Greater Profits Research Articles

Study on cross-border fresh order and transport model based on profit maximization principle

This research focuses on the delivery of fresh fruits and veggies via a third-party carrier. Despite the fact that the major concern is transportation, a different fitness function was presented to maximize the transporter's revenues by taking into account specific constraints. The major goal of this study is to figure out how much vegetables and fruit should be bought in order to transport them to various locations at the highest potential profit. Traditional problem-solving techniques are used to address the issue. Furthermore, the simplex approach used allows for the identification of restrictions and the determination of the best solution to the issue that meets transportation needs while also generating the most profit. Overall, the findings show that the greatest profit that can be made in a single trip is $1,840.00, fulfilling three distinct firms' requirements. Research has discussed several ways to solve maximization and transport problems. Nevertheless, this research views them as two separate elements since the transportation method is normally used for minimization. Hence, both this method and the simplex method are coupled to maximize resources.

The Neutrosophic Treatment for Multiple Storage Problem of Finite Materials and Volumes

In this paper, we present a multi-inventory with limited size model to clarify the basic idea of ​​multi-inventory systems in order to understand the relationships between the main variables, and examine the inventory’s behaviour in a very broad range. In addition to the obvious applications in physical warehouses (such as electrical equipment, supplies, raw materials used in manufacturing, etc.), there are less predictable cases in which the multi-inventory model can be used. Such a model can be applied on the number of engineers and employees in a company, also on the number of students and professors in a university, as they constitute the processes of demand, hiring, and laying off which are types of compensation. Moreover, it may be useful at times not to look at physical goods as inventory as the prior examples are both types of inventory based on the space occupied as the available space can accommodate stored materials and is considered an inventory that must be compensated when depleted. The previous examples, in addition to many others, can be classified as inventory problems indicating the abundance of inventory models application, and the possibility of benefiting from the study of inventory theory in terms of clarifying the internal structure of the systems. In this study, we used the Neutrosophic logic to solve the problem of multi-inventory and limited size, depending on the fact that the optimal volume of materials to be stored is affected by the rate of demand for inventory. Moreover, this study is considered an expansion of one of the known classical inventory models that depend on finite data and that is done by assigning a constant value to the inventory demand rate over the storage cycle time period, which does not correspond with the realistic application. The limited application of classical inventory models was the motivating factor for this study as it deals with all data, whether specified or not in the inventory management process. Moreover, it takes into account all cases that the demand for inventory can go through, ranging from the cessation of demand for some stored materials to demand that exceeds the values ​​provided by the real study. Through this study, we developed mathematical relationships that we used to determine the necessary quantities of each of the materials to be stored based on the rate of demand and provide us with results that are more accurate. These results that can be utilized to store many materials in appropriate quantities and available volume, ensure that there is no shortage during the storage cycle period, and enables us to calculate all the necessary costs, which will achieve great profits.

Towards Small AoI and Low Latency via Operator Content Platform: A Contract Theory-Based Pricing

Increasing demands of multimedia contents brings a great profit to the content providers, but also a challenge of how to efficiently delivery contents to make users have a good Quality of Experience (QoE). Take the advantage of owning wireless infrastructures, the telco operator is motivated to build a content platform for entering the market of content. In this paper, we consider a content platform belonging to the telco operator, which can provide periodically-updated contents with small Age of Information (AoI), namely, fresh contents. The content update consumes radio resource resulting in a trade-off between the AoI and the latency. We adopt the contract theory to monetize contents considering the above two factors in a realistic asymmetric information scenario. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the feasibility of the contract. We further propose the optimal update schemes and the corresponding fees, which maximizes the utility of the operator. Simulation reveals that the proposed contract enables the users, who attach importance to the freshness, to obtain frequently updating contents.

Analysis of the economic viability of organic production system of ornamental pineapple plants for cut stems

Abstract The growth of Brazilian floriculture is remarkable, both in terms of the number of producers and the cultivated area. To reduce costs and add value, the organic production of ornamental pineapple plants is an option for some consumer markets. This study was carried at the Fundação José Carvalho, municipality of Entre Rios (Bahia State), Brazil, to evaluate the economic viability of the organic production of ornamental pineapple plants, as well as to analyze the economic factors from implantation of the crop to the final production phase. Primary and secondary data collection (technical coefficients and prices) was carried out, which allowed updating the value of these coefficients. After determining the technical coefficients, input prices and product prices were surveyed and were inserted in spreadsheets of production cost and profitability. Data processing and profitability analysis were carried out under deterministic and risk conditions. The organic cultivation system for ornamental pineapples proved to be economically viable, providing greater profitability and production of stems, which is the product of interest.

A STUDY ON THE PREFERRED INVESTMENT ROUTES OF SALARIED PERSON OF CAPITAL OF ASSAM, INDIA

Investment is an action that is occupied with by individuals who have savings for example Investments are produced using reserve funds, or all in all individuals contribute their savings. Assortments of venture choices are accessible like Gold, Real Estate, and Deposit Schemes offered by Bank, Mutual Funds, and National Savings Certificate and so on. Financial backers are putting away their cash with the various objectives like benefit, security, appreciation, Income soundness. Researcher has concentrated on the various roads of ventures just as the elements while choosing the Investment with the example size of 100 salaried individuals by directing the overview through poll in Guwahati, Assam, India. The review depends on close to personal meetings with Salaried Person, utilizing an organized survey. All things considered, the current review recognizes the favored venture roads among the singular financial backers utilizing self evaluation test. The review depends on essential wellsprings of information which are gathered by conveyance of a nearby finished survey. The information has been dissected utilizing Percentage, Chi-square test, and Person Correlation Coefficient with the assistance of SPSS Software. The Researcher has broken down that Salaried People think about the security just as great profit from venture on standard premise.

Share price behavior of Nepalese insurance companies

This research explores the influencing factors of market share price behavior in the Nepalese insurance business. The study focuses on four insurance firms and utilizes a purposive sample approach, yielding a dataset of 40 observations. The research investigates the correlations between significant factors such as dividend payout ratio (DPR), Earnings per share (EPS), price–earnings ratio (PER), dividend per share (DPS), and market price per share (MPS). The data show strong relationships between these characteristics and the MPS. The DPR and MPS have a negative connection, indicating that increased dividend distributions may lead to lower market prices. Positive correlations, on the other hand, are discovered among EPS, PER, DPR, and MPS, indicating that investors appreciate firms with greater profitability, growth prospects, and dividend payments. The research adds to the knowledge of share price behavior in Nepalese insurance firms. However, it is crucial to note that the findings are based on small sample size and may not apply to other sectors or countries. To fully understand the factors determining market pricing, future research should investigate increasing the sample size and including longitudinal approaches. These results have practical ramifications for investors, insurers, and politicians. Understanding share price behavior allows stakeholders to make educated choices about investment strategies, financial performance assessment, and policy creation to improve economic performance and shareholder value in Nepal's insurance business.

PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PASAMAN PIZZA MELALUI ANALISIS SWOT


 One of the growing businesses in West Pasaman is the Pizza business "Pasaman Pizza" where this business starts from the ambition to open a business with great profits, acceptable to the surrounding community and can develop to include outside West Pasaman. For this reason, "Pasaman Pizza" as a business in the culinary field that provides pizza variants in accordance with consumer interests. The purpose of this study is to use a SWOT analysis to determine the development of the Pasaman Pizza business. The data was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method called SWOT analysis. According to the findings, Pasaman Pizza should improve its social media marketing efforts, open new branches to expand its business, and continue to prioritize taste, good customer service, and innovative marketing. Given Pasaman Pizza's strengths and opportunities, it's possible that, despite its flaws and threats, Pasaman Pizza will be an excellent business prospect to run and develop.
 
 
 
 
 
 

ANÁLISIS DE EXPRESIÓN DE GENES CODIFICANTES DE ISOENZIMAS DE RAMNOGALACTURONANO LIASA DURANTE EL DESARROLLO Y LA MADUREZ DEL FRUTO DE TOMATE

Tomato cultivation generates great profits for Mexico; however, the distribution of the fruit faces limitations due to the postharvest losses caused by its rapid deterioration. The reduction in fruit firmness is due in part to the degradation of pectin located in the primary cell wall. Several fruits such as strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) show an increase in the expression of genes that code for the enzyme rhamnogalacturonan lyase (RGL) during ripening. In tomato RGL is encoded by a family of 13 multigenes, of which three are active in the fruit. Rhamnogalacturonan l (RG-l) is a polysaccharide that is part of the pectins of the cell wall and is degraded by the RGL enzyme. Thus, the study of changes of RGL in the expression of genes that code for RGL during the development and ripening of tomato fruit will help to elucidate the physiological function of this family of genes. The objective of the present study was to assess the expression profile of genes Solyc04g076630, Solyc04g076660 and Solyc11g011300 and the ethylene production during the development and ripening of the tomato fruit. The Solyc11g011300 gene showed an increase in activity that correlated with the increase in ethylene production in fruits, suggesting that this gene plays a role in the loss of firmness of the fruit during ripening. The high levels of expression of genes Solyc04g076630 and Solyc04g076660 recorded during fruit development suggest their participation in the re-engineering of the RG-I polymer during the initial stages of fruit development.

RESEARCH OF OPERATION TECHNOLOGY OF HEAVY LOADS PROCESSING POINTS

Target. The transportation of oversized and heavy cargo is considered one of the most important transport services that bring the greatest profit. This requires powerful equipment and highly qualified specialists. The modern system of organizing transportation provides for the acceptance and delivery of small shipments of heavy cargo yards, during which each shipment can be reloaded several times at the cargo sites. Despite the relatively average transportation distances within Ukraine, the number of processing can reach 3 times, and the time spent at such sites is several days. Therefore, an increase in the delivery time for heavy small consignments arises due to their long stay at the cargo yards. Improvement of the technology of cargo yards and their technical equipment is of paramount importance for improving the organization of transportation of heavy cargo by small consignments. Methods. Comprehensive analysis of technical equipment and technology of work of points for processing heavy cargo on railway transport, statistical analysis, mathematical theory of inventory management, methods of correlation analysis. Results. The analysis of the technology and technical equipment of heavy cargo handling points is carried out, recommendations for their improvement are given. The nature of the arrival of vehicles on the cargo front has been studied, the mode of using loading and unloading machines has been studied, and a method for optimizing the technical equipment of the cargo front has been provided. The method for determining the optimal capacity of sites for heavy cargo has been improved. Practical significance. The studies carried out have shown that there are reserves for improving the transportation of goods by heavy small shipments through the development and application of optimal technology. The main direction in reducing the idle time of wagons is to optimize the processes of handling heavy cargo: increasing the capacity of technical equipment, improving the system of operational planning and management of the operation of points for processing heavy cargo. The application of the methodology makes it possible to evaluate various options for technical equipment at reduced costs, to calculate the optimal capacity of processing points for local and transit heavy cargo using the mathematical theory of inventory management and methods of correlation analysis. The task of drawing up an optimal operational plan for sorting heavy cargo is reduced to a linear programming transport problem and is solved with the help of computer technology.

Technical and financial feasibility for intensification of the extensive shrimp farming area in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

AbstractEngineering design studies and financial feasibility assessments were made for construction, maintenance, equipment, operations, loan requirement, shrimp sales and predicted cash flows for simulated transformations of extensive shrimp farms to intensive shrimp farms in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Farms with less than 2.8 ha of feed‐based, aerated production ponds would not be profitable at shrimp yields less than 5 t/ha/year. Profit projections increased in response to greater production area on farms and larger annual pond yields. Farms with 6 ha or more of production ponds and yields of 10 t/ha/year or more had the best profit potential. Greater profitability at higher production intensity resulted from a reduction in the labour cost/product weight ratio as yield per unit area increased. Transformation from extensive to intensive farms would allow greater shrimp production, increase worker income and lessen land and water use. Environmental benefits would include a reduction in sediment starvation of the Mekong Delta, and the option to restore some of the several hundred thousand hectares of mangrove area severely degraded by extensive shrimp farming. These two improvements would be of benefit in retarding erosion along the Mekong Delta coastline. The possibility of intensification and consolidation of the shrimp farming area in the Mekong Delta deserves further consideration.

Lessons from the Japanese ninja: on achieving a higher trade equilibrium under anarchy and private constitutions

This paper investigates the possibility of anarchy achieving a high trade equilibrium via the example of ninja communities in Japan. Initially, ninjas in the mountainous regions of Iga and Kōka were stateless, constantly feuded, and had few opportunities for exchange. With the advent of civil war in the sixteenth century, ninjas’ economic conditions changed. The mercenary market significantly expanded and presented great profit opportunities for the ninjas. However, instead of creating a formal government to move to a higher trade equilibrium, the ninjas resorted to forming voluntary confederations held together by private constitutions. I argue that this development was possible because the institutional environment of the Sengoku period enabled a framework of self-governing institutions and principles. The ninjas were able to build on this framework with very low organizational costs. As a result, the ninjas were able to reap large economic gains on the mercenary market while remaining stateless—a seemingly paradoxical development that goes against the standard dichotomy of “states and thick markets” versus “anarchy and thin markets.”

A novel underfill-SOC based charging pricing for electric vehicles in smart grid

With the advanced communication, computation, control and manufacturing technologies, electric vehicles have been extensively developed to improve the utilization of clean energy and reduce emissions. Despite the tremendous advantages, the rapidly growing of deploying electric vehicles will bring new insecurities, such as disorderly charging behaviors, which affect the stability of the smart grid. Although considerable efforts on charging schedules have been developed to improve energy utilization and reduce load fluctuation in the smart grid, the profits of utility company have not been investigated. In addition, most of these schemes also lead to inefficient battery utilization, i.e., electric vehicles usually charge while their batteries still have a lot of energy left. To address these issues, in this paper, a novel underfill-SOC based charging pricing (USoCP) scheme is proposed for electric vehicles in smart grid, which can achieve great battery utilization, as well as guarantee great profits of utility company and load balance of the whole grid. Particularly, via introducing the Logistic function into charging pricing determination, the proposed USoCP scheme can effectively improve the underfill state of charge (underfill-SOC) for battery charging, thereby improving the battery utilization. Meanwhile, to reduce the load fluctuation and guarantee great profits of utility company, a charging price based demand-response model is conducted to determine the effective charging power quantity, and a charging pricing determination model is formalized as an optimization problem to reduce the peak-to-average ratio of power load and guarantee great electricity selling profits of utility company. Finally, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based solution is proposed to solve the optimization problem and determine the effective charging price for electric vehicles. Via extensive evaluations, the results show that the proposed USoCP scheme can effectively stimulate electric vehicles to charge more energy in each battery charging (i.e., improving the battery utilization), reduce peak power load, as well as guarantee great profits of utility company.

Зернова продуктивність сої за різних систем обробітку ґрунту у Західному регіоні України

The purpose of research is determination of an effective soil cultivation method that will create favorable soil conditions for plant growth and development, accumulation of crop seeds and provides high economic efficiency of culture growing on sod-podzolic soils in the Western region of Ukraine. Research methods - hypothesis, experiment, field observation, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation. Research results. The scheme of the experiment involved studying the impact on yield and efficiency of soybean cultivation of the following factors: – factor A (soil type): a) turf deeply gley sandy; b) sod-slightly podzolic sandy loam; – factor B (tillage): a) traditional (plowing with a reversible mounted plow PON-5/4 to a depth of 25 cm); b) mulching (disking in two tracks with a harrow BDV-3.6 to a depth of 15 cm). The plow and the disc harrow were aggregated with HTZ-150 K tractors According to the quality scores, the turf deeply gleyed sandy soil of plot I by all criteria prevails over similar parameters of sod-slightly podzolic sandy soil of plot II, which indicates its higher fertility. The agrochemical score of the soil in plot I is 56 and is higher than in plot II, where it is equal to 37 points. In the area and density of the stem in the gathering period was 1.7-1.9 pcs./m2 greater compared to this indicator in the II site. On the site and plants grew better and evolved. Biological yield on the site and amounted to 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was greater than in the II region by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of research, deterioration of grain performance in variant with mulk treatment is also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional treatments was 13.6 % and 12.0 % more comparable to variants of mulum grinding. In section I, the density of stems during the harvest period was 1.7-1.9 units/m2 higher compared to this indicator in section II. In the area I plants grew and developed better. Biological yield in plot I was 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was higher than in plot II by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of the research, the deterioration of grain productivity indicators in the variant with mulching was also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional tillage was 13.6% and 12.0% higher compared to mulching options. According to research, it can be stated that soil fertility has a greater impact on soybean grain productivity than tillage systems. The costs of growing soybeans, depending on the type and mechanical composition of the soil and the method of tillage ranged from 18860 to 19735 UAH / ha. Higher tillage costs were obtained in section I, which was characterized by heavier mechanical composition of gley soils. However, the soils of plot I have higher fertility and optimal acidity, which allowed to obtain higher grain productivity than in plot II – 1.77-1.01 t/ha against 1.25-1.40 t/ha. Due to higher yields, the unit cost of production in section I was 9818-10765 UAH/t and was lower by 4019-4323 UAH/t compared to section II. Conclusions. The use of traditional tillage requires higher costs, but due to higher yields, and hence the growth of income from the sale of seeds, greater profits and the level of profitability of production. Therefore, it should be noted that in the conditions of Western Ukraine, the traditional method of tillage based on plowing is a more effective method than mulching.

PERAMALAN VOLATILITAS DAN ESTIMASI VALUE AT RISK (VaR) SAHAM BLUE CHIP PADA SEKTOR PERBANKAN

Investment is an activity to invest an asset to obtain a greater profit. The investment there's in great demand by investors are stock investments. Based on market capitalization, stocks are classified into first-tier, second-tier, and third-tier stocks. Stocks that have the highest market capitalization are first-tier or blue-chip stocks. Blue-chip stocks are stocks that are classified as main shares on the listing board on the IDX. Before investing, it's important to know the level of investment risk in order to make the right investment decisions. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk of investing in blue-chip stocks namely BRI, BCA, and Bank Mandiri through volatility forecasting using the GARCH, EGARCH, or TGARCH models. The data used is the daily closing price of shares for the period of 25 May 2005 to 21 May 2021 which was obtained through the Yahoo Finance website. Based on the research results, it's known that Bank Mandiri has the highest investment risk and BCA has the lowest investment risk. Based on these results, it can be suggested that investors who like risk can choose to invest in Bank Mandiri shares, and those who don't like risk can invest in BCA shares.

Smart Chicken Coop Control and Monitoring System Design Automatically with Smartphone Notifications

Technological developments and industrial automation encourage humans to meet their needs quickly. So that robotics technology was developed to help ease human work in the future. The chicken breeder is a business that has great profit prospects because the consumption of chicken meat in the community increases every year. It takes good management of chicken farmers so that farmers can get good harvests. In this study, the author designed a monitoring system to monitor conditions in the chicken coop such as temperature, light, feeding, and drinking. The smart chicken coop system that the author designed uses Smartphone notifications so that the condition of the chicken coop can be viewed and controlled using a smartphone via the internet/wifi network.

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in a Dynamic Flux: Implications for Magnetic Hyperthermia-Controlled Fluid Viscosity

Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) is the phenomenon of increasing the temperature of a system with magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) subjected to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). This phenomenon occurs as the energy from the magnetic field is transformed into heat by mechanical (Brownian relaxation) and/or magnetic (Néel relaxation) magnetization reversal. In this work, we developed an experimental setup to test the use of MH for industrial applications. The liquid’s viscosity decreases as the temperature increases, and liquids with high viscosity are present in several industries (e.g., O&G, pharmaceutical, chemical, and food), where a reduction in viscosity can translate into lower costs and greater profitability, for instance, in some industries, by decreasing the pressure drop and hence increasing the flow rate and in others by avoiding problems that occur at low temperature. Our pilot apparatus was built to investigate the hyperthermia effect when a mixture of viscous liquids and NPs, with an average size of 8 nm (transmission electron microscopy), flows through an AMF. In this study, three different configurations were tested, two static, with mixture samples of 1 and 100 mL, and one under dynamic flowing conditions. Two important results should be highlighted: (1) static experiments with 1 and 100 mL had similar SAR [W/g] values, demonstrating the viability of scaling up and (2) there was an increase in the temperature of the colloid flowing through the AMF. It was therefore possible to observe a clear increase in the liquid’s temperature when subjected to an AMF, for all condition cases. The results suggest that this technology can be applied on an industrial scale by optimizing the coils and NP properties.

Carbon emissions and firm performance: A matter of horizon, materiality and regional specificities

The relationship between environmental and financial performance has been a source of great debate. While some scholars have exerted that enhanced environmental performance should generate competitive advantages and thus greater profitability, others have argued that the cost burden would not be offset by corporations. In this study, I reexamined the impact of carbon emission performance (CEP) on corporate financial performance (CFP) by studying the moderating effect of CFP horizon, CEP materiality and regional attributes. Using an international sample of firms between 2015 and 2020, the results suggested that (1) short-term CFP was negatively affected by CEP and (2) solely high materiality firms would derive heightened CFP in the long run. While the former finding was exacerbated for high materiality firms and those operating in regions with more stringent regulations, the latter was driven mainly by North American corporations. Thus, materiality appeared to reconcile diverging expectations of scholars regarding the CEP-CFP relationship. The findings reported in this study were robust to firm-year effects as well as endogeneity issues.

Production costs, economic viability, and risks associated with compost bedded pack, freestall, and drylot systems in dairy farms

The adoption of intensive production systems, such as compost bedded pack (CB) and freestall (FS), has increased recently in tropical regions, mainly replacing the drylot system (DL). Thus, our objectives were to compare production costs, economic outcomes, and risk of dairy operations in CB, FS, and DL systems. We collected data from 2 181 Brazilian farms over 120 consecutive months; 960 farms (144 CB, 133 FS, and 683 DL) met our selection criteria. All costs were modeled for two animal production categories: milking cows and non-milking animals. We used a regression model that included linear and quadratic parameters, and we added the production system as a fixed variable for all parameters tested with this model. Consultant, year, herd, and herd × system interaction were included in the model as random variables. Further, we simulated annual technical and economic indexes per farm. In addition, we developed a risk analysis to measure the probability of negative profit of the farms based on a 14-year historical series of milk prices. All production costs were affected by the system. Feed, medicine, sundry, and labor costs per farm per year were greater in DL farms when milk yield (MY) was greater than 3 500 L/day. The variables such as milk yield, assets per liter, asset turnover rate, return on assets, operational profit, profit per cow, and per liter of milk variables were greater in CB and FS with high MY (>3 000 L/day). Nonetheless, DL had the greatest economic indexes with a lower MY (<3 000 L/day), lower operating costs, and greater economic outcomes. The risk analysis indicated that the probability of negative profit (risk) was reduced for CB and FS as MY increased, but DL had the lowest risk with low MY levels. In conclusion, we suggest DL as the most attractive system for farms with MY between 150 and 3 000 L of milk/day as the DL had the lowest risk and the greatest profit in this production scale. Despite similar outcomes for CB and FS in most of the farms, the profit per cow ($/year), assets turnover rate (%), risk (%) and expected profit ($/L) analysis indicated that CB could be recommended for farms with MY greater than 3 200 L of milk/day, whereas based on risk (%) and expected profit ($/L), FS would be the most profitable system in dairies producing more than 8 000 L of milk/day per farm.

Historical perspective and new avenues to control the myiasis-causing fly Cochliomyia hominivorax in Uruguay

‘Mosca de la bichera’ or simply ‘bichera’ are common names given in Uruguay and the region to the primary myiasis-causing species Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World Screwworm (NWS) fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Myiasis happens when dipteran larvae infest live animals at least during some developmental phase to feed on host’s flesh and fluids. For the NWS fly it is mandatory that all three larvae phases develop on living tissues of warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. Unsurprisingly, this parasitic behavior causes great profit losses to the livestock industry and is also considered a neglected public health issue. NWS is endemic from the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, but has been eradicated from North and Central America through a Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) based Area Wide – Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM) program that lasted more than 50 years. Since 2004, a permanent barrier is actively maintained in Darien, along the Panama-Colombian border, by releasing 14 million sterile flies per week to avoid reintroductions. Due to its direct and indirect impact on the national economy, the logistic complexity and the cost of SIT control programs, much discussion is underway in Uruguay about NWS fly eradication. Direct economic losses due to myiasis in Uruguay oscillate between USD 40 and 154 million annually (i.e., between 2-8% of livestock Gross Domestic Product, GDP). Currently, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN/International Atomic Energy Agency (FAO/IAEA) and the US Department of Agriculture/Panama United States Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworm/ Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries (USDA/COPEG/MGAP) have been working on eradication proposals for Uruguay. Cost-benefit analysis of each group concluded that a net present value of around USD 98 million and USD 146 million could be achieved, respectively, supporting the positive impact of NWS fly eradication at local farmers and the whole livestock sector levels. The main challenge of this endeavor is to find a way to keep the myiasis-free status of Uruguay in case that its neighbors, Argentina and Brazil, do not engage in a similar program, at least for their southernmost region. Here we review the bulk of bibliography produced since the beginning of NWS eradication programs in North America during the 40s decade, its life cycle and parasitic lifestyle as well as many aspects of its population genetics and ecology. We further discuss promising biotechnological approaches under active development based on transgenesis and CRISPR/Cas genome-editing, that are considered the new avenue in insect-control strategies. Balance among innovation and regulation framework is considered based on lessons learned. Currently, a CRISPR/Cas gene editing strategy for gene drive is being investigated in Uruguay, a development conducted with national funds, what guarantees its complete control and local institutions, authorities and ultimately livestock producers can be the biotechnology owners. Finally, we highlight the know-how that will be generated opening the possibility to locally develop new genetic-based control strategies for other parasites and/or vector insects of high veterinary and public health relevance.

Choosing a Price and Cost Combination—The Role of Correlation

Often, firms can choose from different combinations of price and cost processes. For example, they can choose between different production locations or technologies, between different products to produce, or between different locations for selling them. To study the choice of the optimal combination, we return to themodel that was developed by Dixit and Pindyck, where both output price and production cost are stochastic processes, and add a novel focus on how the correlation between these processes affects the firm’s decision. We find that, ceteris paribus, the firm prefers the combination with the lowest correlation between the processes, as it seeks a greater profitability variance which maximizes its value.