said that millennial consumers positively influence environmentally friendly products to increase consumer buying interest further. In addition, our results also show that Peer Pressure mediates the relationship between Environmental Knowledge, Environmental Awareness, Social Values, and Green Labels on Green Purchase Intentions of millennial consumer groups in Indonesia.
 Keywords— Green Marketing; Green Purchase Intention; Peer Pressure; Social Value

Implementasi of Triage on the Role Attitude of Emergency Instalation Nurses

Triage is a process to determine which patients should receive treatment first based on the severity of the injury or illness. In triage, patients are grouped into 6 categories, blue label, red label, yellow label, green label, white label, and black label. The highest priority is patients with emergency conditions accompanied by disturbances in the airway, breathing, circulation, which are labeled in blue. The second priority is patients with emergency conditions, which are labeled in red. The third priority is given to patients with minimal emergency conditions, which are labeled in yellow. The next priority is cases without emergencies, but if they are not treated immediately they will have a negative impact on the patient, which is labeled in green. The next priority is the white label given to patients whose conditions are not serious, not emergency, and do not require immediate treatment. Last priority is given to patients who died or had serious irreversible injuries who were labeled in black. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the roles and attitudes of emergency room nurses and the implementation of triage based on priority. The research method used is descriptive correlational with cross sectional design. The results showed that the majority of the role of nurses was good with the implementation of triage as many as 25 people (65.8%), the majority of positive attitudes with the implementation of triage as many as 23 people (60.5%) and the majority carried out triage according to SOP as many as 30 people (78.9%) . The results of the study with the chi-square test p-value <0.05. In conclusion, there is a relationship between the role and attitude of the emergency room nurse and the implementation of triage based on priority.

Anthocyanins extract as a non-toxic and green fluorescent label for bioimaging of HER2-positive breast cancer cells

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death among women. Fluorescent labeling is an essential research and diagnostic tool in the detection of cancer cells. The development of inexpensive and easily accessible fluorescent probes for the detection of cancerous cells is of great importance. Herein we report a green and inexpensive method for extraction of natural anthocyanin fluorophore from Red Cabbage and demonstrate its application for fluorescent bioimaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer cells using non-covalent conjugation of anthocyanin fluorophores to Trastuzumab antibody. In this work, the extracted anthocyanins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescent spectroscopy. The anthocyanin extract showed proper fluorescent intensity for microscopic fluorescent cell imaging, negligible photobleaching and no sign of cytotoxicity (more than 90% viability). The presence of hydroxy and carboxyl functional groups in the structure of anthocyanins provided the opportunity for the non-covalent conjugation of anthocyanins to antibodies. The fluorescent probe made by non-covalent conjugation of the anthocyanin fluorophores to Trastuzumab antibody was used for specific fluorescent imaging of HER2 receptors on HER2 positive breast cancer cells. This green fluorescent probe may have several future applications in biological diagnosis and bio-imaging techniques.

PERANAN PERBANKAN PADA PENERAPAN GREEN BUSINESS DAN SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT

Various things related to greening are increasingly becoming a trend in society. Starting from green labels, green products, green packaging, green consumers, green business, green banking, and so on. All of this is closely related to environmental management issues that have become market demands for environmental safety and sustainability. The greening movement is also happening in banking with the terminology "green banking."Green banking is an activity that mainly leads to sustainability, namely by making environmental protection efforts by promoting a green environment (sustainability) and social investment responsibility. Support from the banking industry through green banking, in actively contributing to environmental protection and management efforts needs to be followed up by preparing legal instruments, providing information, organizing education and socialization, and joint research.

Green label marinades: A solution to salmonella and campylobacter in chicken products?

IntroductionThe presence of meat-borne pathogens entering the home remains a concern for consumers, despite advances made in improving antimicrobial interventions and systems within the processing line. Naturally antibacterial food ingredients including citrus juice and essential oils have been proven to inhibit the proliferation of microbial growth with varying success. AimsThis study aims to investigate the antimicrobial and sensory effects of mixtures of essential oils, fruit juices and herbs at established Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) for their biopreservative effect on general microbiota of chicken and against chicken challenged with selected pathogenic/surrogate microorganisms. Materials and methodsThree marinade compositions were designed for use on chicken meat; lemon juice, thyme oil and black pepper (M1), lime juice, lemongrass oil and chilli paste (M2), and olive oil, oregano oil, basil oil and garlic paste (M3). These marinades were assessed for antibacterial effects against Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria innocua on marinaded chicken drumsticks stored in aerobic conditions at 4 °C. Consumer tasting sessions were also conducted with a small focus group using selected final marinades. ResultsM1 and M2 were effective at significantly reducing initial pathogen carriage from 6 Log CFU/g to 2 Log CFU/g on refrigerated chicken meat as well as increasing the shelf-life of the product during cold-storage from 2 days to 7 days. However, consumer studies indicate that the flavours these marinades impart to treated products can be strong. ConclusionThese findings indicate that these designed marinades have shown excellent potential to improve food safety as well as shelf-life for the consumer, particularly in settings where food safety is often compromised such as barbecuing or in care settings. However, further recipe optimisation is required to make these marinades acceptable to consumers.

Enhancement of Scaffold In Vivo Biodegradability for Bone Regeneration Using P28 Peptide Formulations.

The field of bone tissue engineering has shown a great variety of bone graft substitute materials under development to date, with the aim to reconstruct new bone tissue while maintaining characteristics close to the native bone. Currently, insufficient scaffold degradation remains the critical limitation for the success of tailoring the bone formation turnover rate. This study examines novel scaffold formulations to improve the degradation rate in vivo, utilising chitosan (CS), hydroxyapatite (HAp) and fluorapatite (FAp) at different ratios. Previously, the P28 peptide was reported to present similar, if not better performance in new bone production to its native protein, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), in promoting osteogenesis in vivo. Therefore, various P28 concentrations were incorporated into the CS/HAp/FAp scaffolds for implantation in vivo. H&E staining shows minimal scaffold traces in most of the defects induced after eight weeks, showing the enhanced biodegradability of the scaffolds in vivo. The HE stain highlighted the thickened periosteum indicating a new bone formation in the scaffolds, where CS/HAp/FAp/P28 75 µg and CS/HAp/FAp/P28 150 µg showed the cortical and trabecular thickening. CS/HAp/FAp 1:1 P28 150 µg scaffolds showed a higher intensity of calcein green label with the absence of xylenol orange label, which indicates that mineralisation and remodelling was not ongoing four days prior to sacrifice. Conversely, double labelling was observed in the CS/HAp/FAp 1:1 P28 25 µg and CS/HAp/FAp/P28 75 µg, which indicates continued mineralisation at days ten and four prior to sacrifice. Based on the HE and fluorochrome label, CS/HAp/FAp 1:1 with P28 peptides presented a consistent positive osteoinduction following the implantation in the femoral condyle defects. These results show the ability of this tailored formulation to improve the scaffold degradation for bone regeneration and present a cost-effective alternative to BMP-2.

Effect of the traffic-light system on nutrition labeling in processed food products in the Ecuadorian population

Abstract The 2012 Ecuadorian National Nutrition and Health Survey found that a high proportion of the country's population is overweight or obese. To address this health issue, in 2013, the Ecuadorian government implemented the use of a mandatory traffic-light (TL) nutritional labeling to be displayed on all processed food and beverages for sale in the country. We aimed to evaluate Ecuadorian consumers’ preferences for the nutritional attributes represented in the TL nutritional labels. In this cross-sectional study, 1,152 Ecuadorian consumers aged 18 and older in charge of food purchases completed an online survey. Results of a choice experiment with yogurt products revealed strong preferences and willingness to pay for yellow and green labels reaching price premiums of $1.15 for fat and $1.34 for sugar relative to red labels. The study provides evidence that consumers have high understanding of the TL nutritional labeling and prefer products with colors representing healthier alternatives.

Beauty Goes Green: Effects of Eco-Label and Price Sensitivity on Filipino Gen X and Z’s Sustainable Purchasing Behaviour

Several companies have adopted sustainability as a business approach to protect the social, ecological, and economic environments. This study aims to determine the influence of eco label and price sensitivity on green purchasing behavior of Filipino Gen X and Z consumers and to identify their perception towards them. An online questionnaire was distributed to 385 respondents, and the data gathered for this quantitative study were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, and multiple linear regression. Results show that only price sensitivity significantly affects the purchasing behavior of Gen X. While both eco-label and price sensitivity significantly affects Gen Z’s purchasing behavior. Moreover, the presence of an eco-label influences their buying behavior since they are more knowledgeable of its relevance in products.

How to arrange assortments available in green alternatives: Displaying products by green attributes

AbstractPrevious research has investigated how product display affects consumer choices. However, less is known about the effect of product display on green consumption when products are displayed by green attributes. Through three studies with 610, 661, and 208 valid participants, respectively, the present research demonstrates that displaying products by green attributes render green products more recognizable to the consumer, thereby inducing green choices from among the consideration sets. The positive effect is enhanced by providing green category labels on products. However, the positive effect of product display by green attributes weakens in the case of consumers with high brand familiarity. The findings contribute theoretically and practically to the research on promoting green choice through environmental cues such as product display.

Practical Applications of Doing Well While Doing Good: The Elusive Quest for Green Bond Returns

In <ext-link><bold><italic>Doing Well While Doing Good: The Elusive Quest for Green Bond Returns</italic></bold></ext-link>, from the Spring 2023 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Impact and ESG Investing</italic></bold>, <bold>Juliusz Jablecki</bold>, of <bold>Narodowy Bank Polski</bold> and the <bold>University of Warsaw</bold>, finds that while the green bond label tends to be associated with slightly lower bond spreads, it does not significantly affect overall performance. Credit rating, duration, and industry sector membership have a much stronger influence. Additionally, green bonds do not outperform nongreen bonds during market sell-offs—in fact, they had worse drawdowns in the sell-off of March 2020. However, while green bonds by themselves do not offer a return premium, investors can use them in a data-driven active portfolio management strategy to deliver above-market returns.

The theoretical and practical foundations for the implementation the "green" budgeting principles

The subject of the study is the conceptual foundations of the implementation of the principles of "green" budgeting. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the formation of "green" (ecological) budgeting in the developed countries of the world and countries with a transformational economy, to provide suggestions on the possibilities, advantages and risks of introducing the principles of "green" budgeting in the budget process in Ukraine. Method or methodology of research. In the article, a set of methods of scientific knowledge was used to solve the tasks, which made it possible to realize the conceptual unity of scientific research. System method, method of generalization, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, scientific abstraction are applied. Results of the article.. The article discusses approaches to defining the concept of "green" budgeting, environmental labeling of budget expenditures. The factors that determine the success of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the role of "green" budgeting in this process are systematized. The need to revise state policy measures in the sphere of solving issues of social, economic and environmental direction, increasing the level of people's well-being and reducing social inequality in the form of leveling environmental risks and ensuring conditions for the harmonious development of ecosystems as a component of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2023 has been identified. The peculiarities of the introduction of "green" budgeting in the countries of the European Union and the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development were studied, and the level of "greening" of the budget system and budget policy was determined. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of reforming the public finance management system in terms of improving the budget process through the gradual introduction of environmental labeling of budget expenditures. Conclusions. Green budgeting can have a broader scope related to a range of environmental goals and starts by labeling budget items related to a narrower range of environmental goals, then these methods provide a useful basis for creating markers related to other environmental goals . The primary tasks of the introduction of environmental labeling are to understand the purpose of such budgetary policy instruments, in particular, to understand the area of ​​problems that the government is trying to solve with such an innovation, to assess whether green labeling is a valid solution to environmental problems, as well as the stage of the budget process at which the introduction of green labeling should begin.

Environmental Consciousness, Purchase Intention, and Actual Purchase Behavior of Eco-Friendly Products: The Moderating Impact of Situational Context

Recently, environmental issues have become major social concerns, and consumers are becoming increasingly aware of environmental matters; however, they remain hesitant to purchase eco-friendly products. This study examined consumers' environmental consciousness as a factor influencing the purchase of eco-friendly products, and investigated situational factors that induce hesitancy in purchasing eco-friendly products. We studied the moderating effects of these factors with regard to ease of purchase and eco label credibility. Our research model is validated using data from 220 consumers with experience in purchasing eco-friendly products in Korea. For the data analysis, we used SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 to perform confirmatory factor analysis and SEM. The specific verification results are as follows. First, environmental interest did not significantly impact the purchase intention of eco-friendly products. Second, consumers' environmental knowledge and consumer effectiveness perception both had a significant impact on the purchase intention of eco-friendly products. Third, the intention to purchase eco-friendly products significantly impacted the purchase behavior of eco-friendly products. In addition, the results of this study show that ease of purchase and eco label credibility have moderating effects on the relationship between purchase intention and purchase behavior. This study results contribute to the eco-friendly consumption literature by explaining the intention-behavior gap. This study also show that eco-friendly consumption can be stimulated through raising eco label credibility and ease of purchase. The findings have theoretical implications for understanding the factors that affect consumers' intentions of and behavior toward eco product purchases, and practical implications for how to stimulate environmental consumer behavior.

Classification of Urban Green Space Types Using Machine Learning Optimized by Marine Predators Algorithm

The accuracy of machine learning models is affected by hyperparameters when classifying different types of urban green spaces. To investigate the impact of hyperparametric algorithms on model optimization, this study used the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) to optimize three models: K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). The feasibility of the algorithm was illustrated by extracting and analyzing park green space and attached green spaces within the fifth-ring road of Beijing. A dataset of urban green space type labels was constructed using SPOT6. Three optimized models, MPA-KNN, MPA-SVM and MPA-RF, were constructed. The optimum hyperparameter combination was chosen based on the accuracy of the validation set, and the three optimized models were compared in terms of the Area Under Curve (AUC) value, accuracy on the test set, and other indicators. The results showed that applying MPA improves the accuracy of the validation set of the KNN, SVM, and RF models by 4.2%, 2.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. The MPA-RF model had an AUC value of 0.983 and a test set accuracy of 89.93%, indicating that it was the most accurate of the three models.

Biosurfactants: Forthcomings and Regulatory Affairs in Food-Based Industries.

The terms discussed in this review-biosurfactants (BSs) and bioemulsifiers (BEs)-describe surface-active molecules of microbial origin which are popular chemical entities for many industries, including food. BSs are generally low-molecular-weight compounds with the ability to reduce surface tension noticeably, whereas BEs are high-molecular-weight molecules with efficient emulsifying abilities. Some other biomolecules, such as lecithin and egg yolk, are useful as natural BEs in food products. The high toxicity and severe ecological impact of many chemical-based surfactants have directed interest towards BSs/BEs. Interest in food surfactant formulations and consumer anticipation of "green label" additives over synthetic or chemical-based surfactants have been steadily increasing. BSs have an undeniable prospective for replacing chemical surfactants with vast significance to food formulations. However, the commercialization of BSs/BEs production has often been limited by several challenges, such as the optimization of fermentation parameters, high downstream costs, and low yields, which had an immense impact on their broader adoptions in different industries, including food. The foremost restriction regarding the access of BSs/BEs is not their lack of cost-effective industrial production methods, but a reluctance regarding their potential safety, as well as the probable microbial hazards that may be associated with them. Most research on BSs/BEs in food production has been restricted to demonstrations and lacks a comprehensive assessment of safety and risk analysis, which has limited their adoption for varied food-related applications. Furthermore, regulatory agencies require extensive exploration and analysis to secure endorsements for the inclusion of BSs/BEs as potential food additives. This review emphasizes the promising properties of BSs/BEs, trailed by an overview of their current use in food formulations, as well as risk and toxicity assessment. Finally, we assess their potential challenges and upcoming future in substituting chemical-based surfactants.

Usability of Discarded Lignocellulosic Fibers in Paper for Secondary Green Packaging and Labeling

Packaging and labels are used for a variety of products and have become an indispensable part of daily life, while products without labels or packaging cause uncertainty among consumers. The global trend is to reduce the amount of packaging waste by recycling and reusing the same material or using other available waste raw materials. With large quantities of stalks remaining discarded in the fields after harvest each year, cereal straw is emerging as an alternative source of lignocellulosic fibers for secondary green packaging and labels. In this study, the usability of printed papers with discarded lignocellulosic fibers by offset and gravure printing processes for secondary green packaging and labels was observed based on the qualitative parameters of reproduction and ink penetration into the printing substrate. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that gravure prints have greater penetration of the ink into the printing substrate, resulting in more uneven surface coverage with printing ink, compared to offset prints, where the viscosity of the ink and the printing process itself have the greatest influence. Therefore, these substrates with discarded lignocellulosic fibers can be used for secondary green packaging and labeling printed by the offset printing process, while gravure printing requires an additional coating or a larger amount of filler in the paper structure.

Study of the effects of butyric acid and propanediol of the intestine in ICR mice

The effect of gut microbiota correctors on the motility of the gastrointestinal tract of ICR mice was studied. Two feed additives were used - compositions based on glycerol and 1.3 propanediol and Salkoli Mono BP Dry. Three groups of 10-12 animals each were formed according to the principle of analogues: two experimental and one control. Experimental feed mixtures were made by saturating 200 g of feed with sunflower oil, 1.3 propanediol, glycerol (experimental group 1); the feed mixture of experimental group 2 was additionally mixed with the feed additive Salkoli Mono BP Dry. To estimate the rate of fecal excretion, 100 µl of fluorescent tags (fluorescent ink green and red) were given to mice of all groups, previously mixed with water 1: 1. The timing of the appearance of the first signs of fluorescence in feces in animals of the control and experimental groups was estimated. Intensive fluorescence of the green label in fluorimetry samples was observed. The greatest increase in fluorescence was observed at the 4th hour of the experiment in the control group, while in the 2nd experimental group the increase lasted until the 5th hour. In the 1st experimental group, elimination of the main amount of green dye did not begin even by the 5th hour of the experiment. The method using fluorescent tags revealed a delay in mixing of feed masses in mice fed glycerol and 1,3 propanediol, which was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in Escherichia coli concentration - by 3 times (p &lt; 0.05). The use of Salkoli Mono BP Dry had no statistically significant effect on E. coli concentrations and gastrointestinal motility.

The impact of salient labels and choice overload on sustainability judgments: An online experiment investigating consumers’ knowledge and overconfidence

Previous research suggests that contextual factors can affect the perception of food products, however, we still know little about how consumers evaluate these items in terms of sustainability. This research investigates how well shoppers can rate food items in the matter of their environmental impact, whether they are overconfident in their knowledge of food sustainability, and whether labels on packaging and great availability of choice can affect their judgment. Through an online behavioural experiment, we test the impact of salient truthful and untruthful green labels, and of choice overload on people’s perceptions of the environmental quality of food products. We find that choice overload is detrimental to consumers’ judgment, but that truthful labels can help shoppers correctly identify sustainable items. However, untruthful labels can negatively impact consumers’ judgments with choice overload, even if shoppers have greater prior knowledge of sustainability. These findings suggest that truthful and untruthful salient labels and choice overload can have an impact on shoppers’ perceptions of food products. We find that overconfidence in one’s sustainability judgment is negatively correlated to judgment accuracy. Hence, great care should be taken in presenting food products to consumers to make the most environmentally friendly items stand out.

Factors influencing the green purchase intention among consumers: An empirical study in Algeria

The main objective of the study is to investigate factors influencing the green purchase intention of Algerian consumers using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Furthermore, it aims to examine the impacts of subjective norms, consumer attitude, environmental knowledge, and green label variable to the consumer purchase intention. The authors proposed the model of TPB that combines three constructs namely attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The subjective norms and consumer attitude variables were directly adopted from the TPB Model. In addition, environmental knowledge and green label variables were added based on the review of the literature. The study was conducted based on the quantitative approach, with data collected through a self-administrated questionnaire that resulted in 350 responses of Algerian consumers from Algiers town. The empirical findings of this study supported only three hypotheses and did not find evidence to support one. Subjective norms, environmental knowledge, and green label variables positively and significantly influenced the green purchase intention, whereas the consumer attitude did not show any significant influence on Algerian consumers’ purchase intention. In conclusion, green label and environmental knowledge were resulted to be the most influential factors that impact the green purchase intention of Algerian consumers. The findings from this study can improve the forthcoming research in related topics and help the marketers develop their Algerian marketing strategies.

Advancing the marketing‐operations interface in omnichannel retail

Advancing the marketing‐operations interface in omnichannel retail