Green Hydrogen Research Articles

Enhanced green hydrogen production using a novel converter with extremely low current ripple and high step-down ratio

Efficient hydrogen production through water electrolysis relies on catalytic electrodes with low onset potentials and uniform activity. This study presents an optical polarization imaging technique for real-time, in situ mapping of the activity distribution on catalytic electrode surfaces during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis. By monitoring changes in the degree of polarization (DoP) of the reflected light during bubble formation on the electrode surface, this technique quantitatively analyzes the hydrogen evolution activity. The results demonstrate that our imaging approach provides direct visualization of surface activity heterogeneity, offering critical insights into structure-performance relationships. Coupled with high-throughput screening, electrodeposition time is systematically correlated with electrode efficacy, significantly enhancing the efficiency of the screening process. By bridging the gap between localized catalytic behavior and macroscopic durability challenges, this work establishes a framework for rational electrode design, advancing scalable green hydrogen technologies.

Reimagining landfills as energy hubs: A new integrated approach for biomethane and green hydrogen production

Abstract The European Union’s (EU) decarbonisation strategy identifies green hydrogen as a critical energy vector for achieving climate neutrality by 2050. Electrolysis powered by renewable electricity is the most mature zero-carbon pathway for hydrogen production, yet four main electrolyzer technologies: Alkaline Electrolysis (AE), Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis (PEM), Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOE), and Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolysis (AEM), differ significantly in their technical, economic, and environmental characteristics. This study presents a comprehensive comparative assessment of these technologies, integrating peer-reviewed literature, manufacturer data, and case study evidence from industrial and pilot-scale deployments. Technical parameters analysed include efficiency, operating pressure, temperature, hydrogen purity, current density, lifetime, and operational flexibility. Economic indicators cover capital expenditure (CAPEX), operating expenditure (OPEX), cost-reduction trajectories, and material availability constraints. Environmental performance is assessed using life cycle considerations, including raw material sourcing, operational emissions, and recyclability. The findings indicate that AE offers cost-effective large-scale production but is less suited to variable renewable integration, PEM provides high efficiency and load flexibility at higher cost, SOE delivers maximum electrical efficiency when coupled with high-temperature heat sources, and AEM shows promise for cost reduction but requires durability improvements. Results support the hypothesis that no single technology meets all requirements, and a diversified electrolyzer portfolio will optimise the EU hydrogen deployment. Policy, investment, and infrastructure planning should therefore prioritize technology complementarity, supply chain resilience, and integration strategies tailored to regional renewable energy profiles.

Bifunctional Mg doped SrCo0.7Fe0.3O3-δ perovskites for enhanced oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions for Green hydrogen production applications

Seawater electrolysis for green hydrogen: A critical review of challenges, advances, and future directions

Retraction notice to "Energy futures and green hydrogen production: Is Saudi Arabia trend?" [Results in Engineering 18 (2023) 101165

Hybrid multi-scale multiphase flow modeling of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers for green hydrogen production

Hybrid renewable energy systems for seawater-based green hydrogen in Egyptian coastal zones: A case study

Green hydrogen production from oil palm wastes: A techno-economic and environmental perspective

Optimization of Mo doping in Ni-MOF for enhanced green hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis

Feasibility study of green hydrogen generation from wind power plants under Indian climatic conditions

Progress and perspectives of green hydrogen production by splitting atmospheric water

Insular regions face unique energy management challenges due to physical isolation. Graciosa (Azores) has high renewable energy sources (RES) potential, theoretically enabling a 100% green system. However, RES intermittency combined with the lack of energy storage solutions reduces renewable penetration and raises curtailment. This article studies the technical and economic feasibility of producing green hydrogen from curtailment energy in Graciosa through two distinct case studies. Case Study 1 targets maximum renewable penetration with green hydrogen serving as chemical storage, converted back to electricity via fuel cells during RES shortages. Case Study 2 focuses on maximum profitability, where produced gases are sold to monetize curtailment, without additional electricity production. Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) values of €3.06/kgH2 and €2.68/kgH2, respectively, and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values of 3.7% and 17.1% were obtained for Case Studies 1 and 2, with payback periods of 15.2 and 6.1 years. Hence, only Case Study 2 is economically viable, but it does not allow increasing the renewable share in the energy mix. Sensitivity analysis for Case Study 1 shows that overall efficiency and CAPEX are the main factors affecting viability, highlighting the need for technological advances and economies of scale, as well as the importance of public funding to promote projects like this.

This paper presents TwinP2G, a software application for optimal planning of investments in power-to-gas (PtG) systems. TwinP2G provides simulation and optimization services for the techno-economic analysis of user-customized energy networks. The core of TwinP2G is based on power flow simulation; however it supports energy sector coupling, including electricity, green hydrogen, natural gas, and synthetic methane. The framework provides a user-friendly user interface (UI) suitable for various user roles, including data scientists and energy experts, using visualizations and metrics on the assessed investments. An identity and access management mechanism also serves the security and authorization needs of the framework. Finally, TwinP2G revolutionizes the concept of data availability and data sharing by granting its users access to distributed energy datasets available in the EnerShare Data Space. These data are available to TwinP2G users for conducting their experiments and extracting useful insights on optimal PtG investments for the energy grid.

In order to cope with the climate change nowaday, the use of fossil fuels, which generate massive amounts of CO₂, must be replaced with renewable fuels (the carbon-neutral approach). This paper provides an overview of definitions, characteristics and developments of several renewable alternative fuels including bioethanol, biodiesel, biokerosene, green hydrogen, green ammonia and sustainable aviation fuels. The overview also introduces pathways in the past to present and the years to comes in some countries to deal with the production and development of these fuels. This will be the esstiential benefits for researchers, manufacturers and policy makers to refer in order to understanding and finding their own pathways to achieve carbon neutrality in the near future. This is one aspect of the green transformations that the entire world is striving for.

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWEs) attract significant attention for producing green hydrogen. However, their widespread application remains hindered by high production costs. This study develops cost-effective and high-performance 3D-printed gyroid structures as porous transport layers (PTLs) for the anode of PEMWEs. Experimental results demonstrate that the PTL's structure critically influences its performance, which depends on its design. Among the four gyroid structures evaluated, the G10 electrode exhibited the best performance in electrochemical tests conducted under various ex-situ conditions simulating real-world operation. Furthermore, the 3D-printed G10 electrode undergoes Pt coating and is compared with commercially available PTLs. The commercial PTL (C3) shows a current density of 138.488mA cm-2, whereas the G10-1.00μm Pt electrode achieves a significantly higher current density of 584.692mA cm-2 at 1.9V. The gyroid structure is a promising avenue for developing high-energy and low-cost PEMWEs and other related technologies.

This work explores the integration of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis waste heat with district heating networks (DHN), aiming to enhance the overall energy efficiency and economic viability of hydrogen production systems. PEM electrolysers generate substantial amounts of low-temperature waste heat during operation, which is often dissipated and left unutilised. By recovering such thermal energy and selling it to district heating systems, a synergistic energy pathway that supports both green hydrogen production and sustainable urban heating can be achieved. The study investigates how the electrolyser’s operating temperature, ranging between 50 and 80 °C, influences both hydrogen production and thermal energy availability, exploring trade-offs between electrical efficiency and heat recovery potential. Furthermore, the study evaluates the compatibility of the recovered heat with common heat emission systems such as radiators, fan coils, and radiant floors. Results indicate that valorising waste heat can enhance the overall system performance by reducing the electrolyser’s specific energy consumption and its levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) while supplying carbon-free thermal energy for the end users. This integrated approach contributes to the broader goal of sector coupling, offering a pathway toward more resilient, flexible, and resource-efficient energy systems.

Hydrogen-oxygen (H2/O2) fuel cells offer a promising clean energy solution by converting the chemical energy from hydrogen and oxygen into electricity, with water as only the byproduct. This review outlines the principles behind H2/O2 fuel cells, including electrochemical reactions, thermodynamic considerations and the role of advanced materials like catalysts, membranes and electrodes. It addresses key challenges such as catalyst degradation, water management and hydrogen storage, alongside strategies to overcome these issues, including non-precious metal catalysts, high-temperature proton-exchange membranes and optimized cell designs. The diverse applications of H2/O2 fuel cells, spanning transportation, stationary power generation and portable devices, highlight their potential to decarbonize various industries. The importance of green hydrogen production from renewable energy sources was emphasized and the need for infrastructure to support large-scale fuel cell deployment. As fuel cell technology advances, the transition to a hydrogen economy provides a pathway to achieving net-zero carbon emissions. Continued interdisciplinary research and development are crucial to overcoming existing barriers, enhancing scalability and ensuring the widespread adoption of H2/O2 fuel cells as a key component of sustainable energy systems.

Aluminium-based electrode materials for green hydrogen production through electrolysis and hydrolysis: a review