Green Extraction Techniques Research Articles

Total quality index approach applied to Chaga extracts obtained by green extraction techniques

Total quality index approach applied to Chaga extracts obtained by green extraction techniques

Recent Progress on Green New Phase Extraction and Preparation of Polyphenols in Edible Oil.

With the proposal of replacing toxic solvents with non-toxic solvents in the concept of green chemistry, the development and utilization of new green extraction techniques have become a research hotspot. Phenolic compounds in edible oils have good antioxidant activity, but due to their low content and complex matrix, it is difficult to achieve a high extraction rate in a green and efficient way. This paper reviews the current research status of novel extraction materials in solid-phase extraction, including carbon nanotubes, graphene and metal-organic frameworks, as well as the application of green chemical materials in liquid-phase extraction, including deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids and supramolecular solvents. The aim is to provide a more specific reference for realizing the green and efficient extraction of polyphenolic compounds from edible oils, as well as another possibility for the future research trend of green extraction technology.

Emerging Trends in Green Extraction Techniques for Bioactive Natural Products

This review explores eco-friendly methods for extracting bioactive natural products from diverse sources. The introductory exploration emphasizes the increasing demand for sustainable extraction methods, with a focus on the environmental impact of conventional approaches. Addressing existing knowledge gaps, this review outlines the key objectives of evaluating various green extraction technologies, including supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and others. The primary findings underscore the remarkable potential and advancements achieved with green solvents, specifically deep eutectic solvents and bio-based solvents. This review elucidates the synergistic effects achieved by combining different extraction techniques, exemplified by ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction and sequential supercritical fluid and pressurized liquid extraction, among others. Notwithstanding the promising results, this review emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and addressing challenges such as standardization, selectivity, scalability, and economic viability.

Green Extraction of Valuable Compounds from Rubber Seed Trees: A Path to Sustainability

Valorizing natural resources through sustainable and eco-friendly processes is a cornerstone in pursuing a greener and more sustainable future. This study focuses on the green extraction of valuable compounds from rubber seed trees (Hevea brasiliensis). This underutilized resource has the potential to yield bioactive compounds of economic and ecological significance. We explore the application of environmentally friendly extraction techniques, including supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), to harness the bioactive potential of rubber seeds. Our research encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the extracted compounds, including their characterization and quantification using state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Environmental and economic sustainability aspects are evaluated, shedding light on the green extraction processes’ ecological footprint and economic feasibility. The paper also delves into these extracted compounds’ diverse applications and utilization prospects, ranging from pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals to cosmetic and industrial products. We discuss the commercial potential, market opportunities, and emerging trends these sustainable endeavours may shape. In conclusion, this study paves the way for a more sustainable path in harnessing valuable compounds from rubber seed trees, exemplifying the potential for green extraction techniques to play a pivotal role in the journey toward environmental stewardship and economic prosperity.

A Review on: Modern Vs Conventional Extraction Techniques

Phytochemicals have proved extremely beneficial to societies all throughout the world. Healthcare organizations have employed these metabolites as medications to treat a range of illnesses. Moreover, phytochemicals are employed as lead molecules in pharmaceutical synthesis. The foundation of research on natural products is the extraction of chemicals from plant materials. The search for more effective extraction techniques has been ongoing. Similarly, a number of exciting new green extraction techniques are beginning to take centre stage. These include enzyme-assisted extraction, accelerated solvent, supercritical fluid, ultrasound, and microwave techniques. The many extraction methods that are used to extract phytochemicals from various plant sections are described and discussed in this article. Among these extraction methods are the traditional solvent-based methods as well as the more resilient contemporary and environmentally friendly methods. The review examines the extraction circumstances critically. Keywords : Extraction, Conventional and modern techniques , Principle and Mechanism , soxhlet apparatus , solvent extraction.

Extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) sporophyll using two sequential green extraction techniques

This work aims to prepare the functional extracts from Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll using a consecutive green extraction methodology known as supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) along with subcritical water extraction (SWE). For the SC-CO2 extraction, a variable pressure from 20 to 30 MPa was applied at a constant temperature of 50 °C and compared with hexane extraction. The amount of fucoxanthin and beta-carotene was quantified from the extracted oils along with fatty acids. The yield of the fucoxanthin ranged from 12.38 ± 0.10 mg/g to 20.22 ± 0.14 mg/g and beta-carotene was 0.57 ± 0.01 mg/g to 0.99 mg/g of extracted oil. Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) considered as health-beneficial PUFAs were highly abundant in the U. pinnatifida sporophyll oils. A variable temperature range from 120 °C to 220 °C was used for SWE of de-oiled biomass. For comparison, hot water extraction, and ethanol extraction were used as controls. Physicochemical compositional parameters (total sugar, reducing sugar, protein, phenolic content, and flavonoid content), antioxidant activities, and antihypertensive and antibacterial activities of the hydrolysates were evaluated. The maximum content of total sugar, reducing sugar, total protein, phenolics, and flavonoids were 165.03 ± 0.40 mg glucose/g, 53.15 ± 0.50 mg glucose/g, 113.62 ± 0.66 mg BSA/g, 38.04 ± 0.18 mg PE/g, and 10.34 ± 0.24 mg PE/g, respectively, at SWE temperatures of 140 °C, 180 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C. Antihypertensive activity exhibited its highest value at 180 °C. The antioxidant activity of ABTS+, DPPH, and antimicrobial activity was highest at 200 °C. Bioactive compounds and the functional properties of the extracts using SC-CO2 and SWE from U. pinnatifida sporophyll were revealed for the first time in the study. The authors believe the findings of this research will bring new insight to the scientists for the industrial application of U. pinnatifida sporophyll.

Green Extraction Techniques of Phytochemicals from Hedera helix L. and In Vitro Characterization of the Extracts.

Hedera helix L. contains phytochemicals with good biological properties which are beneficial to human health and can be used to protect plants against different diseases. The aim of this research was to find the most suitable extraction method and the most favorable parameters for the extraction of different bioactive compounds from ivy leaves. Different extraction methods, namely microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and conventional heating extraction (CHE), were used. The most suitable method for the extraction of saponins is MAE with an extraction efficiency of 58%, while for carbohydrates and polyphenols, the best results were achieved via UAE with an extraction efficiency of 61.7% and 63.5%, respectively. The antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts was also determined. The highest AA was obtained via UAE (368.98 ± 9.01 µmol TR/gDM). Better results were achieved at 50 °C for 10 min of extraction, using 80% ethanol in water as solvent. In order to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity, the extracts richest in bioactive compounds were tested on NCTC fibroblasts. Their influence on the DNA content of RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was also tested. Until 200 µg/mL, the extracts obtained via UAE and MAE were cytocompatible with NCTC fibroblasts at 48 h of treatment. Summarizing the above, both MAE and UAE can be employed as green and efficient methods for producing extracts rich in bioactive compounds, exhibiting strong antioxidant properties and good noncytotoxic activity.

Polyphenol-Enriched Pectin from Pomegranate Peel: Multi-Objective Optimization of the Eco-Friendly Extraction Process.

A multi-objective optimization was performed using response surface methodology to obtain a high-value-added product, pectin enriched in polyphenols, from pomegranate peel. For this purpose, a green extraction technique that combines citric acid and ultrasound was carried out considering three variables: time, pH, and temperature. The extraction procedure was optimized using the Box-Behnken design, these being the most suitable conditions, with an extraction time of 34.16 min, a pH of 2.2, and a temperature of 89.87 °C. At this point, the pectin yield was 31.89%, with a total retained polyphenol content of 15.84 mg GAE/g pectin. In addition, the water activity, ash content, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, and degree of esterification were determined for the pectin obtained at the optimal point. This study demonstrates that polyphenol-enriched pectin can be obtained from pomegranate peel via an eco-friendly and efficient method, and that it presents similar properties to commercial pectin, preserving its quality and with potential use as an ingredient or food supplement with a high nutritional value. This work contributes to developing sustainable strategies to valorize pomegranate agro-industrial waste and produce high-value functional ingredients.

Subcritical Water Extraction to Valorize Grape Biomass-A Step Closer to Circular Economy.

With the increase in the world population, the overexploitation of the planet's natural resources is becoming a worldwide concern. Changes in the way humankind thinks about production and consumption must be undertaken to protect our planet and our way of living. For this change to occur, sustainable development together with a circular economic approach and responsible consumption are key points. Agriculture activities are responsible for more than 10% of the greenhouse gas emissions; moreover, by 2050, it is expected that food production will increase by 60%. The valorization of food waste is therefore of high importance to decrease the environmental footprint of agricultural activities. Fruits and vegetables are wildly consumed worldwide, and grapes are one of the main producers of greenhouse gases. Grape biomass is rich in bioactive compounds that can be used for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, and their extraction from this food residue has been the target of several studies. Among the extraction techniques used for the recovery of bioactive compounds from food waste, subcritical water extraction (SWE) has been the least explored. SWE has several advantages over other extraction techniques such as microwave and ultrasound extraction, allowing high yields with the use of only water as the solvent. Therefore, it can be considered a green extraction method following two of the principles of green chemistry: the use of less hazardous synthesis (principle number 3) and the use of safer solvents and auxiliaries (principle number 5). In addition, two of the green extraction principles for natural products are also followed: the use of alternative solvents or water (principle number 2) and the use of a reduced, robust, controlled and safe unit operation (principle number 5). This review is an overview of the extraction process using the SWE of grape biomass in a perspective of the circular economy through valorization of the bioactive compounds extracted. Future perspectives applied to the SWE are also discussed, as well as its ability to be a green extraction technique.

Advances in Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Manufacturing: Green Extraction Techniques from Natural Sources

Ascorbic acid (AA), or vitamin C, is one of the most important vitamins consumed through the diet due to its critical role in many biological processes. Although the human body cannot synthesize it, AA is essential in maintaining healthy bodily structure, acting as a cofactor of many enzymes involved in collagen synthesis and an efficient immune system. At the same time, AA is used in the cosmetic field for its antioxidant and antipigmentary properties, in the food industry as additive, and in chemical synthesis as reducing agent. AA can be chemically synthesized, produced by the oxidative fermentation of bacteria, or extracted from natural sources. This review addresses the most recent developments in its manufacture, including techniques for extracting vitamin C from plants, fruits, vegetables, algae, and leaves, and focusing on the most commonly used green methods, i.e., ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. These methods are based on mild extraction conditions, environmentally friendly solvents, low time, cost, and energy consumption. In contrast, their extraction yields are comparable to or even higher than those of conventional methods.

High- and low-pressure fixed bed extraction behaviors to obtain phenolic compounds from barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) bark

Stryphnodendron adstringens, also known as barbatimão, is a native tree from the Brazilian Cerrado recognized for being rich in bioactive compounds and traditionally used as an antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial agent. The main phenolic compounds in barbatimão are tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The diversity of compounds present in this medicinal plant provides a range of applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, among others. This work aimed to obtain extracts from barbatimão bark by applying extraction techniques such as fixed bed percolation (PE), ultrasound-assisted percolation (UAP), percolation in cycles (PC) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The extracts were evaluated in terms of global yield (X0), total phenolic content (TPC), tannin content (TTC), flavonoid content (TFC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Regarding the PE, the best performance condition in TPC was 50% ethanol at 55 °C in 90 min of extraction (485 ± 10 mg TAE/g of dry raw material), obtaining a X0 equal to 51 ± 5%. In terms of TPC, ultrasound didn't show significant improvement (348 ± 36 mg TAE/g of dry raw material), while PC extracted more than four times the TPC (2057 ± 72 mg TAE/g of dry raw material). PLE was statistically equivalent to PE in terms of TPC (472 ± 15 mg TAE/g of dry raw material). The results presented in this work revealed PC and PLE as accessible, cheap, and green extraction techniques able to recover high phenolic content from barbatimão bark.

Ultrasound-assisted and subcritical water extraction techniques for maximal recovery of phenolic compounds from raw ginger herbal dust toward in vitro biological activity investigation

This study examined the impact of two green extraction techniques in order to maximize the usage and recovery of phenolic compounds from the by-product of the filter tea industry, the so-called ginger herbal dust. The main phenolic compounds extraction was performed by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with the sonication amplitude ranging from 20% to 100%, and the subcritical water extraction (SWE), with the temperature ranging from 120 °C to 220 °C. All obtained extracts were characterized in terms of extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and 6-ginerol, 6-shogaol, and 8-ginerol contents using RP-HPLC-DAD. Based on the results, we selected the extract obtained from raw ginger herbal dust using a sonication amplitude of 100% for further biological investigation of the cytotoxic effect on short- and long-term cell viability on liver and pancreatic cancer cells. This extract contained high TPC concentration, and 6-gingerol (44.57 mg/gDE), 8-gingerol (8.62 mg/gDE), and 6-shogaol (6.92 mg/gDE).

Synergistic combination of natural deep eutectic solvents and green extraction techniques for the valorization of date palm leaves: Optimization of the solvent-biomass interaction

This study was designed to explore date palm leaves as natural polyphenolics potential source using appropriate green Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) and emerging green extraction technologies. Among the studied NADES, Glycerol-based NADES showed higher phenolics yield compared to saccharide and organic acid-based NADES. Experimental conditions for microwave (MAE)-NADES and ultrasonication (UAE)-NADES couplings were optimized using a 23-factorial design. Interestingly, it was found the UAE-NADES was not effective enough to enhance phenolics recovery, while MAE-NADES was significantly effective. Furthermore, MAE-NADES-based extracts portrayed higher bioactive properties compared to UAE-NADES-based extracts. Accordingly, MAE-NADES extraction parameters were further optimized using a Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). RSM predicted that MAE-NADES extraction can be maximized at a NADES concentration of 49 %, and power of 800 W for 0.84 min. The current study concludes that the application of MAE-NADES green extraction technology can be an effective approach for bioactive compounds recovery from date palm leaves.Industrial relevance:There are more than 120 million date palm trees in the world producing around 20–35 kg of leaves per palm tree annually. This is a huge burden on the environment and if explored as a potential source of polyphenols and other components may turn out to be a viable economic source for desert regions. During the last few decades, a special focus has been raised on ensuring that the extraction process is monitored in an economical and eco-friendly manner without downgrading the biological functionality of the resulting extracts. Recently, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) have been applied for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds. Moreover, the utilization of green extraction techniques, such as ultrasonication and microwave, have been extensively investigated for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant-based matrices with promising future prospectus, in terms of the reduction in extraction time and higher recovery yields.

Pressurized liquid extraction of bioactive extracts with antioxidant and antibacterial activity from green, red and brown Algerian algae

In this work, the protein, sugar, phenolic and phlorotannin contents, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of hydroethanolic extracts of six algae species from the west cost of Algeria (Padina pavonica, Halopteris scoparia, Cystoseira mediterranea, Ulva lactuca, Ulva intestinalis, and Ceramium virgatum), obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were investigated. Ceramium virgatum PLE extracts showed the highest content of protein (4.36 ± 0.13 %), while the total sugar content was maximum in U. lactuca extract (23.89 ± 0.21 %). Likewise, P. pavonica PLE extract presented a relevant total phenolic content (49.82 ± 1.40 mg GAE/g extract). On the other hand, phlorotannins were only found in brown algae in a range of 1.84–2.93 mg PGE/g. Furthermore, P. Pavonica extract presented considerably higher antioxidant capacity of inhibiting ABTS radical (1.16 ± 0.023 mmol TE/g) and 50 % of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) (IC50 = 57.03 ± 1.28 μg/mL) in comparison with the other studied algae. Regarding to the potential antimicrobial activity, the results showed that Cystoseira Mediterranea produced the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration on Salmonella typhi (0.83 ± 0.14 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (4.66 ± 0.57 mg/mL), Vibrio cholera (1.08 ± 0.14 mg/mL), and Candida albicans (2.16 ± 0.28 mg/mL). Besides, different carotenoids and phenolic compounds were tentatively identified by LC-DAD in the algae extracts which could be the responsible of the tested bioactivities. These findings show the potential of using PLE as green solvent extraction technique and the prolific bioactivities of Algerian seaweeds.

KAYISI ÇEKİRDEĞİNİN YAĞ VERİMİ VE FİZİKOKİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNDE GELENEKSEL VE YEŞİL EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI İNCELENMESİ

Apricot kernel is a byproduct of fruit processing that is used for nuts but has a high economic value due to its high oil content. The aim of this research was to compare the green extraction techniques microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with the traditional Soxhlet extraction method (SXHE). Time (min), amplitude (%), and temperature (°C) in the UAE method, power (W) and, time (min) in the MAE method, and time (min) in the SXHE method were used as oil extraction process parameters. The time required to achieve the oil yield similar to SXHE (43.65%) is 79% and 83% less in UAE and MAE methods, respectively. Extraction methods are ranked as UAE>MAE>SXHE when they are compared in terms of low free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and Delta-K, high antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC), fatty acid composition, and accelerated shelf-life test (up to 20 days). However, after the 20th day of the shelf-life test, this ranking changes as UAE>SXHE>MAE. The UAE method had better results than MAE and SXHE methods due to same oil yield and higher functional oil content, especially at low extraction temperatures, and should be recommended for oil extraction from different kernels in the food industry.

Process optimization and characterization of nanocellulose from chestnut shell

Nanocellulose, a unique and promising natural substance extracted from cellulose-based materials, has gained tremendous attention for its use in various applications. Latest studies hypothesized that green extraction techniques reveal high-yield cellulose nanoparticles with lower environmental hazard and also highlighted that selectivity and characteristics of final products are highly dependent upon process parameters. This study aimed to produce nanocellulose powders from the chestnut shell –an agroindustrial waste without pertinent reuse– by acid hydrolysis (conventional), microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis, hydrotropic solvent, and deep eutectic solvent extraction techniques. The effectiveness of process parameters was investigated, and optimum conditions were determined by targeting the highest yields for each method. Additionally, the physico-chemical and microstructural properties of nanocellulose powders produced by each method were analyzed to investigate the product characteristics. The highest yield was obtained by deep eutectic solvent extraction (99.2%) followed by hydrotropic solvent (89.6%), conventional (64.5%), and microwave-assisted (34.1%) extractions. The methods bearing strong acid solvents resulted in a higher crystallinity index (up to 81%). The highest viscosity and absolute zeta potential values were obtained in deep eutectic solvent extraction as 843.6 cp and −23.7 mV, respectively. For all nanocellulose suspensions, the storage modulus (G′) was greater than the loss modulus (G″), indicating a more gel-like behavior. Nanocellulose powders produced by different methods had characteristic Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum. The results of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evidenced that nanofibrils could be produced via hydrotropic and deep eutectic solvent extraction systems while acid hydrolysis, i.e., conventional and microwave-assisted extraction generate nanocrystals. Obtained results indicated that green solvent systems could be utilized in the production of nanocellulose with many advantages, including efficiency, sustainability, reduced environmental harm, and low cost.

Advances in Extraction, Purification, and Analysis Techniques of the Main Components of Kudzu Root: A Comprehensive Review.

Kudzu root (Pueraria lobate (Willd.) Ohwi, KR) is an edible plant with rich nutritional and medicinal values. Over the past few decades, an ample variety of biological effects of Pueraria isoflavone have been evaluated. Evidence has shown that Pueraria isoflavone can play an active role in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular protection. Over 50 isoflavones in kudzu root have been identified, including puerarin, daidzein, daidzin, 3'-hydroxy puerarin, and genistein, each with unambiguous structures. However, the application of these isoflavones in the development of functional food and health food still depends on the extraction, purification and identification technology of Pueraria isoflavone. In recent years, many green and novel extraction, purification, and identification techniques have been developed for the preparation of Pueraria isoflavone. This review provides an updated overview of these techniques, specifically for isoflavones in KR since 2018, and also discusses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques in depth. The intention is to provide a research basis for the green and efficient extraction, purification, and identification of Pueraria isoflavone and offers investigators a valuable reference for future studies on the KR.

Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Preparation and Antibacterial Properties.

This comprehensive review illuminates the various methods of chitosan extraction, its antibacterial properties, and its multifarious applications in diverse sectors. We delve into chemical, physical, biological, hybrid, and green extraction techniques, each of which presents unique advantages and disadvantages. The choice of method is dictated by multiple variables, including the desired properties of chitosan, resource availability, cost, and environmental footprint. We explore the intricate relationship between chitosan's antibacterial activity and its properties, such as cationic density, molecular weight, water solubility, and pH. Furthermore, we spotlight the burgeoning applications of chitosan-based materials like films, nanoparticles, nonwoven materials, and hydrogels across the food, biomedical, and agricultural sectors. The review concludes by highlighting the promising future of chitosan, underpinned by technological advancements and growing sustainability consciousness. However, the critical challenges of optimizing chitosan's production for sustainability and efficiency remain to be tackled.

Sequential extraction approach for sustainable recovery of various hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) bioactive compounds

Cannabis sativa L. known as industrial hemp manifests high capability in the manufacturing of valuable nutraceuticals with health benefits. This study was focused on investigation of chemical profile and bioactive potential of extracts isolated from three hemp varieties (Helena, Marina and Fedora 17). In addition, great attention was directed towards the use of green extraction techniques and maximum utilization of raw material. In that regard conventional (hydrodistillation – HD) and novel extraction techniques (microwave-assisted hydrodistillation – MWHD, supercritical fluid extraction – SFE and microwave-assisted extraction – MAE) were applied for isolating various fractions (essential oil, lipid extracts and liquid extract) with promising bioactive potential. Essential oils and lipid extracts were characterized regarding yield, terpenoid profile determined by GC-MS and in vitro antioxidant activity towards DPPH and ABTS + radicals. Furthermore, the content of two major cannabinoids was determined in plant material and in extract obtained by SFE. Sequential SFE technique allows obtaining lipid extracts in the first step of process as well as raffinates after SFE in the second step. MAE was applied for isolation of polyphenolic fraction from raw materials and SFE raffinates. Polyphenolic content was determined by spectrophotometric assays and UHPLC-Triple-quadrupole-MS. The results suggested that hemp is an excellent source of valuable terpenoid, cannabinoid and polyphenolic antioxidant agents, and further research should be focused on their utilization in dietary supplements and functional foods.

Green Extraction Techniques of Bioactive Compounds: A State-of-the-Art Review

Green extraction techniques are more and more relevant due to major sustainable goals set by the United Nations. Greener extraction processes are being designed through the use of unconventional extraction techniques and green solvents, resulting in less hazardous processes which, consequently, reduces environmental impacts. This is also in line with the main principles of green chemistry. Additionally, greener extraction techniques intend to solve different drawbacks that are often related to conventional extraction techniques such as the high environmental impact. Biorefineries are a major player in developing greener extraction processes. These facilities take full advantage of several biomass sources, such as food waste, microalgae, and lignocellulosic biomass, in order to create high-value products, energy, alternative fuels, and bioactive compounds. Herein, a state-of-the-art review is presented, focused on presenting the greenest and least hazardous extraction processes that have been reported on the main biomass sources of a biorefinery—food waste, microalgae, and lignocellulosic biomass. Bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, bioactive pigments, and fatty acids are important in several sectors, mainly, the health, pharmaceutical, and agro-food sectors. Moreover, the bioactive compounds obtained through the aforementioned biomass sources and the different extraction procedures used will be presented and the authors will attempt to discuss, compare, and provide information about the most effective extraction techniques for each compound. Therewith, this review article should serve as a guide for industries, academics, and biorefineries in the future development of optimized and greener extraction procedures. Such analysis is lacking and could be very helpful for future research biorefinery projects since it tackles all of the major biomass sources of a biorefinery in a review article. To the best of our knowledge, this brings a novelty to the scientific community.