Reduction Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Research Articles

Optimizing dietary habits for climate benefits in China: Greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable substitution strategies

The transition in dietary patterns will impact future food consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). In this study, we employed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) coefficient method to evaluate the GHGs associated with dietary consumption across 31 provinces in China from 1978 to 2022. Additionally, we simulated the greenhouse gas emission reduction potential and the spatio-temporal changes under five food substitution scenarios for the period 2022–2050. The results indicated that GHGs from animal-based foods increased the most, rising from 1673.1 Mt. CO2eq in 1978 to 6660.3 Mt. CO2eq in 2022, with pork being the largest source of emissions, accounting for approximately 44 %. The grain-based food substitution scenario resulted in the lowest GHG emissions, about 533.88 Mt. CO2eq. Conversely, the plant-based food substitution scenario had the highest emissions, reaching 635.49 Mt. CO2eq. This study provides a benchmark for improving regional dietary structures and formulating policies aimed at reducing GHGs through dietary consumption.

Detection of Nickel Atoms Released from Electrodes in Spark Discharges Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence.

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the effort of carbon neutrality require the improvement of spark-ignition engines in terms of efficiency and capability to operate on renewable fuels. The electrode wear of spark plugs, used for ignition of novel fuels and lean mixtures, emerges as a significant challenge in this transition. Understanding the physical mechanism and influence of spark operation parameters of the wear process is thus important. Compared to the conventional methodology of performing long-term wear tests, laser-based optical diagnostics methods are capable of assessing electrode wear during one single or a few spark discharges. In this work, the necessary initial steps required for performing optical investigations using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) are presented. Several excitation pathways of nickel atoms were investigated, and 336.96 nm was identified as the optimal one. This excitation approach yielded emissions between 338.75 and 353.58 nm, effectively avoiding the major interference from N2 plasma emission in spark discharges. Additionally, a linear relationship in fluorescence signal intensity with excitation energy up to 400 µJ was observed. These findings indicate the potential of LIF for in situ diagnostics of electrode wear, contributing to engine development in both efficiency and compatibility with sustainable fuels.

Biobased propylene and acrylonitrile production in a sugarcane biorefinery: Identification of preferred production routes via techno-economic and environmental assessments

Four alternative, sugar-derived chemical intermediates were compared for the production of propylene and acrylonitrile in energy self-sufficient biorefineries, annexed to an existing sugarcane mill, to assess economic feasibility and environmental sustainability. Aspen Plus® process simulations considered ethanol and isopropanol produced from A-molasses as intermediates for propylene production, while propylene and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) from A-molasses were compared for acrylonitrile production. The minimum selling prices (MSPs) for propylene-from-ethanol (3634 $/t), propylene-from-isopropanol (8151 $/t), acrylonitrile-from-propylene (4698 $/t), and acrylonitrile-from-3-HP (5957 $/t) were 280 %, 752 %, 302 % and 409 % above the market prices of fossil-based equivalents. Nonetheless, the propylene biorefineries achieved up to 97 % reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, whilst acrylonitrile biorefineries had up to 43 % reduction compared to fossil-based production processes. Based on process yields, energy demand and GHG emissions, ethanol was identified as the preferred intermediate route for all four biorefinery scenarios, while substantial price-premiums will be required for industrial production.

Potentials of greenhouse gas emission reduction through energy efficiency improvement in Iran's petrochemical sector

Reducing energy consumption and increasing energy efficiency is a key strategy to mitigate greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the petrochemical sector, both because of the high share of energy-related emissions and because of the economic attractiveness in terms of return on investment. This paper aims to calculate the GHG mitigation potentials of the energy reduction projects in Iran's petrochemical sector. firstly, we estimated the trend of GHG emissions until 2035 using data collected from the petrochemical complexes in Iran. Then, by assessing the energy audits and other studies, we calculated the energy consumption reduction potentials as well as their costs and benefits for petrochemical complexes. Finally, we modelled the energy supply and demand of the petrochemical sector in LEAP software to evaluate the mitigation potentials of the energy reduction projects. The results show that a 6.7 % emission reduction in the existing petrochemical complexes can be achieved with a capital of about 160 million dollars. The net present value of the projects will be about 2 billion dollars, and the cost of carbon reduction will be −60.7 dollars per ton. The results of this research can be used for policymakers to plan the mitigation pathway of the sector since the revenues obtained from the energy conservation measures can be used to fund capital-intensive GHG mitigation projects.

A techno-economic feasibility analysis of solutions to cover the thermal and electrical demands of anaerobic digesters

The use of biogas from anaerobic digestion (AD) has been switching in recent years from electricity to biomethane (BM) production. This choice leads to a higher energy efficiency compared to the use of biogas for combined heat and power (CHP) production, but results in a higher electricity demand for the upgrading and in the necessity of a heat supply for the digesters. This study analyses possible technical solutions, such as heat pumps or wood chip boilers to cover the thermal needs of the digester and photovoltaic panels (PV) to supply electricity. Three feedstocks were considered with high (organic waste), low (livestock manure), and intermediate (sewage sludge) biochemical methane potential (BMP), resulting in different electricity and heating needs. Results show that heat pumps (HP) are an economically viable solution for medium/low BMP feedstocks, for which relative payback times are in the range 1.5–5.4 years; in these cases, a reduction of 47–83 % of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and of 59–68 % of non-renewable primary energy is also achieved. For high BMP feedstocks, economic benefits are possible only with low electricity cost (below 130€/MWhel), and a reduction of GHG emissions is possible only using low-carbon electrical energy (below 202 kgCO2eq/kWh).

Optimized ammonium-nitrate ratios in constructed wetlands for simultaneously efficient nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas reduction

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are increasingly employed for treating secondary tailwater treatment from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), addressing the challenges of nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. This study explores the potential for enhancing nitrogen removal while reducing GHG emissions in vertical flow CWs by optimizing the influent ammonium-nitrate ratio in real tailwater scenarios. Six different influent ammonium-nitrate ratios (0:15, 1:20, 1:10, 1:5, 1:2, 1:1) were investigated and the results indicate that an ammonium-nitrate ratio of 1:5 achieves the highest total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 77.50 ± 2.40 %, with the effluent concentrations below 4 mg/L. Conversely, a ratio of 1:10 minimized N2O emissions (0.027 mg/(m2⋅h)), representing just 0.054 ‰ of influent TN. Additionally, it was observed that increasing the ammonium-nitrate ratio influences microbial selectivity within the system. Moreover, a life cycle assessment further indicates that a 1:5 ratio poses the lowest potential environmental impact. These insights guide the design optimization of CWs for enhanced nitrogen removal and GHG mitigation, providing valuable strategies for tailwater management from WWTPs.

Social impact assessment of biofuel production for maritime and aviation sectors: a case study of a pilot biorefinery project

This work presents a comprehensive Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) and Social Cost-Benefit Analysis (S-CBA) conducted as part of a research project, studying biofuel production for the maritime and aviation sectors, from various types of non-food waste biomasses. The inclusion of social considerations complements and expands on the environmental and economic ones. The importance of social group criteria was determined through expert questionnaires, leading to the identification of social impacts groups and social criteria from stakeholders across participating countries. The results successfully identified and quantified social impacts, and align with those reported in similar cases in relevant literature. Social Cost-Benefits, monetarizing social factors, demonstrated several social benefits, including reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions. However, it also highlighted social costs, such as Economic Costs associated with the initial investment. The study revealed critical social hotspots within the impact categories, making significant strides in understanding the social impacts of biofuel production, providing valuable insights for decision-makers, and contributing to the broader goal of sustainable and socially responsible biofuel production.

Carbon-mechanic dual-control design decision model of prefabricated structural components

Prefabricated enclosure structures (PES) have become the key technology for low-carbon construction in the engineering field due to their low labor demand, fast construction speed, and low environmental pollution. In the context of low-carbon development, efficiently designing PES that not only possess high-strength but also demonstrate significant greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction benefits has become a critical challenge. The objective of this study is to address the challenges of automated design and scientific decision-making methods for PES components. First, the Carbon-mechanic dual-control assessment model (CDAM) is proposed, providing a novel evaluation dimension for the design of prefabricated components. Subsequently, based on the CDAM, an automated design decision-making process, and model for components are established using an improved genetic algorithm and parameterized method. Finally, under the constraints of actual engineering conditions, adaptive solutions were automatically generated for specific cases. These solutions were comprehensively evaluated and optimized using CDAM, resulting in design guidelines and optimal solutions for PES that balance environmental performance and load-bearing capacity. The case analysis results show that the optimal scheme based on the carbon-mechanic dual-control (CM) index is: the sectional dimension is 830 mm, the reinforcement ratio is 0.9 % and the cavity ratio is 45 %, which shows the ideal characteristics of low-carbon and high-strength. Compared with the single index decision scheme, this scheme achieve a maximum of 42 % GHG emissions reduction. The high comprehensive performance scheme is characterized by small sectional dimension, high reinforcement ratio, and high cavity ratio. Cavity ratio is a key parameter to achieve high performance design. The research findings provide an important theoretical basis and technical support for the low-carbon transformation in the engineering field.

The technological transformation of the Russian energy sector forced by carbon regulation

RELEVANCE of the study lies in the assessment of the impact that various carbon regulation instruments stimulating the achievement of national climate goals have on the development scale of different electricity and heat production technologies in Russia.THE PURPOSE. To consider the change in the optimal technological structure of the electric power industry and district heating in Russia by 2050 assuming the introduction of various carbon regulation instruments in 2030.METHODS. We used the developed at ERI RAS system technological model EPOS for the optimization of the energy technology structure in the Russian energy sector according to the criterion of the minimum total discounted costs for energy supply to the economy until 2050.RESULTS. The article provides an analysis of the scale of changes in installed capacity and electricity production of various types of power plants in the UES of Russia, as well as changes in heat production of different heat supply sources by 2050 for 16 carbon regulation options and business-as-usual scenario. Also it describes the optimal technological structure in the electric power industry and district heating under the conditions of certain administrative, fiscal and economic instruments of climate policy. Carbon regulation options based on the corresponding increases in the installed capacity of power plants in the UES of Russia by 2050 are compared.CONCLUSION. Decarbonization of the electric power industry in Russia will mainly occur by expansion of nuclear energy, heat production – by deployment of electric boilers, taking into account current forecasts of scientific and technological progress. At the same time, for carbon regulation options leading to a greenhouse gas emissions reduction by 30% relative to 2019 level, nuclear power plants could become the new dominant technology in the structure of electricity production instead of gas thermal power plants. The total increase in installed capacity of power plants in the UES of Russia by 2050 may differ by almost seven times for various carbon regulation options. Among the climate policy options considered, emission quotation and carbon taxes have the strongest impact on the technological structure of the electric power industry and district heating in Russia.

Sustainable broiler chicken meat production: A three-layer model for emissions reduction and traceability

The world's major issues are climate change and global warming. The broiler chicken meat production industry plays a significant role in greenhouse gas emissions, which are responsible for global warming and climate change. The world urgently needs a new emission-free, eco-friendly, and sustainable meat production system. In this research, a three-layer broiler chicken meat production supply model is developed with greenhouse gas emissions reduction and an eco-friendly meat production system. The green technology investments and carbon tax policy are implemented to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from broiler chicken farmers and processors. The optimal cycle time, green investment, and number of shipments in the proposed model are computed in the Mathematica 9.0 software flatform by using the solution-finding algorithm. The concavity of the objective function is verified through two methods: mathematically, using the Hessian matrix concavity test, and graphically, by three-dimensional plotting of the objective function. The numerical examples, optimal solution table, results discussion, sensitivity analysis, and managerial implications are presented for the broiler chicken meat-producing industry. The emission cost of the processor and farmer are minimized by 5.29% and 15%, respectively, by the implementation of green technology investments. The AITP has increased by 1.01%. This study found that greenhouse gas emissions from the broiler chicken meat-producing industry can be significantly reduced by carbon tax implementation and utilizing renewable energy resources for energy requirements.

Optimization of a hybrid renewable energy system for off-grid residential communities using numerical simulation, response surface methodology, and life cycle assessment

This paper presents an optimized hybrid renewable energy system tailored for off-grid residential communities, integrating wind, solar, and hydrogen technologies to meet electricity, cooling, heating, and water needs. The proposed optimization methodology combines numerical simulation, response surface methodology (RSM), and life cycle assessment (LCA), ensuring robust performance across diverse conditions. Key components include fuel cells, reverse osmosis systems, heat pumps, photovoltaic/thermal solar collectors, wind turbines, and hydrogen generation systems. The optimization process targets critical variables such as PVT panel area, the number of wind turbines, and fuel cell power. The optimal configuration was found to include 24 small-scale wind turbines, 159.46 m2 of PVT collectors, and 79.73 kW of fuel cell power. This configuration generated surplus electricity with net electricity usage (NEU) values of −123084.27 kWh/year in New York, −224245.29 kWh/year in Forks, and −215949.30 kWh/year in Santa Barbara. Additionally, the optimized systems achieved a significant reduction in life cycle cost (LCC), with Forks showing the lowest LCC at 304428.97 USD. The environmental impact was also minimized using the novel optimization approach, with the optimized systems achieving negative 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) values, indicating a net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Assessment of Climate Change Mitigation Potential for Heating System in Kosovo

Objective: In this study is we have provided a prediction model for the improvement of heating system in Kosovo, following the implementation of an energy efficiency program, the consumption of energy commodities in heating system will decrease and the problem of deforestation will be mitigated. Theoretical Framework: We suppose a degree of reduction variable due to the renewable energy sources use, new technology options and energy efficiency toward GHG and air pollution reduction and policy initiative for District Heating in Kosovo. Method: For modelling impacts of the technology and policy options for reducing GHG and air pollution due to improvement of heating system in Kosovo, the model STELLA software has been used. Projection for emission factors and total annual emission for Air Pollutants and GHG (CO2) are calculated with US EPA methodology Results and Discussion: The resulting reductions of Air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the loss of heat and water and increasing the energy efficiency will have a direct and positive impact on the environment and climate change. Research Implications: Implementing the emission reduction policies EE, Renewable energy and introducing new technologies in heating system in Kosovo for the total emission of CO2, we will have reduction for about 20% (3.36 Mt CO2) in 2025 in comparison with (4.41 Mt CO2) in year 2015; also, we will have a significant reduction for other GHG. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by impruvemment of heating system in Kosovo.

Measurement of the social investment impact of the bahtera segara program using the social return on investment method (SROI)

PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Semarang conducted this study to analyze the impact of the BAHTERA SEGARA (Bahagia Sejahtera Nelayan Pesisir Semarang Utara) Program, aiming to enhance the program's quality in the future. This research employs the SROI method to measure the impact of all activities carried out by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Semarang within the framework of the BAHTERA SEGARA (Bahagia Sejahtera Nelayan Pesisir Pesisir Semarang Utara) Program. Based on the study results of the BAHTERA SEGARA Program (Bahagia Sejahtera Nelayan Pesisir Semarang Utara), this program has proven to be effective and has a significant positive impact. The program has succeeded in improving the economic, social, and environmental welfare of the target community groups and communities that replicate it independently. Increasing SROI scores from 2020 to 2023 indicate that the program is increasingly effective in delivering benefits, particularly through the replication of food crop cultivation and increased fish processing productivity. The program also contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and supports climate change adaptation efforts. The program's successful replication demonstrates the effectiveness of BAHTERA SEGARA as a collective learning tool, as well as its potential for replication in other areas with similar conditions.

Water Conservation Practices and Nitrogen Fertility for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens

Irrigation practices that conserve water use have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but may adversely affect turfgrass appearance. The purpose of this study was to identify irrigation practices and N fertilizers that will decrease carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4,), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions while evaluating turfgrass color and quality. In both years, supplemental rainfall (SRF) soil moisture content was higher than business as usual (BAU) irrigation and syringing (SYR). Higher soil moisture led to increased fluxes in both soil CO2 and soil N2O. In 2017, the SRF fluxed lower soil CO2 as soil moisture reached levels that restricted respiration. Soil moisture was also an important predictor of soil N2O flux with BAU and SRF having higher soil N2O fluxes. SRF produced the greenest turf from May to July, whereas SRY and SRF produced the greenest turf from August to October in 2016. Both BAU and SRF had the greenest turf in 2017. BAU had the highest turfgrass quality ratings in 2016 followed by SRF and SRY, respectively, whereas in 2017 SRF and SRY had higher turfgrass quality ratings. When adopting water conservation practices to reduce GHG emissions, soil moisture content and site-specific rainfall should be closely monitored to prevent overwatering.

Simplification of clean development mechanism to measure CO2 emission reductions from shifting private transportation to mass rapid transit: a case study of MRT Jakarta Phase 1

Background The Indonesian government built the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) in Jakarta to reduce traffic congestion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The objective of this study is to estimate the CO2 emissions reductions from switching from private transport to MRT by using a methodology proposed by the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for developing countries, namely the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) methodology, which generates Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). This methodology is more comprehensive than other available methodologies. However, this method has not been widely used to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions in mass transit projects because it is complex enough to require a lot of data based on primary surveys. Therefore, this research simplifies the CDM formula to make it easier and applicable in Indonesia. Methods The primary data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to 480 MRT Jakarta Phase 1 user respondents in September 2019 (baseline); the secondary data were obtained from The MRT Jakarta. The data were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27. The simplified Clean Development Mechanism Approved Consolidated Methodology 0016 (CDM ACM 0016) was the analysis method used. Result The results of this study indicate that 53.75% of MRT Jakarta Phase 1 users are shifting from private transportation, which has reduced CO2 emissions by 2,732.7 tons in 2019 and 6,043.9 tons in 2023. Increasing the number of MRT passengers who switch from private transportation will further reduce CO2 emissions. Conclusion and implications The simplified CDM ACM 0016 formula may be suitable for use in Indonesia. This would enable the measurement of CO2 emission reductions through mitigation actions through MRT development to be certified by the UNFCCC. Applying this method in calculating CO2 emission reductions, implementing strategies to increase MRT passengers, and using renewable energy electricity sources would increase CO2 emission reductions.

Accuracy and applicability of ship's fuel consumption prediction models: A comprehensive comparative analysis

The available extensive ship activity data enables employing a complex data-driven resistance-based power model to estimate ship's instantaneous power, and thus the ship's fuel consumption. The Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model emerges as a prominent example of such models. However, the performance of the Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model in ship's fuel consumption estimation is rarely verified by real fuel consumption data. Hence, this study aims to validate the accuracy of the Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model using real fuel consumption data and evaluates its applicability in terms of input features. Situations where the Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model shows large errors are identified to analyze its applicability. Furthermore, the Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model is compared with other popular fuel consumption prediction models, including the propeller law, the gradient-boosted regression tree model, and two grey box models. A systematical analysis is conducted to evaluate the applicability of various fuel consumption prediction models in different sailing scenarios, providing insights in selecting appropriate models for accurate ship's fuel consumption estimation. The findings contribute to optimizing the ship energy efficiency and facilitating the transition to alternative energy options, ultimately leading to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the maritime industry.

Dynamic Analysis of CO2 Emissions and Their Determinants in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe

This study addresses the problem of the relationship between the adopted development path and the emission levels of greenhouse gases. The analysis includes the countries of Central and Eastern Europe that joined the EU in 2004–2018. This study used a dynamic analysis due to the nature of the changes taking place, which cannot be assessed in static terms. The results of the research conducted so far for this group of countries have been inconclusive. The countries studied have the aim of accelerating economic growth in order to reduce their distance from other EU countries on the one hand, while attempting to pursue a policy favoring the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, on the other. The aim of this evaluation was to determine the relationship between GDPs per capita and CO2 emissions and to establish the factors determining this relationship. The results for the whole group showed the presence of N-shaped EKCs. This study showed the importance of energy productivity and demographic factors as well as the pace of GDP growth. This research extended the scope of research on CO2 emissions and their determinants through the use of dynamic methods, as well as the complex course of their relation to GDP per capita in Central Eastern European Countries.

Ethanol fuel in Brazil: policies and carbon emission avoidance

Since the launch of the first biofuel policy (Proalcool), in 1975, Brazil has developed a remarkable ethanol fuel industry which is now a major component of the country’s strategy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper we analyze how biofuel policies have affected the ethanol industry and how this industry has contributed to GHG emission reduction. Our study innovates by considering both Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Land Use Change (LUC) emissions and for covering the period from 1975 to 2022. We found that the use of ethanol fuel allowed significant emission savings for the transportation sector, causing GHG emission reductions of 39–46% compared with gasoline and a total avoided emission greater than 828 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. We identified that market drivers have been more decisive in fostering the ethanol industry, but biofuel policies also have a major influence on the development of the ethanol sector. Due to that, there are concerns about the environmental impact of the new biofuel policy (RenovaBio) as it ignores LUC emissions. To avoid adverse effects, we recommend that biofuel policies should consider all potential adverse impacts of LUC and should also involve strong actions aiming to halt deforestation.

Impacts of alternative fuel combustion in cement manufacturing: Life cycle greenhouse gas, biogenic carbon, and criteria air contaminant emissions

Waste products destined for landfills with high calorific value are increasingly being explored for potential use in a variety of industries. One example is the potential use of these wastes in cement kilns to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cement production. This study develops a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) model to estimate the GHG emissions, criteria air contaminants (CAC), and the impact of biogenic carbon accounting methods in biomass-containing alternative fuels (AFs) on life cycle GHG emissions when replacing natural gas with AFs at a cement facility. The proposed AF mixture includes landfill wastes like construction and demolition waste, asphalt shingles, tire fluff, carpet, textiles, and plastics. While many LCAs assume the biogenic fraction's climate impact is carbon-neutral, its actual effects depend on a range of new methods being proposed to account for the climate impacts associated with biogenic carbon. The findings of this study demonstrate a reduction of approximately 7–13% in life cycle GHG emissions. The preliminary estimates suggest that the change to CACs will likely not be materially different from the current use of natural gas. It also emphasizes the importance of accounting for the biogenic fraction in biomass-based AFs, indicating a potential overall reduction of up to 7.2% in life cycle GHG emissions when the biogenic fraction is treated as carbon-neutral. While factoring in the benefits of shorter rotation and longer storage periods results in a 12.7% reduction in life cycle GHG emissions. The LCA model developed in this study holds the potential for broad application among cement facilities that are considering fossil to alternative fuels as part of their GHG emission reduction strategies.

301 Leveraging genomics to advance the breeding of Canadian livestock

Abstract Implementing breeding strategies for a more sustainable food system is one of the most pressing topics for livestock industries. Although different species face different challenges, large-scale research projects can pave the way for future opportunities in these key sectors. Herein, we present two examples (dairy and poultry) of how research projects can result in meaningful changes to commercial breeding programs. The first example is an international large-scale dairy project, which will deliver a roadmap for greenhouse gas (GHG) management using genomics and nutrition. The project aims to facilitate a 55% reduction in GHG emissions from Canadian dairy at an estimated value of $338M CAD. This systems-level approach will leverage resources developed through previous and current large-scale projects to produce accurate multi-level emission estimates and identify opportunities to mitigate enteric GHG emissions. The results of this project will provide accurate, reliable, and robust data for industry stakeholders, national policy, and GHG inventories. The second example is a research collaboration with a commercial turkey breeding company that will enable breeding strategies for long-term and sustainable genetic improvement in health traits. This project aims to reduce preslaughter mortality by 5% and condemnations due to myopathies and health issues. This reduction alone is expected to result in 7.5M kg more turkey meat at a value of $19.8M CAD. Furthermore, there is also an expected reduction of 2.3M kg of CO2 equivalent per year for each 1% livability improvement due to production efficiencies and reduced inputs wasted for more sustainable and ethical meat production. Overall, ongoing and future research initiatives will continue to deliver solutions for key Canadian livestock sectors to improve animal health and welfare as well as efficiency and sustainability. The strides made in these ongoing collaborative projects are imperative for enhancing the sustainability of animal agriculture to feed the growing population.