Greater Acid Research Articles

Study on the performance of hydrophilic curing agent and environmentally friendly non-pozzolanic filler for the development of self-curing self-compacting concrete.

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is often used when compaction is difficult, requiring special attention to the curing process. However, traditional curing methods usually fail in practice. Despite taking precise measures to control water evaporation, surface water on vertical structure elements can still be problematic. To address these challenges, this study seeks to investigate the possibility of creating self-curing self-compacting concrete (SCSCC). Since the curing agent used has a significant impact on the production of SCSCC, this study examines the effects of using polyethylene glycol (PEG), a hydrophilic agent, at varying rates of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% on the fresh, hardened, and durability characteristics of the material. Additionally, to improve the sustainability properties of SCSCC, manufactured sand (M-sand) acquired from crushing rocks is used as a filler. Overall, the results indicate that the use of superplasticizer and M-sand is enough to achieve the required flowability for SCC mixtures without requiring specific fillers, and this method is effective in immediately controlling bleeding and segregation while maintaining the necessary compressive strength at all ages. The hardened properties of SCSCC were found to be improved by increasing the PEG content up to 1.5%, with an optimal range of 0.75% superplasticizer. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the self-cured specimen, cured with PEG, has greater acid resistance than the conventionally cured one.

The role of dissolved organic carbon in Great Smoky Mountains National Park streams impacted by long-term acid deposition.

Following reductions in acid deposition in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) since the 2000s, many streams remain acidic and the role of organic acids (OA-) remains unknown due to limited OA- data. This study investigated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations as a surrogate for OA- across GRSM and its relationships with watershed characteristics, seasons, flow, and stream chemistry. Baseflow water samples were collected from seven watersheds for 2years and stormflow samples from three watersheds for 1year. During baseflow, DOC concentrations ranged from < 0.04 to 2.29mg L-1 with watershed medians between 0.61 and 1.00mg L-1. Stormflow DOC concentrations ranged from 1.36 to 5.66mg L-1. During the summer, median DOC concentrations were about twice that of the other three seasons. Stream DOC concentrations decreased with increasing elevation during baseflow but increased with increasing elevation during stormflow. Considering high elevations historically received greater acid deposition, this gradient between baseflow and stormflow suggests higher elevation streams are more impacted by OA-. Based on an OA-/DOC acidity model, it was estimated that during baseflow OA- was a minor contributor to stream acidity, in the order of 5.3 μeq L-1, however stormflow OA- was estimated at 52.5 μeq L-1, contributing to nearly half of stream acidity. Baseflow DOC was significantly correlated with pH and Ca2+, suggesting stream acidification/recovery is governed by base cations and Ca2+ availability. Furthermore, this study provides essential data for future research to evaluate stream DOC trends during acidification recovery and changes in biogeochemical processes.

Dolomite formation in the Miocene Kardiva platform, Maldives archipelago: a tale of closed-system and open-system dolomitization by current pumping of seawater

Dolomites from two IODP Expedition 359 sites on the northeastern margin of the Miocene Kardiva platform, Maldives archipelago, were examined to explore the question of open versus closed system dolomitization in a drowned carbonate platform. The uppermost approx. 130 m of platform margin carbonate at site U1465 contains less than or equal to 12% dolomite except for five, meters-thick intervals with up to 65% dolomite. All U1465 dolomites consists of decimicron-sized euhedral cement crystals and mimetically replaced peloids and coralline red algal clasts. The abundance and the petrographic features of these dolomites are similar to periplatform and slope dolomite in many other settings that have been interpreted as the product of hydrologically closed-system diagenesis. In contrast, the recovered platform margin deposits at site U1469 are greater than 99% dolomite. Those dolomites are partially fabric retentive with fine-to-medium crystalline, planar subhedral to euhedral crystal mosaics of replacive dolomite and dolomite cement, all with Sr contents that average 256 ppm. Their characteristics are comparable to Neogene platform carbonates universally interpreted to signify hydrologically open-system dolomitization. Sr-isotope ages indicate Miocene dolomitization at both sites after platform drowning, and 18Odolomite values are compatible with dolomitization by cold (10⁰ to 15⁰ C) seawater when the platform margin was, on average, approx..400 m below sea level (mbsl). A current pumping mechanism for the advection of seawater into the top of the platform at site U1469 is proposed and tested with a computational fluid-flow simulation. Current pumping occurs when strong ocean bottom currents flow over sedimentary bedforms and generate lateral pressure differences along the sediment-water interface. The pressure differentials drive seawater through the underlying sediments. The flow simulation shows that the ocean currents that swept large sediment sand waves over and off the drowned Kardiva platform for many millions of years could have vigorously pumped Miocene seawater to sub-seafloor depths of many tens of meters . Mass balance considerations suggest complete dolomitization of the upper 20 m of the platform within 500 Ky or less. The current pumping mechanism could drive dolomitization and mineralogical stabilization below hiatal surfaces, or very slowly accumulating sediments, in any marine setting characterized by strong bottom currents. The greater acidity of Mioc ene seawater relative to younger seawater possibly made the pumping, by any means, of Miocene seawater of normal salinity an effective dolomitizing agent at site U1469 and in undrowned Miocene platforms globally.

Generation and characterization of two acid-resistant macrocin O-methyltransferase variants with a higher enzyme activity at 30 °C from Streptomyces fradiae

Tylosin is an important macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae. In the biosynthesis of tylosin, macrocin O-methyltransferase TylF catalyzes the conversion of the side-product tylosin C (macrocin) to the primary component tylosin A (C/A conversion). This conversion is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of tylosin, and affects the quality of the end product. To find a high activity and environment-adapted TylF enzyme, a TylF variant pool has been constructed via protein evolution approach in our previous study (Fan et al., 2023 [41]). In this study, the TylF variants with higher C/A conversion rates were expressed in E. coli and purified. The variants TylFY139F, TylFQ138H, F232Y and TylFT36S, V54A were shown to have a higher C/A conversion rate at 30 °C than that of TylF at 38 °C. Moreover, they had a greater acid resistance and showed more adaptable to the pH change during fermentation. Further protein structural and substrate-binding affinity analyses revealed that the T36S, V54A, Q138H, Y139F, and F232Y mutations enlarged the volume of the substrate-binding pocket, thereby increasing the affinity of enzyme variants for their substrates of SAM and macrocin, and decreasing the inhibition of SAH. Three of the TylF variants were overexpressed in the industrial tylosin-producing S. fradiae strain, and the recombinant strains showed the highest C/A conversion at 30 °C without heating up to 38 °C during the last 24 h of fermentation. This is of great energy-saving significance for tylosin industrial production.

Cs4PMo11VO40-Catalyzed Glycerol Ketalization to Produce Solketal: An Efficient Bioadditives Synthesis Method

In this work, a series of vanadium-substituted phosphomolybdic acids were synthesized and tested as the catalysts for the synthesis of solketal, a green fuel bioadditive, from the condensation reaction of glycerol with acetone. The objective was to demonstrate that an easily synthesizable solid catalyst can efficiently promote glycerol condensation with acetone at room temperature. The activity of pristine heteropolyacid (i.e., H3PMo12O40) and its vanadium-substituted cesium salts (Cs3+nPMo12-nVnO40; n = 0–3) was evaluated in condensation reactions carried out at room temperature. Among the catalysts tested, Cs4PMo11VO40 was the most active and selective towards a five-member ring solketal isomer (dioxolane). A high yield of solketal (i.e., 95% conversion and 95% selectivity to solketal) was achieved in glycerol condensation with acetone at room temperature within a short reaction time (2 h). The influence of the main reaction parameters, such as the acetone–glycerol molar ratio, catalyst load, and reaction temperatures, was investigated. The greatest activity of the Cs4PMo11VO40 catalyst was correlated to its greatest acidity.

Differential mechanism between Listeria monocytogenes strains with different virulence contaminating ready-to-eat sausages during the simulated gastrointestinal tract

Listeria monocytogenes exhibits varying levels of pathogenicity when entering the host through contaminated food. However, little is known regarding the stress response and environmental tolerance mechanism of different virulence strains to host gastrointestinal (GI) stimuli. This study analyzed the differences in the survival and genes of stress responses among two strains of L. monocytogenes 10403S (serotype 1/2a, highly virulent strain) and M7 (serotype 4a, low-virulence strain) during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results indicated that L. monocytogenes 10403S showed greater acid and bile salt tolerance than L. monocytogenes M7, with higher survival rates and less cell deformation and cell membrane permeability during the in vitro digestion. KEGG analysis of the transcriptomes indicated that L. monocytogenes 10403S displayed significant activity in amino acid metabolism, such as glutamate and arginine, associated with acid tolerance. Additionally, L. monocytogenes 10403S demonstrated a higher efficacy in promoting activities that preserve bacterial cell membrane integrity and facilitate flagellar protein synthesis. These findings will contribute valuable practical insights into the tolerance distinctions among different virulence strains of L. monocytogenes in the GI environment.

Probing Local pH Change during Electrode Oxidation of TEMPO Derivative: Implication of Redox-Induced Acidity Alternation by Imidazolium-Linker Functional Groups.

The chemical degradation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-based aqueous energy storage and catalytic systems is pH sensitive. Herein, we voltammetrically monitor the local pH (pHlocal) at a Pt ultramicroelectrode (UME) upon electro-oxidation of imidazolium-linker functionalized TEMPO and show that its decrease is associated with the greater acidity of the cationic (oxidized) rather than radical (reduced) form of TEMPO. The protons that drive the decrease in pH arise from hydrolysis of the conjugated imidazolium-linker functional group of 4-[2-(N-methylimidazolium)acetoxy]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl chloride (MIMAcO-T), which was studied in comparison with 4-hydroxyl-TEMPO (4-OH-T). Voltammetric hysteresis is observed during the electrode oxidation of 4-OH-T and MIMAcO-T at a Pt UME in an unbuffered aqueous solution. The hysteresis arises from the pH-dependent formation and dissolution of Pt oxides, which interact with pHlocal in the vicinity of the UME. We find that electrogenerated MIMAcO-T+ significantly influences pHlocal, whereas 4-OH-T+ does not. Finite element analysis reveals that the thermodynamic and kinetic acid-base properties of MIMAcO-T+ are much more favorable than those of its reduced counterpart. Imidazolium-linker functionalized TEMPO molecules comprising different linking groups were also investigated. Reduced TEMPO molecules with carbonyl linkers behave as weak acids, whereas those with alkyl ether linkers do not. However, oxidized TEMPO+ molecules with alkyl ether linkers exhibit more facile acid-base kinetics than those with carbonyl ones. Density functional theory calculations confirm that OH- adduct formation on the imidazolium-linker functional group of TEMPO is responsible for the difference in the acid-base properties of the reduced and oxidized forms.

Fermentation of coffee fruit with sequential inoculation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effect on sensory attributes and chemical composition of the beans

This study has innovative aspects related to the use of sequential inoculation technique in the coffee bean fermentation process: the inoculation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the fermentation of coffee fruit for the production of specialty natural coffees. The objective was to evaluate the effect of this technique and of the total fermentation time on the sensory attributes of the coffee beverage and on the organic acid profile, bioactive compounds, and fatty acid profile of the beans. The fermentation of coffee fruit with sequential inoculation resulted in greater acidity of the beverage and contributed to increases of up to 2 points in coffee fermented. The total fermentation time was directly related to the organic acid content, and the longer the total fermentation time was, the greater the organic acid content. The fatty acid content and bioactive compound content showed little variation among treatments.

Organoplatinum Chemistry Related to Alkane Oxidation: The Effect of a Nitro Substituent in Ligands Having an Appended Phenol Group

The organoplatinum chemistry of the ligands 2-C5H4N-CH2-NH-C6H3-2-OH-5-X (L1, X = H; L3, X = NO2) and 2-C5H4N-CH=N-C6H3-2-OH-5-X (L2, X = H; L4, X = NO2), which contain an appended phenol substituent, is described. Comparisons are made between the ligands with amine or imine groups (L1, L3 vs. L2, L4) and ligands with X = H or NO2 (L1, L2 vs. L3, L4), and major differences are observed. Thus, on reaction with the cycloneophylplatinum(II) complex [{Pt(CH2CMe2C6H4)(μ-SMe2)}2], ligands L1, L2 and L4 give the corresponding platinum(II) complexes [Pt(CH2CMe2C6H4)(κ2-N,N′-L)], containing a Pt··HO hydrogen bond, whereas L3 gives a mixture of isomeric platinum(IV) hydride complexes [PtH(CH2CMe2C6H4)(κ3-N,N′,O-L3-H)], which are formed by oxidative addition of the phenol O-H bond and which react further with oxygen to give [Pt(OH)(CH2CMe2C6H4)(κ3-N,N′,O-L3-H)]. The differences in reactivity are proposed to be due to the greater acidity of the nitro-substituted phenol groups in L3 and L4 and to the greater ability of the deprotonated amine ligand L3 over L4 to stabilize platinum(IV) by adopting the fac-κ3-N,N′,O-L3-H coordination mode.

Tailoring the acidity of ZSM-5 via surface passivation: Catalytic assessment on dimethyl ether to olefins (DTO) process

In the present study, four different samples having different acidity were synthesized. Two MFI-type zeolites having silicon-to-aluminum ratio equal to 25 and 50 were prepared. Besides, two additional samples were obtained by external passivation of each parent zeolite with a layer of Silicalite-1, leading to a core–shell structure. Each sample was characterized to assess textural properties, structure, composition, and acidity, and then tested for dimethyl ether (DME) conversion at different reaction temperatures between 300 and 375 °C. The analysis of produced mixture revealed the simultaneous presence of hydrocarbons and methanol. DME conversion grew by increasing the temperature. Propylene was the most abundant hydrocarbon detected during all the time-on-stream analyses. Especially at 375 °C, the investigated samples having greater acidity showed faster deactivation due to coking. Samples with lower acidity were thus more stable but, on the other hand, they presented higher methanol selectivity and lower hydrocarbons yield.

The Effect of Temperature on the Surface Energetic Properties of Carbon Fibers Using Inverse Gas Chromatography

This paper constitutes an original and new methodology for the determination of the surface properties of carbon fibers in two forms, namely, oxidized and untreated, using the inverse gas chromatography technique at infinite dilution based on the effect of temperature on the surface area of various organic molecules adsorbed on the carbon fibers. The studied thermal effect showed a large deviation from the classical methods or models relative to the new determination of the surface properties of carbon fibers, such as the dispersive component of their surface energy, the free surface energy, the free specific energy, and the enthalpy and entropy of the adsorption of molecules on the carbon fibers. It was highlighted that the variations in the London dispersive surface energy of the carbon fibers as a function of the temperature satisfied excellent linear variations by showing large deviations between the values of γsd (T), calculated using different models, which can reach 300% in the case of the spherical model. All models and chromatographic methods showed that the oxidized carbon fibers gave larger specific free enthalpy of adsorption whatever the adsorbed polar molecules. The obtained specific enthalpy and entropy of the adsorption of the polar solvents led to the determination of the Lewis acid–base constants of the carbon fibers. Different molecular models and chromatographic methods were used to quantify the surface thermodynamic properties of the carbon fibers, and the results were compared with those of the thermal model. The obtained results show that the oxidized carbon fibers gave more specific interaction energy and greater acid–base constants than the untreated carbon fibers, thus highlighting the important role of oxidization in the acid–base of fibers. The determination of the specific acid–base surface energy of the two carbon fibers showed greater values for the oxidized carbon fibers than for the untreated carbon fibers. An important basic character was highlighted for the two studied carbon fibers, which was larger than the acidic character. It was observed that the carbon fibers were 1.4 times more acidic and 2.4 times more basic. The amphoteric character of the oxidized fibers was determined, and it was 1.7 times more important than that of the untreated fibers This tendency was confirmed by all molecular models and chromatographic methods. The Lewis acid and base surface energies of the solid surface, γs+ and γs−, as well as the specific acid–base surface energy γsAB of the carbon fibers at different temperatures were determined. One showed that the specific surface energy γsAB of the oxidized fibers was 1.5 times larger than that of the untreated fibers, confirming the above results obtained on the strong acid–base interactions of the oxidized carbon fibers with the various polar molecules.

Looking inside: Analysis of keto‐enol equilibrium using agent‐based models

AbstractThe subject of keto‐enol equilibrium has a long history and well‐established position within physical organic chemistry. Nonetheless, one still finds numerous reports of confusing findings and questions of accuracy when dealing with its practical application. In this report, some apparently anomalous recent observations are reviewed and then reexamined using density functional theory computations and agent‐based (cellular automata) models of the keto‐enol‐anion equilibrium system. It becomes apparent that a resolution of many of the results can be achieved by taking into account the fact that although the ketone form is often present in overwhelmingly greater concentration, the enol can still contribute significantly to formation of the anion through its much greater acidity. Thus, in these cases, dissociation data assigned solely to the ketone form should in fact be recognized as representing a mixture of contributions from both the keto and the (neglected) enol form.

Expression element optimization and molecular modification to enhance the secretory expression of chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis in Bacillus subtilis

Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose. The degradation products of chitin, amino-oligosaccharides, possess good biological activities and promising applications. Chitinase plays an important role in the degradation of chitin, and its highly efficient production has attracted wide attention. In this study, the Bacillus licheniformis-derived chitinase BlChiA was recombinantly expressed in Bacillus subtilis. The optimal promoter SpoVG and signal peptide YqxI were obtained by screening the endogenous promoters and signal peptides. The extracellular enzyme activity of the recombinant strain reached 1.96 U mL−1, 1.94-fold higher than that of the original, previously constructed strain. On this basis, mutant libraries were constructed using error-prone PCR, and mutants with enhanced activities were obtained using high-throughput activity assays. After combination, the mutant E336K/A472T exhibited 3.61-fold greater activity than the previous result, which represented the highest expression level of BlChiA in Bacillus subtilis. In addition, the mutant also exhibited greater acid adaptability. These results provided a foundation for further exploration of the function and industrial application of the enzyme.

Superior diffusion dialysis anion exchange membranes from miscible polyether sulfone – poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-styrene) blends

Diffusion dialysis is a promising method for the recovery of titania waste acid due to its low energy consumption and ease of operation. However, the current commercial anion exchange membranes (AEMs) suffer from low acid permeability coefficient and high cost. To address this issue, the development of high-performance AEMs is crucial for the successful recovery of titania waste acid by diffusion dialysis. Previous studies [Journal of Membrane Science, 2022, 662, 120980] have shown that the dense polyether sulfone - poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PES-PVP) blend membranes can be converted into AEMs through the protonation reaction of the O atoms in pyrrolidone with H+ in sulfuric acid solution. This process enables the efficient separation of sulfuric acid from ferrous sulfate. The acid permeability coefficient of the blend membrane is influenced by the content and molecular weight of PVP. Higher content and molecular weight of PVP result in a greater acid permeability coefficient of the membranes. It is observed that due to the water solubility of PVP, the amount of PVP added to the blend membranes cannot exceed 60%, however this would restrict further improvement in the acid permeability coefficient of the membranes. Additionally, there is a concern regarding the long-term stability of the membranes as the PVP may get washed out from the membranes. To this, P(VP-co-St) copolymers with a certain hydrophobicity are synthesized through free radical copolymerization of hydrophilic monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and hydrophobic monomer styrene (St). PES-P(VP-co-St) dense membranes are then prepared by mixing the P(VP-co-St) copolymers with PES. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of P(VP-co-St) molecular weight, VP content, and composition of the casting solution on the physicochemical properties, mass transfer properties, and stability of the blend AEMs. The results show that homogeneous dense membranes can be prepared by completely mixing PES with P(VP-co-St) copolymers with 87–90 wt% VP content and 100–150 kDa molecular weight. The permeability coefficients of H2SO4 (PH2SO4) and FeSO4 (PFeSO4) increase with the VP content in the membrane phase. The ion exchange capacity of the PES-P(VP-co-St)-1# AEM varies in the range of 0.32–0.81 mmol/g dry membrane. For the PES-P(VP-co-St) blend membranes, synthesized by blending P(VP-co-St) with 90 wt% VP content with PES at a mass ratio of 7:3 (VP content of 61 wt% in the membranes), the PH2SO4, PFeSO4, and selectivity coefficient of the membranes are 692 × 10−9 m2/h, 5.8 × 10−9 m2/h, and 119, respectively. The PH2SO4 of the PES-P(VP-co-St) AEM is much higher than that of the commercial AEM Tianwei DF-120 while maintaining high selectivity. This study successfully develops AEMs with high performance in diffusion dialysis through a convenient method by blending P(VP-co-St) copolymers with PES.

Enhanced effect of a novel bioactive glass-ceramic for dental application.

Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in humans, caused by the acid produced by the microflora in the mouth that dissolves the enamel minerals. Bioactive glass (BAG) has been used in various clinical applications due to its unique bioactive properties, such as bone graft substitutes and dental restorative composites. In this study, we introduce a novel bioactive glass-ceramic (NBGC) prepared through a sol-gel process under a water-free condition. The anti-demineralization and remineralization effects of NBGC were evaluated by comparing the measurements of bovine enamel surface morphology, surface roughness, surface micro-hardness, enamel elements, and mineral content before and after related treatments with a commercial BAG. The antibacterial effect was characterized by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results showed that NBGC had greater acid resistance and remineralization potential compared to commercial BAG. The fast formation of a hydroxy carbonate apatite (HCA) layer suggests efficient bioactivity. In addition to its antibacterial properties, NBGC shows promise as an ingredient in oral care products that can prevent demineralization and restore enamel.

Aluminabenzene-based Lewis superacids and weakly coordinating anions.

Quantum-chemical calculations were used to describe both the acidity of aluminabenzene-based Lewis acids and stability of aluminabenzene-based anions. Aluminabenzene itself was found to exhibit greater acidity than antimony pentaflouride, and thus can be qualified as a Lewis superacid. Substitution of the heterocyclic ring with electron withdrawing groups results in formation of extremely strong Lewis superacids. Two of them, namely AlC5 Cl5 and AlC5 (CN)5 are the strongest Lewis acids described in the literature so far. Whereas, anions formed after the addition of fluoride anion to substituted aluminabenzene-based Lewis acids, while characterized by somewhat lower electronic stability than the least coordinating anions hitherto known, are considerably more stable in terms of thermodynamic stability (measured by the propensity to electrophile attack). On this account they are expected to act as counterions for the most reactive cations. The proposed Lewis acids may be prone to the isomerization and dimerization, whereas studied anions are expected to be stable with regard to such processes.

Dietary Wheat Bran Lowers Colonic pH in Rats

The effect of chronic dietary wheat bran supplementation on the pH of gastrointestinal contents was examined in thirty-one Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten control rats received a fiber-free diet while twenty-one rats were fed the same diet plus a 20% wheat bran supplement. The fiber-fed rats developed a greater acidity of intestinal contents: cecal pH was 6.30 ± 0.07 (SEM) as compared to 6.76 ± 0.06 in the control group (P < 0.001). The effect on pH of gastric contents was the opposite, 3.90 ± 0.15 in the fiber-fed rats compared to 2.74 ± 0.33 in the controls (P < 0.01). These changes in gastrointestinal pH may be of relevance to the nutrient modulation of gastric and colonic tumor development.Wheat bran dietary fiber colonic pH gastric pH colonic cancer

Vonoprazan With Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection.

To describe the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and potential role of vonoprazan with amoxicillin or amoxicillin and clarithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the terms: (vonoprazan OR voquezna) AND ("H. pylori" OR "Helicobacter pylori") AND amoxicillin with no date limitations up to November 3, 2022. Studies assessing the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan with amoxicillin and/or clarithromycin were included and divided into 3 groups based on different comparisons between treatment regimens used in each group. Ten clinical trials and 17 observational studies were included. Vonoprazan-based therapy demonstrated greater acid inhibition and similar or higher efficacy than proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-based therapy in treatment-naïve patients and with clarithromycin-resistant infections. Proton-pump inhibitor-based therapies have not reached the desired successful eradication rate of 90% for H. pylori infection. Vonoprazan-based therapies being at least as effective as PPI-based therapies offer an alternative for patients with H. pylori infection. Vonoprazan-based therapies were effective and well tolerated for the treatment of H. pylori infection in adults. These regimens provide an important alternative with prolonged acid inhibition, lower potential for CYP2C19 polymorphism, and at least comparable efficacy and safety versus PPI-based therapies in patients with H. pylori infections. Thus, vonoprazan-based therapy should be considered for certain patients, for example, those with failure to PPI-based treatments.

Physicochemical characteristics of pork meatballs mixed with Amaranthus caudatus

The main objective was to compare the physicochemical characteristics of meatballs produced from pork meat and wheat flour mixed with Amaranthus caudatus. Meatballs were produced with two different formulations: meatballs without Amaranthus caudatus and meatballs having Amaranthus caudatus. The different parameters, such as temperature, PH, fat content, weight loss, and titratable acidity, were compared from one formulation to another. The results showed that the pH value and fat content of those having A. caudatus, were lower than those found in meatballs without A.caudatus, but the temperature, weight loss, and titratable acidity were more than those found in meatballs without A.caudatus. By this, the PH value for the initial time was 6.1 compared to 6.3, the meatball fat content without A. caudatus of about 3.7% than the meatball fat content with A. caudatus of about 2.9%, and the different weight loss between those two meatballs was 19.47% (59g), and finally, the titratable acidity was 1.8% in meatballs with A. caudatus than 0.26% in those without A. caudatus. The meatballs with A.caudatus had a greater acidity and lower lipids than the meatballs without A.caudatus. Also, the acid concentration of both meatballs has significant for consumers and the loss of weight means that the lowering of water content is an indication of a good storage process.

Anticariogenic Sanative Effect of Aluminum Gallium Arsenide Crystals on Hydroxyapatite Crystals

Dental caries is a progressive disease with varying phases of demineralization and remineralization, and the scope of reversing the carious lesion is increased if it is diagnosed before there is surface cavitation. Preventive management strategies are directed towards making the enamel more resistant towards acid dissolution. The caries preventive protocol has always been fluoride-centric. Repeated application of fluoride gives rise to acquired fluoride resistance strains of Streptococci mutans which can be transient or permanent. The need of the hour is an effective remineralizing protocol which is one which brings about a change in enamel crystal and makes it more resistant to the acidic challenges of the oral cavity. The authors have devised a protocol in which irradiation with aluminum gallium arsenide crystals LASER can bring about a sanative change in crystal and lead to greater acid resistance of the enamel crystal and thus potentiate the remineralization of non-cavitated lesions. The concept of aluminum gallium arsenide–assisted caries inhibition and the proposed hypothesis of the mechanism of action is discussed.