Greater Perception Research Articles

Knowledge and Decision-Making among Israeli Dentists Treating Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

To assess decision making process and knowledge level of dentists treating children with type 1 diabetes. Cross-sectional survey among dentistry residents and dental specialists working in clinics that provide dental care to children with type 1 diabetes. A total of 166 respondents were included. 42% of respondents perceived that they have sufficient knowledge to treat children with diabetes, in correlation with an average score of 1.9 out of 4 on knowledge questions. Over 80% of dentists decided to treat patients by consulting with the treating physician or by checking HbA1c and glucose blood levels independently. Greater knowledge was associated with a significantly higher tendency of the dentists to determine if the child's diabetes is controlled, and to refer less often to the hospital. Furthermore, greater knowledge was also associated with dentists' greater perception that they have enough knowledge, skills and confidence to treat children with diabetes. The study revealed significant gaps in the knowledge on diabetes among dentists who provide dental care to children. Dentists, pediatricians, endocrinologists, and other healthcare professionals who provide care for children should be encouraged to collaborate to create a mutual knowledgeable work environment for delivering best care to their patients.

Linguistic framing effects in business and refugee aid contexts: A replication and extension of Cooley et al. (2017).

Cooley et al. (2017) found that subtle shifts in linguistic framing can enhance the amount of "mind" perceived in a target, and in turn increase feelings of sympathy toward that target. The four studies reported here evaluated whether these findings generalize to different populations and contexts. The first two studies served as conceptual replications in a different participant population (university students, instead of mTurk workers), and found results largely consistent with Cooley et al.'s (2017): the group composition frame ("15 individuals who work for a small accounting company") evoked greater perceptions of experience and agency, and more sympathy for the target, than the group frame ("a small accounting company comprising 15 people"). Studies 3 and 4 tested whether the group composition technique would lead to similar persuasive outcomes (increased mind perception, helping, and donations) in a refugee aid context and found only limited evidence that it might. These inconclusive findings were likely complicated by both the liberal skew of the sample and the strong impact of political identity on responses to the politically charged topic of refugees. For the purposes of practical application, an expanded understanding of boundary effects can help provide a better sense of when, why, and on whom the use of adjusted linguistic frames is most likely to be effective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Burnout and Cognitive Functioning: Are We Underestimating the Role of Visuospatial Functions?

Job burnout is a psychological syndrome which results from chronic occupational stress and cognitive impairments are among its negative consequences. The demands of the COVID-19 pandemic have challenged the healthcare system increasing the risk of job burnout among healthcare professionals. The studies conducted so far have mainly focused on the effects of job burnout on executive functions. Visuospatial functions are a cognitive domain which plays an important role in healthcare workers' optimal performance. Healthcare workers are constantly relying on their visuospatial abilities in order to care for their patients as they are required to use techniques that involve manipulation of medical instruments, they need to have excellent hand-eye coordination and great perception of spatial anatomy, factors that can affect healthcare workers' performance is of significance and can put patient safety at risk. However, our understanding of how visuospatial functions are being affected in job burnout is limited. The scope of this mini-review is to examine the evidence concerning the relationship of job burnout with visuospatial functions. The sparsity of the relevant empirical evidence does not allow for definite conclusions. However, given the implications of diminished visuospatial abilities in patient safety we highlight the need for studies exploring the effects of job burnout on visuospatial functions. Limitations of studies are discussed.

Concordância da autopercepção da imagem corporal com a análise de imagem corporal tridimensional de adolescentes

Abstract Objectives: to verify the agreement among adolescents’ perception of their own body image and the health professionals’ analysis based on three-dimensional body image and the inter-rater agreement. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,662 adolescents, aged 18 to 19 years old, from the 1997/98 birth cohort in São Luís, Maranhão. Self-perception of body image was assessed using the Stunkard’s body image scale. Three nutritionists evaluated the three-dimensional body image obtained by the Photonic Scanner (3D Body Scanner) and classified according to the Stunkard’s scale. The agreement between raters was verified by using weighted Kappa. Results: the analysis of agreement between raters in the general group and when stratified by sexwas considered moderate to good by Kappa. Regarding the intraclass correlation (ICC), good and excellent correlation values were observed both in the general group, males and females. There was a greater perception of overweight by all raters, when compared with the adolescents’ self-assessments. When stratified by sex, examiner 1 had the same perception as male self-assessments, as for females the perception of overweight was more frequent, as well as raters 2 and 3, for both sexes. Conclusion: agreement between raters and self-assessments was considered weak/moderate in Kappa and good/excellent in ICC.

The Role of Consumers’ Individual Differences and Perceived Product Quality in Sustainable Luxury Marketing: An Experimental Study in a Social Media Context

Sustainability has become a central issue for luxury marketers and managers. By considering the luxury sector, consumers are more interested in buying sustainable products. However, luxury brands need to find the right way to communicate their sustainable products, especially in the online context. This paper sheds light on the differentiated effect of a luxury product communication message focused on an internalized versus externalized luxury approach in social media platforms context. Internalized luxury refers to luxury consumption mainly driven by individual style, while externalized luxury consumption refers to luxury consumption mainly driven by status. Results show that a sustainable luxury product communication focused on internalized (vs. externalized) luxury activates a greater perception of product quality, which in turn leads to a greater intention to buy. Theoretical contributions and implications for luxury brand managers are discussed.

Abstract P5-14-20: Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) during COVID-19: Single institution survey of patients’ perspectives

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in a global pandemic, which led to deferral of surgeries for early stage breast cancer during March - June 2020. Institutional guidelines were developed to use neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) as a bridge to surgery. As a follow up to initial data presented at SABCS 2020 demonstrating patient acceptance of NET, the present study provides results from a survey which explored psychosocial factors associated with medication compliance. Objective: Primary objective was to identify any barriers to compliance with NET. Method: This was a single institution, prospective study that surveyed patients diagnosed with DCIS and early stage breast cancer at Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Hospital and NYU Langone Hospital - Long Island from March 15, 2020 - June 1, 2020. Questions were based on the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire specific for endocrine therapy (BMQ-AET) and the Medication Adherence Report Scale. Responses were recorded on a Likert scale and included 7 questions regarding perceptions about breast cancer treatment, 10 questions addressing experience with NET, and 5 questions gauging at adherence to NET. Inclusion criteria were males and females older than 18 years old, with an initial diagnosis of DCIS or early stage HR+ Her2/neu- breast cancer, who were prescribed NET. Descriptive statistics were calculated and subgroups were compared using Fisher’s exact tests. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. Results: From March 15 - June 1, 2020, 13 patients were diagnosed with DCIS and 29 patients with HR+ Her2/neu- breast cancer for whom NET was recommended. Demographics are shown in Table 1. All 42 patients were female with an average age of 60.9 years. Majority of patients were post-menopause (74%) and predominantly white (64%), with an income of less than $60,000 (52.4%). Average NET duration was 6.7 weeks. Survey responses displayed in Table 2 indicate statistically significant p values in bold. Patients >50 years old, post-menopause and invasive breast cancer had a stronger belief that NET would be helpful, resulting in greater perception to breast cancer treatment and higher adherence to NET. Patients treated with NET for greater than 4 weeks also felt that NET would make them feel well compared to ≤4 weeks. Interestingly, no significant differences in responses based on education or income level were observed. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique opportunity to use NET, which is often underutilized outside of clinical trials. In this single institution prospective study, we found that post-menopause patients greater than 50 years old with invasive breast cancer perceived hormonal therapy as beneficial to their health, resulting in increased medication compliance. These findings can be used when counseling patients currently treated with NET as well as those patients may be appropriate for NET in the post-COVID era. Table 1.Demographics of early stage breast cancer patients diagnosed during COVID-19.DCIS (n=13)Invasive Breast Cancer (n=29)Total (n=42)Menopause Status (n, %)Pre-menopause7 (53.8)4 (13.8)11 (26.2)Post-menopause6 (46.2)25 (86.2)31 (73.8)Diagnosis (n, %)Self-Palpated06 (20.7)6 (14.3)Screening13 (100)23 (79.3)36 (85.7)Age (n, %)≤504 (30.8)4 (13.8)8 (19)50+9 (69.2)25 (86.2)34 (80.9)Average Age (range)54.9 (40 – 72)63.6 (32 – 85)60.9 (32 – 85)Race (n, %)White7 (53.8)20 (69%)27 (64.3)Non-White6 (46.2)9 (31%)15 (35.7)Education (n, %)K-121 (7.7)6 (20.7)7 (16.7)College and Graduate12 (92.3)23 (79.3)35 (83.3)Income (n, %)$0 – $60,0005 (38.5)17 (58.6)22 (52.4)$>60,0017 (53.8)12 (41.3)19 (45.2)No response1 (7.7)01 (2.4)NET in Weeks (n, %)≤45 (38.5)7 (24.1)12 (28.6)4+8 (61.5)22 (75.9)30 (71.4) Table 2.Perceptions of breast cancer and hormonal therapy.Perceptions About Hormonal TherapyPerceptions About Breast Cancer TreatmentAdherence To Hormonal TherapyMy health at present depends on me taking hormone treatment (p-value)Hormone treatment is a mystery to me (p-value)My health in the future will depend on me taking hormone treatment (p-value)Taking hormone treatment makes me feel I am taking positive steps to remain well (p-value)How much do you feel that your current hormone therapy can help? (p-value)How much do you feel that you need your current hormone therapy? (p-value)I miss out on a dose (p-value)I stop taking medication for a while (p-value)Age >50 vs. ≤500.04020.56510.00580.08330.04770.87370.04831.0000Post-Menopause vs. Pre-Menopause0.00330.02720.00530.13380.00060.24520.01661.0000Invasive vs. DCIS0.00381.00000.00450.16480.01810.00011.00000.0133Non-White vs. White0.47420.04340.76400.05220.91430.77730.61280.1369Duration of NET: ≤4 vs. >4 weeks0.43190.49971.00000.02840.11390.75430.05220.8833Screening vs. Self-Palpated0.51100.02560.62571.00000.44230.05930.47760.6353K-12 vs. College/Graduate0.43660.65400.16151.00000.41450.67531.00000.8321Income: ≤$60,000 vs. >$60,0000.54590.27860.59900.85690.09530.07000.78980.0581 Citation Format: Julie Huang, Joshua Feinberg, Meredith Akerman, Anthony Pasquarella, Abhinav Rohatgi, Bahram Dabiri, Jordan Baum, Shubhada Dhage, Amber Guth, Nina D'Abreo. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) during COVID-19: Single institution survey of patients’ perspectives [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-20.

Factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among U.S. physicians during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 global pandemic impacted the mental health of frontline workers of all disciplines across the world. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective and risk factors associated with depression scores (PHQ-9) and anxiety scores (GAD-7) of physicians practicing within the United States during the earliest phase of the pandemic. Anonymous online survey data was collected from 1,724 U.S. physicians between April – June of 2020 for this cross-sectional observational study. Recruitment was conducted via email and social media outlets. Multiple linear regression with multiple imputation of missing data was used to explore associations between each risk factor and outcome measure (PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores). Worry related to COVID-19 was associated with greater depression and anxiety scores. COVID-related changes (i.e. decreased exercise, increased alcohol intake, and decreased sleep) were each associated with greater mean depression and anxiety scores. Greater perception of employer support was associated with lower mean depression and anxiety scores while greater increase in telehealth usage was associated with greater mean depression and anxiety scores. Identification of protective and risk factors associated with depression and anxiety remains important to consider as the global pandemic continues to evolve, and healthcare workers continue to face ongoing stressors within the occupational setting.

Why do students in psychological distress not use psychological care?

It is well established that some students face psychological difficulties, such as feelings of distress, major depressive episodes, and/or suicidal risk. This study aimed to shed light on students' use of psychological care and the reasons for nonuse among students facing these troubles and, by controlling the socionormative context in which students were interviewed, the role of knowledge about these psychopathologies and the severity and comorbidity of their disorders. In total, 316 students previously diagnosed for distress, major depression, or suicidal thoughts or behaviors were interviewed by peers in a door-to-door procedure about their use of psychological care and the reasons for their nonuse. The results confirmed the low use rate of psychological care in this clinical population (i.e., 8.23%). Students' knowledge about these psychological troubles improved the use of psychological care, as well as the perception of a need for use if care was not used. However, better knowledge was also associated with greater perceptions of structural barriers (e.g., not knowing where to go). These results support the need for psychoeducational programs that deepen knowledge about psychopathologies and also facilitate access to psychological care services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Satisfaction with Medications Prescribed for Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Patients and Their Physicians in the United States.

IntroductionSatisfaction with medications prescribed for osteoarthritis (OA) varies; this study aimed to determine the factors associated with satisfaction in US patients and their physicians.MethodsThis point-in-time study used the Adelphi OA Disease Specific Programme (physicians identified from public lists reported on nine consecutive patients diagnosed with OA [any joint]: physicians and patients completed questionnaires). Patient’s demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics associated with patient-reported and physician-rated overall satisfaction with, and expectations of effectiveness of, medication for OA were assessed using multivariate linear regression.ResultsResponses from 572 patients (mean age 64.9 years, 60.5% female) currently prescribed medication for OA and 153 physicians (81 primary care, 35 rheumatologists, 37 orthopedic surgeons) were analyzed. Pain intensity was moderate or severe for 59.4% of patients. Greater patient-reported overall satisfaction with medication was significantly associated with (standardized beta, 95% confidence interval) exercise (0.12, 0.03–0.20), comorbid other musculoskeletal or painful conditions (vs none) (0.15, 0.06–0.24), and physicians’ report that the best control had been achieved (0.12, 0.03–0.20); lack of efficacy was among factors associated with worse satisfaction. Greater patient-reported expectation of effectiveness was significantly associated with exercise (0.12, 0.03–0.21) and the most troublesome joint not being a knee, hip, or their back (0.08, 0.01–0.14). Greater physician-rated overall satisfaction with medication was significantly associated with their report that the best control had been achieved (0.18, 0.11–0.26), the most troublesome joint being a knee (0.08, 0.01–0.14), comorbid other musculoskeletal or painful conditions (0.07, 0.01–0.12), obesity (0.06, 0.00–0.11), and female patients (0.06, 0.00–0.11); lack of efficacy and adverse events/tolerability issues were among factors associated with worse satisfaction. For physicians, their report that the best control had been achieved (0.19, 0.11–0.27), the most troublesome joint being a knee (0.08, 0.00–0.15), improving (vs stable) OA (0.15, 0.07–0.24), and uncertain duration of OA (0.11, 0.02–0.21) were associated with greater perception that the medication was meeting patients’ efficacy expectations.ConclusionAlthough efficacy was strongly associated with both patients’ and physicians’ satisfaction with medication, other factors were also important, including exercise (for patients), tolerability (for physicians), and knee OA (for physicians).Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40122-021-00350-0.

Structure and Texture Preserving Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolution

Real-world image super-resolution (Real-SR) is a challenging task due to the unknown complex image degradation. Recent research on Real-SR has achieved remarkable progress by degradation process modeling; however, there are still undesired structural distortions and over-smoothed textures in the recovered images. In this letter, we propose a structure and texture preserving network, towards reducing the structural distortions while refining the perceptual-pleasant textures. Specifically, we propose a structure tensor (ST) branch to guide the restoration of high-resolution images by extracting channel-aggregated structural information. To further adaptively optimize different local texture, we replace the global discriminator with a global-local discriminator. By “local,” we mean that the discriminator loss, imposed on local areas randomly selected from the generated SR image, is minimized to generate textures with great visual perception in the selected local areas. Experimental results on five real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our methods in restoring structures, generating visually realistic SR images, as well as handling images of different degradation levels.

Saúde bucal: conhecimento dos responsáveis por crianças hospitalizadas com câncer

ABSTRACT Cancer is a disease that has disordered cell growth with the formation of tumors. The most common types of childhood and adolescent childhood cancer are leukemias, tumors of the central nervous system, and lymphomas. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of those responsible for oral health practices and care of children assisted in the Polyclinic of Natal, who underwent antineoplastic treatment. In addition to knowing the main oral health practices performed by those responsible. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in the Natal Polyclinic Unit (Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer), located in Rio Grande do Norte. The sample consisted of 41 questionnaires applied individually to those responsible for the children aged 0 to 12 years who underwent cancer treatment, during March and April 2018. Results: It was found that 51% of the responsible identified some oral health problem in their children, and 43.9% of the children had already been affected by mucositis. Of the 41 hospitalized patients, 90.2% were accompanied by a dental surgeon during the antineoplastic treatment. Conclusion: The responsible ones had a great perception of the children’s oral health problems and knew the importance of the participation of the dentist during the are treatment. There is a need for more research on the subject, to establish a care protocol with oral hygiene of children hospitalized with cancer.

The Variation of Bureaucratic Capacities in the Brazilian Federal Public Administration: an Analysis with Survey Data

Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate the variation in bureaucratic capacities within the Brazilian Federal Public Administration concerning organizations belonging to different policy sectors and verify theoretical propositions in the literature about the relationship between the characteristics of public bureaucracy and state action. For such purposes, data from a questionnaire applied to Brazilian federal civil servants were analyzed using a set of multivariate analysis techniques. The findings indicate that organizations with a greater perception of bureaucratic "weberianess" are correlated with innovative organizations and organizational cultures that restrict corruption. Likewise, organizations with greater bureaucratic autonomy are associated with more effective organizations. However, the observed variation between perceived capabilities and performance did not characterize a clearly identifiable pattern of organization type with public policy sectors. In this sense, the article contributes to the literature by adding nuances to the "islands of excellence" approach by verifying that the asymmetry of capabilities within the Brazilian executive branch is more complex than indicated by previous research.

Perception of bonding and occupational stress in a multidisciplinary cancer patients health team

Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Brazil and one of the positive features in the care of cancer patients is the professional-patient bond; however, due to the complexity of the disease, these professionals may develop occupational stress. This study investigated the perception of the bond and occupational stress of professionals who deal with cancer patients. Forty professionals from the surgical clinic and onco-hematology service at a hospital answered a questionnaire about bonding and stress at work. The results showed a greater perception frequency of the therapeutic bond, the same type identified as ideal. The onco-hematology team exhibited higher scores than the surgical clinic team in the perception of the bond and of the ideal therapeutic bond. The average occupational stress level of the participants was 2.08 (moderate), with no difference between the two teams. The power of health work models that use the bond between health professionals and cancer patients as a care technology stands out.

The Variation of Bureaucratic Capacities in the Brazilian Federal Public Administration: an Analysis with Survey Data

Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate the variation in bureaucratic capacities within the Brazilian Federal Public Administration concerning organizations belonging to different policy sectors and verify theoretical propositions in the literature about the relationship between the characteristics of public bureaucracy and state action. For such purposes, data from a questionnaire applied to Brazilian federal civil servants were analyzed using a set of multivariate analysis techniques. The findings indicate that organizations with a greater perception of bureaucratic "weberianess" are correlated with innovative organizations and organizational cultures that restrict corruption. Likewise, organizations with greater bureaucratic autonomy are associated with more effective organizations. However, the observed variation between perceived capabilities and performance did not characterize a clearly identifiable pattern of organization type with public policy sectors. In this sense, the article contributes to the literature by adding nuances to the "islands of excellence" approach by verifying that the asymmetry of capabilities within the Brazilian executive branch is more complex than indicated by previous research.

Senior Centers and LGBT Participants: Engaging Older Adults Virtually in a Pandemic

Upon the outbreak of COVID-19, recommendations to cease all non-essential in-person social services were mandated across the United States to prevent transmission to non-infected individuals. As a result, approximately 96% of all senior centers in the United States were closed to in-person programming (National Council on Aging, 2020). LGBT older adults in particular were at higher risk of isolation and declines in overall health as they were more likely to live alone, experience loneliness or have less immediate family support systems when compared to non-LGBT older adults (Yang, Chu & Salmon, 2017). The purpose of this presentation is to explore how LGBT older adult participants in senior centers transitioned to virtual programming during the pandemic. Using a risk-resiliency theory framework, the purpose of this presentation is to share the impact of virtual programming on the health and well-being of LGBT community-dwelling older adults. An exploratory, cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing an online survey to understand their needs, concerns and experiences. Participants reported a relatively easy adaptation to technology, steady participation in programs and services, satisfaction with virtual senior center programming and a consistent sense of engagement with their peers. Higher levels of engagement with senior center programs were associated with greater perceptions of social support. Additionally, stronger perceptions of social support and participation in exercise and fitness programming were associated with higher life satisfaction and lesser symptoms of depression and anxiety. Strategies for outreach, engagement and service provision will be presented.

Dementia Care Management: Social Capital for Persons with Dementia that Live Alone

Ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure is associated with white matter injury and cognitive decline in older adults(Chen et al. 2020,Erickson et al. 2020). Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to this white matter injury. Diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP) is a neurotoxic component of AAP.This study characterizes the time course by which neuroinflammation/oxidative stress occurs and results in white matter injury following DE exposure in a murine model. DEP (Sigma) was re-aerosolized for exposure. Mice were exposed to 100 µg/m3 DEP or filtered air (FA) for 5 hours (n=8/group), 100 hours (n=6/group), or 200 hours (n=6/group). Immunohistochemical analysis of degraded myelin basic protein (dMBP), a marker of myelin damage, was performed. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress were assessed by histological analysis of complement C5a, an anaphylatoxin, and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation.dMBP integrated density was increased in the corpus callosum of DEP mice at 5 (p<0.01), 100 (p<0.01), and 200 hours (p<0.001) compared to FA mice.C5a integrated density was increased in the corpus callosum of DEP mice at 5 (p<0.01), 100 (p<0.01), and 200 hours (p<0.01) compared to FA mice. 4-HNE integrated density was increased in the corpus callosum of DEP mice at 5 (p<0.001), 100 (p=0.001), and 200 hours (p<0.001) compared to FA mice. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are upregulated with associated white matter injury in the corpus callosum after 5 hours of DEP exposure.Short-term DEP exposure activates inflammatory/oxidative stress pathways, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of white matter injury.Erickson et al. 2020,PMID:32182984; Chen et al. 2020,PMID:32669395.

Dementia Care Management: Social Capital for Persons with Dementia that Live Alone

Social connections are critical for healthy aging (Ahn et al., 2020). Consistent findings in research for persons with dementia that live alone show that a natural support network is the gold-standard for success, as social capital enhances well-being. Therefore a community-based intervention was piloted as part of a national 'special populations grant' in partnership with the local Meals-on-Wheels program. Dementia care management provided by graduate social work interns sought to provide weekly supportive contacts. Quantitative data was collected at baseline and following the program through administration of standardized measurement tools for "thriving" and for "dementia quality of life." The sample to date (N=33) consists of a majority being white females (82.4%), with additional participants expected as the remaining enrolled complete the program. These early "completers" do not show significant changes in their specific "surviving to thriving" domains, yet they do report greater perceptions of quality in their life as a whole following the dementia care management intervention when comparing post data to their baseline (Chi Square 18.95, p=0.004). To date this intervention continues to be studied and suggests a positive impact is likely for older adults with dementia that live alone, as well as for the communities where they reside.

Views of Aging During the Corona Pandemic

In the Covid-19 pandemic, media stories and government reports have emphasized the heightened risk of being “old” and placed a spotlight on the way we think and talk about older adults and aging. In this symposium we investigate how the pandemic and the public discourse about older adults has shaped views of aging in different countries. Bellingtier et al. report on German children’s views of older adults before and during the pandemic. Children placed greater distance between themselves and older adults both before and after the pandemic, suggesting early ageism in children that predates the pandemic. Levy et al. provide experimental evidence that media stereotypes about aging and Covid-19 influence the mental health of older American adults, both in positive and negative. Schwartz and Ayalon found that greater perceptions of age-based discrimination in the healthcare system by Israeli adults 50+ were significantly related to greater Covid-19 worries. Greater worry can motivate older adults to take precautions, but be detrimental if it becomes too high. In line with this finding, Tingvold et al. found in a study with older adults from Luxembourg that more Covid-19 worry predicted feeling older four months later, but only for those in worse health. Finally, Terracciano examined longitudinal change in subjective age and found that American adults reported feeling younger after the emergence of Covid-19 than before, suggesting that perceptions of aging partly reflect a coping process to counter the negativity in the media.

Entrepreneurship Education and Founding Passion: The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Family Background.

In this paper, we examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion. Despite the advancement of entrepreneurship education literature and the increasing focus on entrepreneurship education in business schools, we lack empirical exploration on how entrepreneurship education can impact students’ passion for founding new organizations. We hypothesize that students who take entrepreneurship classes would develop high levels of founding passion due to a great perception of skills and abilities that increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions about the entrepreneurship process. Moreover, we draw on the literature on role models to suggest that students’ entrepreneurial family background (students whose immediate family members are entrepreneurs) strengthens the influence of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial passion. Utilizing survey data collected from 160 university students, we found that entrepreneurship education positively influences students’ founding passion and that this relationship is strengthened when students have entrepreneurs in their immediate family.

Determinants of timely access to Specialized Mental Health Services and maintenance of a link with primary care: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlthough access to specialized services is one of the main components of the study of paths to mental health care worldwide, the factors related to the continuity of the patient’s link with Primary Care after admission to a Specialized Mental Health Services still need to be explored in greater depth. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the determinants of timely access to Specialized Mental Health Services (outcome 1) and maintenance of a link with Primary Care after patients’ admission (outcome 2).MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study, conducted with 341 users of Specialized Mental Health Services at outpatient and community level in a medium-sized city in Brazil between August and November 2019. Associations between the outcomes and the other variables were explored with the use of Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators.ResultsFactors positively associated with timely access were the diagnosis of psychosis or psychoactive substance misuse. The inversely associated factors with this outcome were higher income, having their need for mental health care identified in an appointment for general complaints, having been referred to the current service by Primary Care, having attended the current service for up to 3 years and delay until the first appointment (in a previous service). Regarding the maintenance of a link with Primary Care, factors positively associated were being referred to the current service by Primary Care or private service and receiving visits from Community Health Agents. The inversely associated factors with this outcome were male sex, being employed, having a diagnosis of psychosis or psychoactive substance misuse, and a greater perception of social support.ConclusionsIn addition to individual factors, factors related to the organization of services and the referral between them stood out in influencing both the access and maintenance of the patients’ link with Primary Care. Thus, this study reinforces the idea that integration between Primary Care and Specialized Mental Health Services should be strengthened, both to reduce waiting times for between-service referrals and benefit of care continuity.