Green Box Research Articles

Energy consumption and total factor productivity growth in Iranian agriculture

Abstract In this study we investigated the relation between energy consumption and growth of total factor productivity (TFP) of agriculture in Iran from 1974 to 2012 using Solow residual method. The results from estimated aggregate Cobb–Douglas production function showed that one percent change in the value of labor, capital and energy will lead to 4.07, 0.09 and 0.49 percent change in agriculture value added, respectively. Also in a long term, based on the Johansen cointegration test, there is a negative relation between TFP growth and energy consumption in Iranian agriculture which might be due to cheap and inefficient energy use in this sector. Gradual liberalization of energy price and use of so called green box support policies is recommended.

Pharmacological eEF 2K activation promotes cell death and inhibits cancer progression

Activation of the elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) leads to the phosphorylation and inhibition of the elongation factor eEF2, reducing mRNA translation rates. Emerging evidence indicates that the regulation of factors involved in protein synthesis may be critical for controlling diverse biological processes including cancer progression. Here we show that inhibitors of the HIV aspartyl protease (HIV-PIs), nelfinavir in particular, trigger a robust activation of eEF2K leading to the phosphorylation of eEF2. Beyond its anti-viral effects, nelfinavir has antitumoral activity and promotes cell death. We show that nelfinavir-resistant cells specifically evade eEF2 inhibition. Decreased cell viability induced by nelfinavir is impaired in cells lacking eEF2K. Moreover, nelfinavir-mediated anti-tumoral activity is severely compromised in eEF2K-deficient engrafted tumors in vivo Our findings imply that exacerbated activation of eEF2K is detrimental for tumor survival and describe a mechanism explaining the anti-tumoral properties of HIV-PIs.

Which smartphone's apps may contribute to road safety? An AHP model to evaluate experts' opinions

Smartphone usage while driving is a worldwide phenomenon which is acknowledged as a major concern for road safety. While being a major cause of risk, smartphones apps may also serve as a means to control and reduce risky driving behavior. However, it is still unclear which apps should be favored and what features and functions compose such valuable apps. The purpose of this paper is to establish a blueprint for smartphone apps that will have the greatest potential to reduce injury crashes. The study is based on apps mapping and experts' opinions retrieved through an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Thirty seven experts participated in the study and evaluated and graded nine widespread types of apps according to various criteria. When weighing safety considerations versus acceptance concerns, they were found to be almost equally important. The results clearly define the desirable types of smartphone apps: collision warning, texting prevention (both no-typing and no-reading), voice control (both text-to-speech and commands), and Green Box (In Vehicle Data Recorder – IVDR). However, while texting prevention and IVDR are not likely to be widely accepted and used, collision warning and voice control apps are expected to gain public support.

Curatorial ‘Translations’: The Case of Marcel Duchamp’s Green Box

Abstract In curatorial studies, translation is a trope that is beginning to define a mode of praxis, through which the mediating role of the curator has developed into a methodology that entails principles of categorization, montage, displacement and assembly. The artist Marcel Duchamp is famous for the popularization of such techniques in the modern and contemporary art context. Furthermore, the theme of translation informs interpretations of his art in differing and unexpected ways, as well as influencing its reception by English-speaking audiences. This article negotiates the tension between artist and curator and explores the concept of curatorial translation in three exhibitions of Duchamp’s work. The Green Box (1934) – and its contentious presentation as a verbal exposition of the seminal piece, the Large Glass (1915–23) – is the key work through which this concept of translation will be examined.

OMIP-032: Two multi-color immunophenotyping panels for assessing the innate and adaptive immune cells in the mouse mammary gland.

OMIP-032: Two multi-color immunophenotyping panels for assessing the innate and adaptive immune cells in the mouse mammary gland.

The US crop insurance program and WTO disciplines

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the US crop insurance programs in the context of domestic support disciplines under the World Trade Organization (WTO). Crop insurance has become an integral part of many domestic support programs, not just in developed countries, but in important emerging markets as well. An often-cited impetus for the growth in insurance program is the potential treatment of such programs as exempt from WTO reduction commitments. Design/methodology/approach – A detailed examination of the so-called “green box provisions” of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture is presented with particular emphasis on eligibility criteria for crop yield and revenue insurance programs. Findings – While WTO rules potentially shield green box policies from reduction, few developed countries have notified agricultural insurance policies under Annex 2. Moreover, crop insurance programs have been challenged in recent WTO dispute settlement cases and domestic countervailing duty investigations. Originality/value – The paper presents a unique perspective on a program which has become the largest single farm program in the USA.

Paying for Environmental Results is WTO Compliant

SummaryResults‐based payments can be compatible with WTO and CAP rules. They could accordingly replace some of the present agri‐environmental payment schemes based on complying with conditions about management practices. Value‐based payments are permitted by the WTO but not by the CAP, at least not if the payments exceed the additional costs of producing the environmental service, including income foregone. If the payment exceeds the extra cost or loss of income the scheme is not exempt on WTO green box grounds but the sum of such schemes is likely to fit below the EU ceiling on non‐exempt support. The EU has large margins below its amber box ceiling. Value‐based payments can be differentiated according to the quantity or quality of delivered environmental services: the higher the environmental value, the higher the payment. The present agri‐environmental payments of the CAP are cost based and the EU classifies them as meeting the WTO green box of minimally trade and production distorting support. They are therefore not subject to the EU's WTO ceiling on non‐exempt support. The reason to convert to results‐based or value‐based payments is that they are potentially significantly more efficient than the existing management‐based and cost‐based payments.

Smart box-enabled product–service system for cloud logistics

Modern logistics takes significant progress and rapid developments with the prosperity of E-commerce, particularly in China. Typical challenges that logistics industry is facing now are composed by a lack of sharing, standard, cost-effective and environmental package and efficient optimisation method for logistics tasks distribution. As a result, it is difficult to implement green, sustainable logistics services. Three important technologies, Physical Internet (PI), product–service system (PSS) and cloud computing (CC), are adopted and developed to address the above issues. PI is extended to design a world-standard green recyclable smart box that is used to encapsulate goods. Smart box-enabled PSS is constructed to provide an innovative sustainable green logistics service, and high-quality packaging, as well as reduce logistics cost and environmental pollution. A real-time information-driven logistics tasks optimisation method is constructed by designing a cloud logistics platform based on CC. On this platform, a hierarchical tree-structure network for customer orders (COs) is built up to achieve the order-box matching of function. Then, a distance clustering analysis algorithm is presented to group and form the optimal clustering results for all COs, and a real-time information-driven optimisation method for logistics orders is proposed to minimise the unused volume of containers. Finally, a case study is simulated to demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of proposed cloud logistics optimisation method.

Research on Green Express Packaging Design under the Electronic Commerce

With the rapid development of e-commerce and continued expansion of online shopping in our country, the express business has been rapid growth. At the same time, Express Packaging will be proposed to be green, recycling and other new requirements. Based on this, this paper designs the Express Packaging in the electronic commerce environment. By analyzing the characteristics of the Express Packaging under the ecommerce environment in China, the paper designs a green logistics box and the corresponding logistics direct recycling mode to solve problems like excessive packaging, difficult to recycle, the low degree of standardization of packaging, and serious environmental pollution problems that exist in the courier package. By introducing material, construction specifications, interior decoration, specifications filler of the green logistics box and combining with direct recycling, the green logistics box can be made to best meet the needs. Through the design and research of the green express packing, we can achieve the goals including the implementation of the green packaging, reducing environmental pollution, developing a recycling economy and enhancing the overall level of express packaging e-commerce environment.

The Impact of Trade Agreements on Innovation: Implications for Canadian Trade Policy

New trade rules being implemented as part of the on-going wave of major bilateral/regional trade agreements are impacting the complex and evolving innovation ecosystem in non-neutral ways, favouring some innovation modes (such as patent-oriented research and development), but generating stumbling blocks for others (including open-source and co-creation, as well as follow-on innovations). This note considers the implications for Canadian policy in light of the tight nexus that trade theory and empirics draw between trade, innovation and productivity. Canada’s performance on all three fronts – trade, innovation, and productivity – has been decidedly poor for a prolonged period and this is not likely a coincidence. We recommend that implementation of Canada’s recently concluded trade agreements be especially sensitive to impacts on innovation; that Canada seek to preserve space for innovation policy in its future trade agreements; that Canada refrain from using trade agreements to challenge other countries’ measures to promote innovation, since it might eventually wish to imitate them; that Canada promote trade liberalization in services in terms of movement of persons (mode 4) ― including by moving unilaterally to offer Innovation Visas to facilitate the international movement of knowledge workers; and that Canada also take a leading role in developing a new policy synthesis internationally as regards the trade-innovation nexus. We suggest this new policy synthesis explore such issues as (i) the adoption in regional trade agreements of rules of origin (ROOs) that are less restrictive for smaller-valued shipments in order to induce more small and medium-sized enterprises to start exporting their products and importing intermediate inputs to drive innovation; (ii) a plurilateral Digital Economy Trade Agreement to address impediments to digital/electronic international trade; and (iii) supporting the restoration of an Innovation Green Box under the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

Rotational method simplifies 3-dimensional measurement of left atrial appendage dimensions during transesophageal echocardiography.

BackgroundNot all echo laboratories have the capability of measuring direct online 3D images, but do have the capability of turning 3D images into 2D ones “online” for bedside measurements. Thus, we hypothesized that a simple and rapid rotation of the sagittal view (green box, x-plane) that shows all needed left atrial appendage (LAA) number of lobes, orifice area, maximal and minimal diameters and depth parameters on the 3D transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) image and LAA measurements after turning the images into 2D (Rotational 3DTEE/“Yosefy Rotation”) is as accurate as the direct measurement on real-time-3D image (RT3DTEE).MethodsWe prospectively studied 41 consecutive patients who underwent a routine TEE exam, using QLAB 10 Application on EPIQ7 and IE33 3D-Echo machine (BORTHEL Phillips) between 01/2013 and 12/2015. All patients underwent 64-slice CT before pulmonary vein isolation or for workup of pulmonary embolism. LAA measurements were compared between RT3DTEE and Rotational 3DTEE versus CT. ResultsRotational 3DTEE measurements of LAA were not statistically different from RT3DTEE and from CT regarding: number of lobes (1.6 ± 0.7, 1.6 ± 0.6, and 1.4 ± 0.6, respectively, p = NS for all); internal area of orifice (3.1 ± 0.6, 3.0 ± 0.7, and 3.3 ± 1.5 cm2, respectively, p = NS for all); maximal LAA diameter (24.8 ± 4.5, 24.6 ± 5.0, and 24.9 ± 5.8 mm, respectively, p = NS for all); minimal LAA diameter (16.4 ± 3.4, 16.7 ± 3.3, and 17.0 ± 4.4 mm, respectively, p = NS for all), and LAA depth (20.0 ± 2.1, 19.8 ± 2.2, and 21.7 ± 6.9 mm, respectively, p = NS for all).ConclusionRotational 3DTEE method for assessing LAA is a simple, rapid and feasible method that has accuracy similar to that of RT3DTEE and CT. Thus, rotational 3DTEE (“Yosefy rotation”) may facilitate LAA closure procedure by choosing the appropriate device size.

“Green box” and Innovative Development of the Regional Agricultural Sector

“Green box” and Innovative Development of the Regional Agricultural Sector

Potential of Group Incentive Schemes to Encourage Use of Driving Safety Apps

Encouraging young drivers to use driving feedback systems (referred to here as “green boxes”) is a challenge. Prior research and experience have indicated that adoption of green boxes has been minimal, primarily because of insufficient motivation. Research has also demonstrated that providing feedback from green boxes to young drivers or their parents has reduced the frequency of risky behavior. This study investigated the possible benefits of providing group incentives to encourage the use of green boxes among young drivers. The specific green box used in this study was a smartphone app that needed to be initiated at the beginning of each trip. Once initiated, the app monitored driving behavior in terms of g-force events, provided a score and feedback, and shared the driving information with a predefined sponsor. This study built and expanded on a previous study by making the duration of the experiment longer and by allowing participants to recruit their friends to help the group win its rewards. Despite the more demanding scheme, the results obtained repeated the success of the previous study: all eligible participants downloaded the app and used it to win the rewards for the group. Additionally, friends were recruited by participants to use the app to help the group win rewards (without acquiring any personal rewards for themselves). Once all prespecified rewards were achieved within the allotted period, the young drivers stopped using the app. This study confirms again that barriers to adoption of the green box app by young drivers can be overcome by choosing low-cost, suitable group incentive schemes.

Multifactorial vector of regional agriculture development

The article reveals the agriculture development potential of the Volgograd region enabling to move to the stable type of reproduction as well as its factors: the natural conditions, location, technological types of production, agrarian structure, horizontal and vertical integration, state support. Methodological approach of the differentiation of green box subsidies is approved, the mechanism of its realization is proposed. The evidence base is substantiated by the long-term research of the soil intensification and soil quality factors influencing the soil productivity in the region. Within the boundaries of the existing natural areas, the following zones of territorial and economic development are allocated: the zones of competitive and efficient grain production; the zone of commercial sunflower production; the zones of territory and priority development. The criterion signs of their development are formulated. Alongside with the natural factor, the following factors were accepted as a criterion: the level of production adaptability and development of rural areas, displacement of population, customary lifestyle, arrangement of production infrastructure, resources, the structure of the agrarian economy. The evolutionary entrance of small agribusiness into the innovative economy have been reasoned as well as the creating on this basis of a special sector of agrarian economy — organic agriculture, which is reasonable to develop in the field of dairy cattlebreeding and vegetable-growing. A strategic analysis of the technological types of production existing in the regional agriculture in the context of organizational units and activities is presented. These are: industrial with innovative elements, extensive and intensive with innovative elements, extensive and intensive, extensive. They provide modernization as a factor of evolutionary formation of the innovative economy in the agrarian sector. Considering the global tendencies, the priorities of increasing the availability of agricultural mass producer in the market realized within a cluster, agricultural holding, cooperative are grounded.

Correction

Correction

Warhol’s Time Capsule 51

Warhol’s Time Capsule 51 Matt Wrbican (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. The contents of Andy Warhol’s Time Capsule 51 (1863–1968; bulk, 1953–60). The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. [End Page 686] Andy Warhol’s Time Capsules (TCs) (figure 1) are a vast creative project of 610 containers, each holding an average of several hundred objects, which were assembled by the artist to document his life and times simply by saving things that interested him.1 Indeed, they surely must be the most pure expression of his definition of pop art as “liking things.”2 One of the TCs was opened and discussed at a meeting of the tripartite founders of the Warhol Museum, held in New York in October 1992, during which Warhol’s longtime business manager Fred Hughes clearly stated, “He [Warhol] thought of them as sculpture.”3 This characterization has been variously confirmed and rejected by other former Warhol assistants. Although they are held in our Archives collection, the Warhol Museum considers them to be a work of art, with conceptual connections to works that Warhol was very familiar with: the 1960s’ Poubelles of his contemporary Arman and the boxed notes of Marcel Duchamp (The Green Box of 1934 and A l’Infinitif of 1967). More recently, works by younger artists share a similar idea, notably Song Dong’s Waste Not (2005).4 Warhol began this obsessive work in 1974 in preparation for moving his studio one block north in Lower Manhattan from 33 Union Square West to 860 Broadway, but many of the bits and pieces in the boxes and filing cabinets (and in one large trunk holding more than three thousand items) date to earlier decades in his life.5 For example, one TC treasure that was vitally important to Warhol is his autographed photograph of Shirley Temple, which he received in the mail at his childhood Pittsburgh home in 1941, when both the sender and recipient were about twelve years of age.6 With only fifty-four items, seemingly a lightweight in the TC series, TC 51 cuts a wide swath—from Warhol’s college days to many stages in his commercial art career and through his pop-art years. It even reaches back beyond Warhol’s time to include objects from the middle and late [End Page 687] nineteenth century. While Warhol is most commonly identified in his role as a painter, only one publication title among those discussed here relates immediately to that identity (ARTnews 52, no. 2 [1953], TC51.10). Early Life TC 51 includes a few bits of evidence related to Warhol’s years as an art student, at the end of the first twenty years of his life, before he left his family in Pittsburgh for a new life in New York City. During his college education at Carnegie Tech (1945–49),7 Warhol was required to take an English course called “Thought and Expression” taught by novelist Gladys Schmitt, founder of the school’s program in creative writing.8 The story of how Andy failed to earn a passing grade in the class (even with the extraordinary assistance of two female classmates) has been described in both Victor Bockris’s biography9 and in an essay by Warhol’s classmate, art historian Bennard Perlman.10 A signed copy of Schmitt’s third published book, Alexandra (New York: Dial Press, 1947, TC51.49), is in this TC. Oddly, her handwritten signature on the book’s first page is positioned almost exactly where her signature is embossed on the cover’s water-stained brown boards, creating a curious repetition of the autographic image as the book is opened.11 As it bears the same year of publication as Schmitt’s novel, another book in this TC is probably related to Warhol’s introduction to literature. The copy of a popular Simon & Schuster collection of short stories does not seem to have any significant markings among its 800+ pages, but there is a dab of white paint on its dark red cover (A Treasury of Short Stories; Favorites of the Past Hundred...

An economic case for drainage for sustainable irrigation: Case studies in the lower Vaal and Riet catchments

Where evaporation exceeds precipitation salinisation is inevitable. This paper presents a multidisciplinary framework of the dynamic interactions between the hydrology, bio-physical and economics of irrigated agriculture in a semi arid area. Status quo drainage and cropping situations are compared to a scenario of increased drainage and leaching and subsequent higher value crops. Stochastically generated hydrology data fitted to a salinisation:yield production function is inputted in a crop enterprise budget (CEB) simulation model.Results show losses due to salinisation of up to R6 962/ha, which exceed the direct costs of installing drainage to control salinisation. Although feasible, farmers at this stage of degradation often do not have the financial ability to repay the loans. Where losses do not exceed the financial costs of drainage, soils are further degrading, higher value crops cannot be planted and potential benefits are lost to society, motivating a green box grant. A macro-economic analysis reveals that the potential benefits to society of drainage can repay the total cost of all necessary drainage in a short period of time.

Corrections

HomeCirculationVol. 129, No. 16Corrections Free AccessCorrectionPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessCorrectionPDF/EPUBCorrections Originally published22 Apr 2014https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000032Circulation. 2014;129:e463This article corrects the following2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart DiseaseIn the article by Fihn et al, “2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons,” which published online November 19, 2012, and appeared in the December 18/25, 2012, issue of the journal (Circulation. 2012;126:e354–e471), several corrections were needed.On page e366, in Figure 3, the green diamond-shaped box associated with the “LBBB on ECG” box read, “MPI or Echo w/ exercise.” It has been changed to read, “Exercise Echo or Pharm Stress MPI/Echo.” The correct figure has been updated in the online article.On page e384, in Table 12, Row 14, Column 1 “Test,” the sentence read, “Pharmacological stress with nuclear MPI or Echo.” It has been changed to read, “Exercise Echo or pharmacological stress with MPI or Echo.”On page e384, in the first column, in Section 3.2.2.3, the Class 1, Recommendation 1 read, “Pharmacological stress with either nuclear….” It has been changed to read, “Exercise echo or pharmacological stress with either nuclear….”On page e389, in the Table 14 footnote, the last paragraph read, “Adapted from Gibbons et al.7” It has been changed to read, “Adapted from Snow et al.377a”On page e406, in the first column, in the first paragraph, the sixth sentence read, “Perindopril was further tested in the PEACE….” It has been changed to read, “Trandolapril was further tested in the PEACE….”On page e444, in the Reference section, a reference has been added: 377a. Snow V, Barry P, Fihn SD, et al. Evaluation of primary care patients with chronic stable angina: guidelines from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:57–64.”These corrections have been made to the current online version of the article, which is available at http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/126/25/e354. Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articles2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart DiseaseStephan D. Fihn, et al. Circulation. 2012;126:e354-e471 April 22, 2014Vol 129, Issue 16 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000032 Originally publishedApril 22, 2014 PDF download Advertisement

Sensorimotor performance in euthymic bipolar disorder: the MPraxis (PennCNP) analysis

Sensorimotor deficits are an important phenomenological facet observed in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). However, there is little research on this topic. We hypothesize that the MPraxis test can be used to screen for motor impairments in BD aiming movements. The MPraxis, which is a quick and easy-to-apply computerized test, measures sensorimotor control. During the test, the participant must move the computer mouse cursor over an ever-shrinking green box and click on it once. We predict that the MPraxis test is capable of detecting differences in sensorimotor performance between patients with BD and controls. We assessed 21 euthymic type I BD patients, without DSM-IV-TR Axis I comorbidity, and 21 healthy controls. Compared to the controls, the patients with BD presented a lower response time in their movements in all conditions. Our results showed sensorimotor deficits in BD and suggested that the MPraxis test can be used to screen for motor impairments in patients with euthymic BD.

Warhol’s <em>Time Capsule 51</em>

Andy Warhol's Time Capsules (TCs) (figure 1) are a vast creative project of 610 containers, each holding an average of several hundred objects, which were assembled by the artist to document his life and times simply by saving things that interested him.1 Indeed, they surely must be the most pure expression of his definition of pop art as liking things.2 One of the TCs was opened and discussed at a meeting of the tripartite founders of the Warhol Museum, held in New York in October 1992, during which Warhol's longtime business manager Fred Hughes clearly stated, He [Warhol] thought of them as sculpture.3 This characterization has been variously confirmed and rejected by other former Warhol assistants. Although they are held in our Archives collection, the Warhol Museum considers them to be a work of art, with conceptual connections to works that Warhol was very familiar with: the 1960s' Poubelles of his contemporary Arman and the boxed notes of Marcel Duchamp (The Green Box of 1934 andT l'Infinitif of 1967). More recently, works by younger artists share a similar idea, notably Song Dong's Waste Not (2005).4Warhol began this obsessive work in 1974 in preparation for moving his studio one block north in Lower Manhattan from 33 Union Square West to 860 Broadway, but many of the bits and pieces in the boxes and filing cabinets (and in one large trunk holding more than three thousand items) date to earlier decades in his life.5 For example, one TC treasure that was vitally important to Warhol is his autographed photograph of Shirley Temple, which he received in the mail at his childhood Pittsburgh home in 1941, when both the sender and recipient were about twelve years of age.6With only fifty-four items, seemingly a lightweight in the TC series, TC 51 cuts a wide swath-from Warhol's college days to many stages in his commercial art career and through his pop-art years. It even reaches back beyond Warhol's time to include objects from the middle and late nineteenth century. While Warhol is most commonly identified in his role as a painter, only one publication title among those discussed here relates immediately to that identity (ARTnews 52, no. 2 [1953], TC51.10).Early LifeTC 51 includes a few bits of evidence related to Warhol's years as an art student, at the end of the first twenty years of his life, before he left his family in Pittsburgh for a new life in New York City.During his college education at Carnegie Tech (1945-49),7 Warhol was required to take an English course called Thought and Expression taught by novelist Gladys Schmitt, founder of the school's program in creative writing.8 The story of how Andy failed to earn a passing grade in the class (even with the extraordinary assistance of two female classmates) has been described in both Victor Bockris's biography9 and in an essay by Warhol's classmate, art historian Bennard Perlman.10 A signed copy of Schmitt's third published book, Alexandra (New York: Dial Press, 1947, TC51.49), is in this TC. Oddly, her handwritten signature on the book's first page is positioned almost exactly where her signature is embossed on the cover's water-stained brown boards, creating a curious repetition of the autographic image as the book is opened.11As it bears the same year of publication as Schmitt's novel, another book in this TC is probably related to Warhol's introduction to literature. The copy of a popular Simon & Schuster collection of short stories does not seem to have any significant markings among its 800+ pages, but there is a dab of white paint on its dark red cover (A Treasury of Short Stories; Favorites of the Past Hundred Years from Turgenev to Thurber from Balzac to Hemingway; with Biographical Sketches of the Authors, ed. Bernardine Kielty [New York: Simon & Schuster, 1947], TC51.50).One of Warhol's college classmates was the original owner of the Funk & Wagnails Standard Junior School Dictionary of the English Language (1940, TC51. …