Greek Participles Research Articles

THE PARTICIPLES OF THE PASSIVE PERFECT IN GREEK AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENTS IN BULGARIAN (BASED ON A TRANSLATION CORPUS)

This paper focuses on the participles of the passive perfect in the Greek language and their functional equivalents in Bulgarian translations. For the purposes of the study, a translation corpus was used, consisting of 500 forms of the Greek participles of the passive perfect. The examples are excerpted from five books by Greek authors, translated into Bulgarian by professional translators. The results of the research show that the dominant functional equivalent of the Greek participle of the passive perfect in the Bulgarian language is quite naturally the past passive participle. Yet, although both languages have the category of past passive participles, with similar meanings and functions, in the course of the study it turned out that only about half of the forms of participles in Greek are rendered into Bulgarian with the same type of participles. The other main functional equivalents of the Greek participles of the passive perfect are adjectives and past perfect active participles, and in rare cases adverbs, nouns, verbs, other participles and prepositional phrases are used. The present study once again illustrates the fact that comparative research has always been and will continue to be a reliable tool for a more systematic and comprehensive study of the meanings and functions of certain linguistic phenomena, something that is not always achievable in a single language.

ON THE SYSTEM OF THE PARTICIPLES IN BULGARIAN AND GREEK

This paper is devoted to the participle system in Bulgarian and Greek, presenting in a comparative plan the formation, meanings, functions and use of the different types of participles in the two languages. The paper focuses on the similarities and differences in the different types of participles, giving information about the frequency of their use in both languages. The traditional types of active and passive participles are considered separately. However, for some of the types of participles there are different opinions whether they should be included in the participle systems of the two studied languages, the article presents the relevant views and arguments of researchers. Such are, for example, the past imperfect active participle and the present passive participle in the Bulgarian language, as well as the present active participle and the aorist active participle in Greek. The present study is the first attempt to present the participle system in Bulgarian and Greek, with the comparison made at the system level in both languages. Apart from the theoretical plan, the conclusions formulated as a result of the comparative study of the participle systems of the two languages would be useful in practice in the assimilation of certain types of Greek participles by Bulgarians learning Greek. In the future, the field of study could be expanded into the comparative analysis of the participle system in Bulgarian and Greek at the level of speech (for example, on the basis of a translation corpus).

From Hebrew to Greek: Verbs in Translation in the Book of Ecclesiastes

Abstract This article discusses the translation of verbs in the Book of Ecclesiastes from Hebrew into Greek. Each Hebrew verbal category is examined in turn. Qal perfective verbs are found to be primarily rendered via the Greek aorist indicative, while Qal imperfective verbs are translated primarily by both the future indicative and by the aorist subjunctive. Qal participles are rendered almost equally by Greek participles and Greek finite forms (usually present), while Qal infinitives and imperatives are rendered by their equivalents in Greek. With regard to other Hebrew stems, these general trends hold true, but it is noted that Piel and Hiphil verbs are translated overwhelmingly by Greek active forms (almost never deponent or middle), while the Niphal is predictably rendered by passive Greek forms. Besides these general trends, the article makes note of exceptions and oddities which help to elucidate the ancient translator’s understanding of both the Hebrew and Greek verbal systems.

Inter- and intrasentential anaphora: the case of the Ancient Greek participle

This paper offers a formal model of the temporal behavior of Ancient Greek participles in their functions as elaborations, frames and independent rhemes. We model how they differ from each other and from main clauses, focusing in particular on the phenomenon of narrative progression. The theory integrates LFG and CDRT, using Glue semantics.

Un costrutto discusso: participio pro verbo di modo finito?

Abstract This paper re-examines a very peculiar and discussed use of the Greek participle, which has been recognized by some scholars and defined as ‘participle used as a finite verb’ or, better, as ‘participle used instead of a finite verb’. However, this viewpoint has not been generally accepted. The pattern in question occurs mainly, although not exclusively, in late Greek prose, when a participle is found where we expect, and the syntax would require, a finite verb, both in independent and subordinate clauses. In most cases editors alternatively either choose a more regular reading, if witnessed, or simply emend the text. Therefore we can find not a scanty amount of examples of this construction relegated to (exhaustive) critical apparatuses, as discarded variants, where we see that a participle is actually the only reading or a better attested variant than the correspondent finite verb. In order to strongly argue in favor of the real existence and legitimacy, sometimes disputed, of this use of the pa...

Temporal anaphora across and inside sentences: the function of participles

The paper offers a formal account of the discourse behaviour of participles, which to some extent behave like main clauses in having semantically undetermined relations to their matrix clause, but which should nevertheless be integrated into the compositional semantics of complex sentences. The theory is developed on the basis of Ancient Greek participles and offers an account of their syntax, semantics and discourse behaviour (focusing on the temporal dimension of discourse), integrating Lexical-Functional Grammar, Compositional DRT and Segmented DRT using Glue semantics. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/sp.4.8 BibTeX info

Inter- and intrasentential anaphora: the case of the Ancient Greek participle

This paper offers a formal model of the temporal behavior of Ancient Greek participles in their functions as elaborations, frames and independent rhemes. We model how they differ from each other and from main clauses, focusing in particular on the phenomenon of narrative progression. The theory integrates LFG and CDRT, using Glue semantics.

Aristotle's 'So-Called Elements'

AbstractAristotle's use of the phrase τα καλουμενα στοιχεια is usually taken as evidence that he does not really think that the things to which this phrase refers, namely, fire, air, water, and earth, are genuine elements. In this paper I question the linguistic and textual grounds for taking the phrase τα καλουμενα στοιχεια in this way. I offer a detailed examination of the significance of the phrase, and in particular I compare Aristotle's general use of the Greek participle καλουμενοζiot (-η, -ον) in other contexts. I conclude that his use of the phrase τα καλουμενα στοιχεια does not carry ironical or sceptical connotations, and that it ought to be understood as a neutral report of a contemporary opinion that the elements of bodies are fire, air, water, and earth. I leave aside the question as to whether or not Aristotle himself endorses this opinion.

Talking About Violence: Clustered Participles in the Speeches of Lysias

This paper explores the Greek participle and its use in the works of Lysias. I will argue that in Lysias' works, narrative descriptions of violence are characterized by the unusually frequent use of the participle. I will further show that the association of high participle density and narratives about violence are a subset of a larger pattern relating to use of the participle in Lysias' works. In this pattern, Lysias uses unusually large numbers of participles: (1) only within the narrative and argumentative sections of the speeches; (2) to structure the work and mark the conclusion of narrative arcs and lines of argument; (3) in their role as a structuring device, these passages also provide immediacy and momentum to the argument or narrative descriptions of events; and (4) to mark a return in subject matter to the case at hand and to focus the attention of the jury on the question that is before them.

Indeterminacy in Greek Participles: How Do We Assign Meaning?

Indeterminacy in Greek Participles: How Do We Assign Meaning?

On Negativing Greek Participles, Where the Leading Verbs are of a Type to Require μή

It is one of the attractions of Greek syntax that it provides an abundance of usages which require careful discrimination, if we are to appreciate their value; and which at the same time present problems of interpretation which have not been completely solved. This is particularly the case with the use of the negatives, and it is one of these constructions with which we are concerned here.

Zwei Hapax Legomena der gotischen Bibel

(A re-examination of the evidence in case of the two Gothic nouns gakunds (Gal. 5.8) and gakunps (in the phrase uf gakunbai, Luc. 3.23) yields the result that the former serves to translate 7reto-ovi in the sense of 'submission' or 'submissiveness', whereas uf gakunpai is a free rendering ('when he became known') of the Greek participle apX6oevos (i.e., 'when he began'). Here as elsewhere, Ulfilas proves to be a competent translator from Greek, more so than, e.g., Erasmus or Luther. I

On the Stylistic Effect of the Greek Participle

On the Stylistic Effect of the Greek Participle

On the Substantive Use of the Greek Participle

On the Substantive Use of the Greek Participle