Greater Stability Research Articles

Oil-based Z-isomer-rich lycopene: Efficient production in dual-media and stability evaluation

Developing a practical and efficient method for the Z-isomerization of lycopene is essential, as the Z-isomers exhibit higher biological activity and bioavailability compared to the all-E-isomer. The aim of this study was to develop an innovative approach to induce thermal Z-isomerization of (all-E)-lycopene by utilizing a dual-media system consisting of oil and ethanol in conjunction with a heat-pressure process. Specifically, the effects of reaction temperature, initial reaction pressure, ethanol volume ratio, and reaction time were investigated. The novel reaction system effectively facilitated the Z-isomerization of (all-E)-lycopene. For instance, when subjected to a reaction at 120 °C for 30 min, the total Z-isomer ratio surpassed 66%. FTIR, DSC, and XRD confirmed the presence of Z-isomer-rich lycopene dispersed in oil in an amorphous state and with a lower melting point. Moreover, an evaluation of the stability of Z-isomer-rich lycopene in olive oil revealed a decreasing trend in both lycopene concentration and total Z-isomer ratio with increasing temperature and storage time. Notably, among the lycopene isomers, (5Z)-lycopene showed the greatest stability compared to other isomers of lycopene. This eco-friendly and efficient isomerization technology is a useful approach for producing Z-isomer-rich lycopene materials.

Eco-friendly and efficient sulfamic acid functionalized MIL-53 (Al) nanocomposite for removal of hazardous pollutants from wastewater and catalytic synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone pharmacological moiety

This study proposed the facile synthesis of sulfamic acid functionalized MIL-53 (Al) (SA@MIL-53(Al)) nanocomposite for dual-functional pollutant removal and catalytic synthesis. The composite was synthesized through a facile, straightforward, and one-step solvothermal process. Furthermore, different analysis techniques like XRD, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, and TGA were applied to examine the prepared composites' structure properties, confirming the successful preparation of functionalized frameworks. Several factors, including the initial concentration of pollutants, adsorbent dosage, pH, and pHpzc, have been established to optimize the suitable parameters for adsorption. 25 wt.% SA@MIL-53(Al) has the greatest adsorption capacities of 146.5, 97.7, and 35.5 mg g−1 for removing MB, CR dyes, and Pb (II), respectively. The rate-limiting steps were also discussed, and the experimental adsorption measurements obeyed the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Moreover, the fabricated composites were used as catalysts to produce 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone (3,4-DHP). 50 wt.% SA@MIL-53(Al) demonstrated the highest efficiency, nearly 92.0 %, with great durability and stability.

Cloning, Expression, Characterization and Immobilization of a Recombinant Carboxylesterase from the Halophilic Archaeon, Halobacterium salinarum NCR-1.

Only a few halophilic archaea producing carboxylesterases have been reported. The limited research on biocatalytic characteristics of archaeal esterases is primarily due to their very low production in native organisms. A gene encoding carboxylesterase from Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 was cloned and successfully expressed in Haloferax volcanii. The recombinant carboxylesterase (rHsEst) was purified by affinity chromatography with a yield of 81%, and its molecular weight was estimated by SDS-PAGE (33 kDa). The best kinetic parameters of rHsEst were achieved using p-nitrophenyl valerate as substrate (KM = 78 µM, kcat = 0.67 s-1). rHsEst exhibited great stability to most metal ions tested and some solvents (diethyl ether, n-hexane, n-heptane). Purified rHsEst was effectively immobilized using Celite 545. Esterase activities of rHsEst were confirmed by substrate specificity studies. The presence of a serine residue in rHsEst active site was revealed through inhibition with PMSF. The pH for optimal activity of free rHsEst was 8, while for immobilized rHsEst, maximal activity was at a pH range between 8 to 10. Immobilization of rHsEst increased its thermostability, halophilicity and protection against inhibitors such as EDTA, BME and PMSF. Remarkably, immobilized rHsEst was stable and active in NaCl concentrations as high as 5M. These biochemical characteristics of immobilized rHsEst reveal its potential as a biocatalyst for industrial applications.

A novel iron metal organic framework-based nanocomposite for the synergistic degradation and adsorption of organic pollutants and Cr (Ⅵ) under visible light

In this work, a novel nitrogenous Fe-TPPE metal-organic-framework (MOF) with excellent visible light catalytic activity was successfully prepared, and a magnetic composite (Fe3O4@Fe-TPPE) with Z-type heterojunction structure was designed to synergistically treat organic pollutants and Cr(Ⅵ). The materials were carefully characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared analysis, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, etc. The characterizations of photoelectric properties showed that the novel Fe-TPPE MOF exhibited strong response to visible light and Fe3O4@Fe-TPPE had even stronger response. Furthermore, the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation capabilities of Fe-TPPE and Fe3O4@Fe-TPPE, and the versatility as photocatalysts for aqueous pollutants were assessed through removal studies of the model pollutants tetracycline, rhodamine, methyl blue and Cr (VI). Additionally, the removal mechanism of the Fe3O4@Fe-TPPE for the above pollutants was explored. The high removal efficiency, fast magnetic separation, great recycling stability and minimal leak during application all demonstrate the good potential of Fe3O4@Fe-TPPE for practical and sustainable treatment of aqueous pollutants.

Exploring the Synergistic Potential of Bimetallic Sulfide (SrCuS) as Battery‐Grade Electrode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitor Applications

State‐of‐the art hybrid energy storage devices, owing to their attractive electrochemical features of high specific energy, power, and great stability, have earned incredible attention throughout the world. Herein, bimetallic sulfide (SrCuS) composites with different concentration are electrochemically analyzed for hybrid supercapacitor applications. In half‐cell assembly, amidst all compositions, Sr0.5Cu0.5S reveals relatively better performance demonstrating specific capacity “Qs” of 596.48 C g−1. To assess the hybrid device's (Sr0.5Cu0.5S//AC) electrochemical performance, positive electrode (Sr0.5Cu0.5S) along with activated carbon as negative electrode is utilized. The device displayed energy density “Ed” of (51.28 W h kg−1) and power density “‘Pd” of 6800 W kg−1. Furthermore, the device is examined for capacitive‐ and diffusive‐controlled processes employing a semi‐empirical approach, using linear and quadratic models, respectively.

High-performance PES ultrafiltration membrane with sponge-like structure assisted by N-vinylpyrrolidone

The study focused on the preparation of spongy polyether sulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane and investigated the effects of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and air exposure time on membrane properties. NVP was used as a pore-forming additive to create interconnected pores in the membrane structure, leading to higher water permeability. Furthermore, longer air exposure generally improved membrane porosity and performance. However, excessive exposure led to membrane shrinkage and reduced mechanical strength. The incorporation of NVP and air exposure effectively mitigates the trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity. this work might provide an effective process for preparing spongy PES ultrafiltration membrane with outstanding antifouling performance, high throughput, and great stability. Therefore, an optimized composite membrane was confirmed by combining the addition of 10 wt% NVP with 40 s air exposure, referred to as M4. The water flux of the M4 membrane reached 797.62 L·m−2·h−1, which was 1.9 times higher than that of a pure PES membrane. Additionally, the rejection rate of bovine serum albumin (BSA) increased from 57.97 % to 95.89 % compared to the pure PES membrane. The spongy PES ultrafiltration membrane exhibited desirable properties for protein separation and wastewater treatment, making them promising materials for various applications in the field.

Plasma induced grain boundaries to boost electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate

Bismuth-based catalysts are highly promising for the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) to formate product. However, achieving high activity and selectivity towards formate and ensuring long-term stability remains challenging. This work reports the oxygen plasma inducing strategy to construct the abundant grain boundaries of Bi/BiOx on ultrathin two-dimensional Bi nanosheets. The oxygen plasma-treated Bi nanosheet (OP-Bi) exhibits over 90% Faradaic efficiency (FE) for formate at a wide potential range from −0.5 to −1.1 V, and maintains a great stability catalytic performance without significant decay over 30 h in flow cell. Moreover, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) device with OP-Bi as catalyst sustains the robust current density of 100 mA cm−2 over 50 h, maintaining a formate FE above 90%. In addition, rechargeable Zn-CO2 battery presents the peak power density of 1.22 mW cm−2 with OP-Bi as bifunctional catalyst. The mechanism experiments demonstrate that the high-density grain boundaries of OP-Bi provide more exposed active sites, faster electron transfer capacity, and the stronger intrinsic activity of Bi atoms. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations further elucidate that the unsaturated Bi coordination atoms between the grain boundaries can effectively activate CO2 molecules through elongating the C–O bond, and reducing the formation energy barrier of the key intermediate (*OCOH), thereby enhancing the catalytic performance of eCO2RR to formate product.

Novel PLGA-encapsulated-nanopiperine promotes synergistic interaction of p53/PARP-1/Hsp90 axis to combat ALX-induced-hyperglycemia

The present study predicts the molecular targets and druglike properties of the phyto-compound piperine (PIP) by in silico studies including molecular docking simulation, druglikeness prediction and ADME analysis for prospective therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications. PIP was encapsulated in biodegradable polymer poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) to form nanopiperine (NPIP) and their physico-chemical properties were characterized by AFM and DLS. ∼ 30 nm sized NPIP showed 86.68% encapsulation efficiency and − 6 mV zeta potential, demonstrated great interactive stability and binding with CT-DNA displaying upsurge in molar ellipticity during CD spectroscopy. NPIP lowered glucose levels in peripheral circulation by > 65 mg/dL compared to disease model and improved glucose influx in alloxan-induced in vivo and in vitro diabetes models concerted with 3-folds decrease in ROS production, ROS-induced DNA damage and 27.24% decrease in nuclear condensation. The 25% increase in % cell viability and inhibition in chromosome aberration justified the initiation of p53 and PARP DNA repairing protein expression and maintenance of Hsp90. Thus, the experimental study corroborated well with in silico predictions of modulating the p53/PARP-1/Hsp90 axis, with predicted dock score value of − 8.72, − 8.57, − 8.76 kcal/mol respectively, validated docking-based preventive approaches for unravelling the intricacies of molecular signalling and nano-drug efficacy as therapeutics for diabetics.

A smartphone-assisted sensing hydrogels based on UCNPs@SiO2-phenol red nanoprobes for detecting the pH of aquatic products

For some aquatic products, pH has been considered a useful index to reflect the changes in materials during the loss of freshness. Based on the inner filter effect (IFE) between deprotonated phenol red (PR) and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), UCNPs coated with PR-doped SiO2 shell were embedded in agarose hydrogel to develop a smartphone-assisted method for pH sensing. With the enhancement of pH response using a phase transfer agent (i.e., tetra butyl ammonium hydroxide, TBAH), the proposed senor realized the colorimetric and fluorescence detection of pH in the range of pH 6.6–8 and pH 6–8, respectively. The sensor also showed satisfied reversibility when switched between pH 6 and 8 for at least 5 cycles. Moreover, this sensor displayed great sensitivity, stability, and portability in analyzing actual fish, shrimp, and shellfish samples, providing a new sight for evaluating the freshness of aquatic products.

Color-tunability and energy transfer of a highly thermal-stable BaZnB4O8:Tb3+/Eu3+ phosphor for single-component w-LEDs

A series of Tb3+ single-doped and Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped BaZnB4O8 samples with color tuning were efficiently synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, photoluminescence and the energy transfer process (ET) of the samples were systematically studied. The optimal BaZnB4O8:0.08Tb3+ sample shows efficient green emission, then tunable color was achieved by merely introducing a few of Eu3+ ions owing to the highly efficient ET process from Tb3+ to Eu3+ in the BaZnB4O8:0.08Tb3+/yEu3+ samples. The ET efficiency from Tb3+ to Eu3+ of the BaZnB4O8:0.08Tb3+, yEu3+ samples rose from 32.1 % to 51.6 %, simultaneously the luminescent quantum yield improved from 24.7 % to 36.8 %, as the Eu3+ doping concentration increased from 0.125 % to 2 %. Moreover, the Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped samples exhibited great thermal stability, keeping about 90.2 % (@150 °C) of their original intensity at room temperature. Finally, white light was achieved by a warm w-LEDs fabricated by coating the BaZnB4O8:0.08Tb3+, 0.0025Eu3+ sample on a 365 nm chip. The w-LEDs showed outstanding performance characteristics, with a CCT of 3869 K and a CRI of 89.3. According to the results, Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped BaZnB4O8 samples have the potential to serve as single-component multicolor-emitting or white-emitting phosphors upon excitation at near-UV wavelength.

Facile synthesis of cryogenically controlled cobalt-nickel-based Prussian blue analogues for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors

Cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) with high energy density as a potentially useful electrode for energy storage systems still suffers from inferior rate capability and low cycling performance due to high-spin nitrogen-coordinated Co ions. While nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) with low energy density can exhibit great cycling stability due to the electrochemical inertness of Ni. Herein, we have developed a series of cobalt nickel hexacyanoferrate (CoNiHCF) via a facile cryogenically controlled co-precipitation method. We explored the Co/Ni molar ratio and synthesis temperature on the effects of the specific capacitance in detail. As supercapacitor cathode, the Co0.7Ni0.3HCF with the Co/Ni molar ratio of 0.7:0.3 synthesized at 0 °C can exhibit a high specific capacitance of 406 F g−1 at 1 A·g−1 with capacitance retention of 81.89 % after 5000 cycles. The exceptional electrochemical performance is ascribed to the upgraded conductivity resulting from the coexistence of bimetallic components, the low particle size caused by the moderate introduction of Ni, the low interstitial water content, and the synergistic effect between Co and Ni. Moreover, the symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) of Co0.7Ni0.3HCF//Co0.7Ni0.3HCF can provide a high energy density of 72.96 W h kg−1 and 40.96 W h kg−1 at specific powers of 2876 W kg−1 and 28,577 W kg−1, respectively with a capacitance retention of 74.83 % after 4000 cycles.

Titania-carbon amalgamated nickel and copper layered double hydroxide for dye removal and catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol

An economical and environmentally beneficial route for removing acid red 1 dye (A.R.) is titania‑carbon amalgamated nickel and copper layered double hydroxide, which is an efficient, and sustainable adsorbent. The utilized composite adsorbent consisting of layered double hydroxide (LDH) films with Ni and Cu, as well as TiO2-C have been fabricated to remove acid red 1 and develop a sustainable environmentally friendly way to convert p-nitrophenol into p-aminophenol. Miscellaneous characterization approaches were employed to examine the morphology, structure, and surface area of the synthesized composites. This study used a batch adsorption approach, which involved adjusting several factors, including adsorbent dosage, pH, and effect of co-existing inorganic materials. XRD, and FTIR characterization before and after adsorption showed robustness of the structure of the nanocomposite. The XPS analysis of TiO2-C@NiLDH and TiO2-C@CuLDH following the adsorption of A.R. revealed that the dye's shielding effect on the metal ions was the primary factor influencing the adsorption, rather than the degradation of the dyes. Moreover, the utilized nanocomposites exhibited an efficient catalytic activity for the conversion of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol using a hydrogen donor. Our findings exhibit that the LDH/TiO2-C hybrid with Ni demonstrates great stability even after being reused six times, and the suggested reaction mechanism has been documented.

Composite Electrolytes with Li2CO3‐Free Garnets Achieved by One‐Step Poly(propylene carbonate) Treatment for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Solid Lithium Batteries

AbstractGarnet‐based composite electrolytes show great potential in building high‐energy‐density solid lithium batteries. However, naturally formed Li2CO3 on garnets owing to air exposure hinders the Li‐ion transport and triggers undesirable performance deterioration. Based on the reaction between basic Li2CO3 and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) with a product of propylene carbonate (PC), composite electrolytes with homogeneously distributed Li2CO3‐free garnets as well as PC are fabricated in one step without the post‐treatment of garnet powders in both polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based electrolytes. The formed PC component further decreases the crystallization of PEO and reduces the grain size of PVDF, leading to improved ion transport in PEO and the suppression of PVDF dehydrofluorination. Consequently, the PPC‐treated garnets enable high ionic conductivities of 3.40 × 10−4 and 1.75 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C, respectively, in PEO:garnet and PVDF:garnet electrolytes, as well as great electrochemical stability against Li‐metal with a lifespan over 1000 h in Li symmetrical cells at 0.1 mA cm−2. Superior stable cycles are thus realized in both LiFePO4|PEO:garnet|Li and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2|PVDF:garnet|Li cells. These above results demonstrate that the one‐step treatment used here helps the enhancement of Li‐ion transport in composite electrolytes, thus essential for building high‐rate and long‐life solid lithium batteries (SLBs).

2D Halide Perovskites for High-Performance Resistive Switching Memory and Artificial Synapse Applications.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are considered as promising candidates in the application of nonvolatile high-density, low-cost resistive switching (RS) memories and artificial synapses, resulting from their excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties including large light absorption coefficient, fast ion migration, long carrier diffusion length, low trap density, high defect tolerance. Among MHPs, 2D halide perovskites have exotic layered structure and great environment stability as compared with 3D counterparts. Herein, recent advances of 2D MHPs for the RS memories and artificial synapses realms are comprehensively summarized and discussed, as well as the layered structure properties and the related physical mechanisms are presented. Furthermore, the current issues and developing roadmap for the next-generation 2D MHPs RS memories and artificial synapse are elucidated.

Layered Double Hydroxides with Carbonate Intercalation as Ultra‐Stable Anodes for Seawater Splitting at Ampere‐Level Current Density

AbstractOwing to the presence of a substantial concentration of chlorine in seawater, the anode still faces severe chlorine corrosion, especially the water splitting operated at high current densities. Herein, the cost‐effective and scalable NiFe layered double hydroxides with carbonate intercalation (named as NiFe LDH_CO32−) are synthesized utilizing the etching‐hydrolysis and ion exchange strategies under ambient conditions. Experimental findings demonstrate that NiFe LDH_CO32− shows excellent stability at 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 for 1000 h under alkaline simulated seawater. Additionally, a two‐electrode system offers great stability at current densities ranging from 100 to 1000 mA cm−2 over a duration of 400 h in alkaline seawater. This remarkably catalytic stability can be ascribed to the etching‐hydrolysis and carbonate intercalation strategies. The etching‐hydrolysis strategy leads to an integrated electrode for the catalyst‐carrier, enhancing the adhesion between them, and retarding hence the divorce of catalysts from the carrier. Theoretical calculations suggest that the carbonate intercalation weakens the adsorbability of chlorine on catalysts and hinders the coupling of metal atoms with chlorine, thereby impeding the anode corrosion caused by chlorine and improving catalytic stability. More importantly, this strategy has been extended to the preparation of other layered double hydroxides with carbonate intercalation.

A case study of enhanced flotation of coal gasification fine slag by multiple compound collectors

ABSTRACT The flotation mechanism of multiple compound collectors called ZKC-I for coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) was revealed from the flotation kinetics, adsorption properties, bubble–particle interaction, and froth properties. The results were compared to dodecane, which represents the conventional nonpolar hydrocarbon oil collector. The flotation concentrates yield and rate constant of CGFS treated by ZKC-I were 2–3 times than those of CGFS treated by dodecane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wrap angle results showed that ZKC-I improved the hydrophobicity of residual carbon because of the synergistic adsorption of fatty acids, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons in the ZKC-I on the heterogeneous surface of residual carbon particles, which enhanced the adhesion between residual carbon particles and bubble. Due to the strong carrying capacity of the bubble to residual carbon particles, the number of residual carbon particles in the froth treated by ZKC-I was more than that of the CGFS froth treated by dodecane. The high content of carbon particles in the froth resulted in great stability of the flotation froth, and the maximum height and half-life of the froth were higher than that of CGFS treated by dodecane. This study has practical and theoretical significance for the separation of coal-based solid waste.

Hydrophilic Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Capillary Membranes with Chemical Resistance by Constructing Three-Dimensional Hydrophilic Networks.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) capillary membranes, known for the great chemical resistance and thermal stability, are commonly used in membrane separation technologies. However, the strong hydrophobic property of PTFE limits its application in water filtration. This study introduces a method whereby acrylamide (AM), N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) undergo free radical copolymerization, followed by the hydrolysis-condensation of silane bonds, resulting in the formation of hydrophilic three-dimensional networks physically intertwined with the PTFE capillary membranes. The modified PTFE capillary membranes prepared through this method exhibit excellent hydrophilic properties, whose water contact angles are decreased by 24.3-61.2%, and increasing pure water flux from 0 to 1732.7-2666.0 L/m2·h. The enhancement in hydrophilicity of the modified PTFE capillary membranes is attributed to the introduction of hydrophilic groups such as amide bonds and siloxane bonds, along with an increase in surface roughness. Moreover, the modified PTFE capillary membranes exhibit chemical resistance, maintaining the hydrophilicity even after immersion in strong acidic (3 wt% HCl), alkaline (3 wt% NaOH), and oxidative (3 wt% NaClO) solutions for 2 weeks. In conclusion, this promising method yields modified PTFE capillary membranes with great hydrophilicity and chemical resistance, presenting substantial potential for applications in the field of water filtration.

A convolutional neural network based on an evolutionary algorithm and its application

PM2.5 concentration predictions can provide air pollution control, management, and early warning. However, the PM2.5 data with high-dimensionality, complexity, and dynamics pose a great challenge to achieve optimal prediction results. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has unique advantages in processing complex data and contributes to state-of-the-art performances. However, designing the architecture and selecting the learning rate for CNN are time-consuming and requires prior knowledge. Evolutionary algorithms, with the advantages of global convergence, ergodicity, robustness and adaptability, are the most commonly used methods to design the optimal framework for CNNs. Therefore, to improve the predictive performance of CNNs, this paper proposes an improved CNN method (EBRO-ICNN) which employs the enhanced battle royale optimization (EBRO) algorithm and proportional-derivative (PD) control. Firstly, the EBRO algorithm with multistrategy collaborative optimization is introduced, and validated by CEC2017 benchmark functions, which demonstrates EBRO strong global exploration capability, fast convergence speed, and low time complexity. Next, PD control is applied to adjust the learning rate of CNN (ICNN) dynamically, which improves the efficiency and stability of the network training process. At the same time, the ICNN model is optimized using the EBRO algorithm, which can reduce the human interference, generate the optimal framework automatically and enhance the prediction accuracy effectively. Finally, a private air quality dataset and two public datasets are utilized to evaluate the performance of the EBRO-ICNN model, considering 3 error evaluation metrics and 7 prediction comparison models. The experimental results demonstrate that the EBRO-ICNN model exhibits great accuracy and stability.

Tailoring the d-band center on Ru1Cu single-atom alloy nanotubes for boosting electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensing.

The development of cost-effective and highly efficient electrocatalysts is critical to help electrochemical non-enzymatic sensors achieve high performance. Here, a new class of catalyst, Ru single atoms confined on Cu nanotubes as asingle-atom alloy (Ru1Cu NTs), with aunique electronic structure and property, was developed to construct a novel electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. The Ru1Cu NTs with a diameter of about 24.0nm showed amuch lower oxidation potential (0.38V) and 9.0-fold higher response (66.5 μA) current than Cu nanowires (Cu NWs, oxidation potential 0.47V and current 7.4 μA) for glucose electrocatalysis. Moreover, as an electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor, Ru1Cu NTs not only exhibited twofold higher sensitivity (54.9 μA mM-1cm-2) and wider linear range (0.5-8mM) than Cu NWs, but also showed alow detection limit (5.0μM), excellent selectivity, and great stability. According to theoretical calculation results, the outstanding catalytic and sensing performance of Ru1Cu NTs could be ascribed to the upshift of the d-band center that helped promote glucose adsorption. This work presents a new avenue for developing highly active catalysts for electrochemical non-enzymatic sensors.

Sensing Utilities of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites and Composites: A Comprehensive Review.

Recently, the utilization of metal halide perovskites in sensing and their application in environmental studies have reached a new height. Among the different metal halide perovskites, cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3; X = Cl, Br, and I) and composites have attracted great interest in sensing applications owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Most CsPbX3 nanostructures and composites possess great structural stability, luminescence, and electrical properties for developing distinct optical and photonic devices. When exposed to light, heat, and water, CsPbX3 and composites can display stable sensing utilities. Many CsPbX3 and composites have been reported as probes in the detection of diverse analytes, such as metal ions, anions, important chemical species, humidity, temperature, radiation photodetection, and so forth. So far, the sensing studies of metal halide perovskites covering all metallic and organic-inorganic perovskites have already been reviewed in many studies. Nevertheless, a detailed review of the sensing utilities of CsPbX3 and composites could be helpful for researchers who are looking for innovative designs using these nanomaterials. Herein, we deliver a thorough review of the sensing utilities of CsPbX3 and composites, in the quantitation of metal ions, anions, chemicals, explosives, bioanalytes, pesticides, fungicides, cellular imaging, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic gases, humidity, temperature, radiation, and photodetection. Furthermore, this review also covers the synthetic pathways, design requirements, advantages, limitations, and future directions for this material.