Greater Ability Research Articles

A cost-effective way to utilize low-grade Ti-rich clay: Preparing cordierite-mullite composite ceramics for thermal storage

Cordierite-mullite composite ceramics were prepared by solid-state method using Panzhihua low-grade Ti-rich clay, talc, and alumina. Influences of cordierite/mullite ratio, sintering temperature, and the chemical composition of clay on the phase composition, microstructure, physical properties, and thermal properties were investigated in detail. The results showed that the impurity oxides inside the Ti-rich clay had a great ability of forming liquid. Above 1300 °C, the reaction between TiO2 of the clay and Al2O3 produced stable Al2TiO5, which was conducive to decreasing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). At 1300–1350 °C, the secondary mullitization caused the volumetric expansion, decreasing the bending strength and increasing the CTE. The optimum ratio of cordierite to mullite ranged from 90:10 to 80:20, and the sample fired at 1400 °C exhibited the lowest water absorption and porosity (0.64 % and 1.56 %, respectively), optimal bulk density, and bending strength (2.59 g cm−3 and 87.79 MPa), as well as better CTE, thermal conductivity, and thermal storage density (2.91 × 10−6 °C−1, 4.11 W/(m⋅K) (30 °C), and 1181 kJ kg−1, respectively). Compared with the reported values of cordierite-based thermal storage ceramics prepared by using the high-grade clay or minerals, the obtained samples showed the advantages such as lower costs for raw materials, higher bending strength, higher thermal conductivity (1.63–2 times higher), low CTE, and high thermal storage density. This study demonstrated that the low-grade Ti/Fe-rich clay has excellent cost-effective potential for the preparation of thermal storage ceramics.

Process design, performance comparison and operating test of the multi-stage vertical absorption heat exchanger realizing independent heating in three zones

Absorption heat exchangers applied in district heating systems can significantly reduce the outlet water temperature of the primary network, thereby expanding the heating scale and promoting low-temperature waste heat recovery. However, nearly 50% of the existing heating systems in high-rise buildings are divided into three independent zones. At present, there is a lack of research for absorption heat exchangers in this scenario. The main task of this paper is to address this issue to expand the application range of absorption heat exchangers. Firstly, two different processes are designed in this paper. The first process is to add a plate heat exchanger in the existing two-stage process, while the second process is a novel three-stage vertical process, consisting of three absorption heat pumps with different pressures and three sets of plate heat exchangers. Then, the operating performance, self-adjustment ability and the system cost of different processes are compared based on the simulation method. Although the price of Process 2 is 26.4% higher than that of Process 1, the efficiency of Process 2 is 20.3%-27.7% higher, and the self-regulation ability is significantly better. Thus, Process 2 has better overall performance. Moreover, the system development and operating test of Process 2 are conducted. Throughout the whole heating season, the overall efficiency of the system is 1.17–1.23. Without manual intervention, the relative standard deviations of the inlet water temperature of the secondary network and the actual heat supply rate ratio are less than 5% and 16% respectively, which proves that the system has great self-adjustment ability. The conclusions in this paper can guide the design and application of the absorption heat exchanger in three-zone independent heating scenarios.

Considerations on implementing an energy efficiency program as a management tool in a public institution

A well-implemented energy efficiency program has the great ability to optimize the use of financial resources employed in institutions, being essential for efficient and sustainable governance. In this work, the perception of IFRN managers about the intention to implement an energy efficiency program on their campus, in addition to better understanding how managers see this possibility and implementation. A questionnaire was sent to all IFRN servers in management positions, resulting in 19 responses, which were analyzed with the appropriate statistical tools. The results of this analysis are presented below.

Design, synthesis and characterization of a new series of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (DHQZ-1) derivatives and evaluation of antitumor resistant (by Molecule Docking)

الهدف من هذا البحث هو استخدام التفاعلات متعددة المكونات لإنتاج سلسلة جديدة من مشتقات الكوينزولين والتي تعطي منتوج كثير.يحدث هذا التفاعل من خلال تكثيف بيريدين-3- كاربالديهايد مع-1,3-H1 بنزاوكزازين-2و4-ثنائي ون )أيساتويك انهيدرايد) والأمينات الأولية (7-3). وتمت اذابه المكونات باستخدام مذيب رباعي هيدروالفوران (THF ، مذيب غير بروتوني) (البروتوني). مع كبريتات الصوديوم الهيدروجينيه (NaHSO4) على شكل عامل مساعد في التفاعل وذلك لتوفيرمنتوج عالي من مشتقات 2،3- ثنائي هيدروكوينزولين -4 (1H). تم الحصول على أفضل ناتج عند درجه حراره 68 درجة مئوية. بشكل عام ، تُظهر جميع المنتجات المتسلسلة (8-12) قدرة كبيرة كمضاد فعال لسرطان الثدي باستخدام دراسة الالتحام الجزيئي للمشتقات حيث اعطى المركب 11 ، اكثر فعالية مضادة من المركبات المحضرة الاخرى. تم تقييم دراسة الالتحام الجزيئي للمشتقات باستخدام برنامج تصميم الأدوية Auto Dock 4.2 . (PDB)) ، كود البروتين M171).

An experimental and theoretical approach of a novel phosphoramide containing naphthoquinone with potential cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing ability

In an attempt to synthesize a new potent cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing agent against SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells, a new phosphoramide containing naphthoquinone (Diphenyl (1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)phosphoramidate; A) was synthesized and characterized using some experimental techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, and Mass spectroscopies. The obtained data were compared with theoretical FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR calculated with density functional theory (DFT), which confirmed that there is a good correlation between them. The cytotoxic activity of A against cancer cell line (SK-BR-3) and normal cell line (MCF10A) were evaluated through an MTT assay. The results showed a dose- and time-dependent anti-cancer activity with IC50 values of 10.3 µM (24 h) and 8.1 µM (48 h). According to the flow cytometry results, A showed great apoptosis-inducing ability at different concentrations (5 µM) (41.88%), 20 µM (72.6%), and 30 µM (79.1%). Moreover, the cells inhibited through the late apoptosis pathway increased as a function of the concentration of A. In order to know the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the synthesized compound and cyclophosphamide (Cpm), the values of HOMO and LUMO energies, hardness, softness, and electrophilicity index were investigated computationally by DFT-D correction in Material Studio 2017. Additionally, molecular docking simulation was used to compute the interactions between (A or Cpm) and transcription factor STAT3B/DNA complex (PDB ID: 1bg1), indicating A has a considerable anti-cancer potential with docking energy of -101.964 kcal.mol-1 compared with -64.281 kcal.mol-1 for Cpm.

Continuous removal of thorium from aqueous solution using functionalized graphene oxide: study of adsorption kinetics in batch system and fixed bed column

This article investigated the kinetic studies of thorium adsorption from an aqueous solution with graphene oxide functionalized with aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) as an adsorbent. First, the AMPA-GO adsorbent was characterized using TEM, XRD, and FTIR methods. Experiments were performed in two batch and continuous modes. In batch mode, adsorption kinetics were studied in different pH (1–4), temperature (298–328 K), initial concentration (50–500 mg L−1), and dosages (0.1–2 g L−1). The results showed that thorium adsorption kinetic follows pseudo-first-order kinetic model and that the adsorption reaction is endothermic. The maximum experimental adsorption capacity of thorium ions was observed 138.84 mg g−1 at a pH of 3, adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g L−1, and a temperature of 328 K. The results showed that AMPA-GO adsorbent can be used seven times with an acceptable change in adsorption capacity. In continuous conditions, the effect of feed flow rate (2–8 mL min−1), initial concentration (50–500 mg L−1), and column bed height (2–8 cm) was investigated. The continuous data was analyzed using the Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and Bohart-Adams models. The experimental data of the column were well matched with the Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson models. The research results showed that the use of functionalized graphene oxide adsorbents has a great ability to remove thorium from aqueous solutions.

Construction of adamantane-based monolithic column with three-dimensionally porous structure for small molecules separation and biosample analysis

BackgroundThe fabrication technique of capillary column is the key to the development and application of capillary liquid chromatography (cLC) to improve separation efficiency for analytes. The capillary monolithic column possessed three-dimensionally connected porous or channel structures. Unique porous structure endows excellent permeability and high performance in diverse fields, especially in separation. Thereinto, organic monolithic columns have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages of simple preparation and excellent biocompatibility. However, their separation selectivity needs to be further developed and regulated to apply the separation of more diverse samples. ResultsA novel polymeric monolithic column was prepared via thermally initiated in situ copolymerization of 2-methyladamantan-2-yl acrylate (MADA) with ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (DTTA) in fused silica. The prepared poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolith showed adjustable permeability, developed porous structure and high thermal stability. Consequently, it exhibited excellent separation capability of small molecules (alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Especially, when acetonitrile/water (60/40, v/v) was used as the mobile phase, the theoretical plate numbers reached 84,000 plates m−1 for butylbenzene at a linear velocity of 0.5 mm s−1. Most importantly, the hydrophobicity of the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolithic column was regulated via host-guest interaction between adamantyl group and cucurbit [7]uril (CB[7]). Additionally, the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolith was further adopted for the analysis of the tryptic digest of proteins from HeLa by cLC-MS/MS. The 33,783 unique peptides and 5,299 proteins were identified on the monolith, which exhibited great separation ability for complex samples. Significance and noveltyDue to abundant pore structure and good chemical properties, the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolithic column exhibited high performance for the separations of small molecules and biological sample. Meanwhile, owing to the existence of adamantyl-group, CB[7] was immobilized on the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolithic column to fabricate poly(MADA-co-DTTA)-CB[7] by host-guest interaction. It is possible to adjust the surface chemistry of the monolithic materials to accommodate more complex analytes.

Looking into EFL Students’ Intercultural Awareness and Its Relation with Varying Social Media Exposure and Reading Ability

With explosive growth of technology and globalization, seeing vastly different culture has become part of our daily life as seen in social media. Students’ social media exposure is closely related to their reading activity. Thus, great reading ability leads to great intercultural awareness. This study aimed to investigate EFL students’ intercultural awareness and its relation with varying social media exposure and reading ability. The quantitative study employed ex-post-facto design, with participation of 183 EFL students purposively recruited from Informatics Study Program in a private univerisity in Jakarta, Indonesia. The data collected using online questionnaires and reading tests were analyzed using SPSS 27. With this software, descriptive statistics were made to compare means, percentages, and standard deviations of students’ intercultural awareness. Paired-samples t-tests were run to find out a significant difference in participants’ intercultural awareness by varying social media use and reading ability. The results revealed EFL students’ high intercultural awareness with no significant difference found in students’ varying social media use and with a significant difference found in students’s varying reading ability. In conclusion, EFL students’ intercultural awareness is influenced significantly by their reading abilities rather than their social media exposure.

A Practical tutorial on Explainable AI Techniques

The past years have been characterized by an upsurge in opaque automatic decision support systems, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Although DNNs have great generalization and prediction abilities, it is difficult to obtain detailed explanations for their behaviour. As opaque Machine Learning models are increasingly being employed to make important predictions in critical domains, there is a danger of creating and using decisions that are not justifiable or legitimate. Therefore, there is a general agreement on the importance of endowing DNNs with explainability. EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques can serve to verify and certify model outputs and enhance them with desirable notions such as trustworthiness, accountability, transparency and fairness. This guide is intended to be the go-to handbook for anyone with a computer science background aiming to obtain an intuitive insight from Machine Learning models accompanied by explanations out-of-the-box. The article aims to rectify the lack of a practical XAI guide by applying XAI techniques in particular day-to-day models, datasets and use-cases. In each chapter, the reader will find a description of the proposed method as well as one or several examples of use with Python notebooks. These can be easily modified in order to be applied to specific applications. We also explain what the prerequisites are for using each technique, what the user will learn about them, and which tasks they are aimed at.

GranoScan: an AI-powered mobile app for in-field identification of biotic threats of wheat.

Capitalizing on the widespread adoption of smartphones among farmers and the application of artificial intelligence in computer vision, a variety of mobile applications have recently emerged in the agricultural domain. This paper introduces GranoScan, a freely available mobile app accessible on major online platforms, specifically designed for the real-time detection and identification of over 80 threats affecting wheat in the Mediterranean region. Developed through a co-design methodology involving direct collaboration with Italian farmers, this participatory approach resulted in an app featuring: (i) a graphical interface optimized for diverse in-field lighting conditions, (ii) a user-friendly interface allowing swift selection from a predefined menu, (iii) operability even in low or no connectivity, (iv) a straightforward operational guide, and (v) the ability to specify an area of interest in the photo for targeted threat identification. Underpinning GranoScan is a deep learning architecture named efficient minimal adaptive ensembling that was used to obtain accurate and robust artificial intelligence models. The method is based on an ensembling strategy that uses as core models two instances of the EfficientNet-b0 architecture, selected through the weighted F1-score. In this phase a very good precision is reached with peaks of 100% for pests, as well as in leaf damage and root disease tasks, and in some classes of spike and stem disease tasks. For weeds in the post-germination phase, the precision values range between 80% and 100%, while 100% is reached in all the classes for pre-flowering weeds, except one. Regarding recognition accuracy towards end-users in-field photos, GranoScan achieved good performances, with a mean accuracy of 77% and 95% for leaf diseases and for spike, stem and root diseases, respectively. Pests gained an accuracy of up to 94%, while for weeds the app shows a great ability (100% accuracy) in recognizing whether the target weed is a dicot or monocot and 60% accuracy for distinguishing species in both the post-germination and pre-flowering stage. Our precision and accuracy results conform to or outperform those of other studies deploying artificial intelligence models on mobile devices, confirming that GranoScan is a valuable tool also in challenging outdoor conditions.

DNSRF: Deep Network-based Semi-NMF Representation Framework

Representation learning is an important topic in machine learning, pattern recognition, and data mining research. Among many representation learning approaches, semi-nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) is a frequently-used one. However, a typical problem of SNMF is that usually there is no learning rate guidance during the optimization process, which often leads to a poor representation ability. To overcome this limitation, we propose a very general representation learning framework (DNSRF) that is based on deep neural net. Essentially, the parameters of the deep net used to construct the DNSRF algorithms are obtained by matrix element update. In combination with different activation functions, DNSRF can be implemented in various ways. In our experiments, we tested nine instances of our DNSRF framework on six benchmark datasets. In comparison with other state-of-the-art methods, the results demonstrate superior performance of our framework, which is thus shown to have a great representation ability.

Implementasi Manajemen Berbasis Madrasah (MBM) dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin Sidoharjo Jati Agung Lampung Selatan

The points of this exploration are to decide the means for executing madrasa-based administration, to decide endeavors to work on the nature of schooling through carrying out madrasa-based administration at MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin Sidoharjo Jati Agung South Lampung. This exploration is a subjective engaging examination with a regulating religious and educational methodology. The information hotspots for this examination comprised of the top of the madrasah, head of organization, educators, and representatives or staff at MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin Sidoharjo Jati Agung South Lampung as sources. Information assortment procedures were done utilizing member perception, interview instruments, documentation, and reference following. Subjective information investigation/handling methods utilize 3 phases, in particular information decrease, information show, and information confirmation. The consequences of the examination show that the Madrasah Head keeps on endeavoring to work on the nature of training in his school, and completes execution evaluations in regards to public schooling norms in the school. With an end goal to work on the nature of schooling, instructive quality principles should be met which incorporate alumni capability guidelines, content norms, process guidelines, instructive staff norms, offices and foundation principles, the executives norms, supporting guidelines and instructive evaluation principles that should be met. satisfied. arranged and improved consistently at school. to deliver quality alumni who have mature person, character and social perspectives, and the abilities moved by understudies can turn out to be great fundamental abilities for understudies. As far as carrying out madrasa-based administration in working on the nature of training at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin Sidoharjo Jati Agung Lampung Selatan, here the job of teachers and schooling is vital in light of the fact that as instructors and schooling staff they should have character and authority prerequisites. Their insight should be wide, in light of the fact that here teachers and schooling staff should have the option to direct, teach as well as administer and assess understudies in movements of every kind connected with madrasas

Unveiling Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R.Br Ex Sims: Extracting Bioactive Compounds for Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activities

The allopathic herb Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R.Br ex Sims is a member of the Lamiaceae family of mints. This investigation aims to determine whether the acetone extract of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R.Br ex Sims leaves exhibit in vitro antibacterial activity. The results of the phytochemical study showed that steroids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, quinones, and saponin were present. TLC detected and separated potential chemical components present in the extract. The GCMS revealed the presence of volatile substances, and the LC-MS disclosed the existence of non-volatile substances based on the highest peak. The FT-IR spectrum data revealed the chemical compound's potential functional groups in the A.malabarica acetone extract. DPPH free radical scavenging showed that the acetone extract of conc. 40mg/ml, 60mg/ml, 80mg/ml and 100mg/ml possessed great antioxidant ability compared to standard. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumonia were tested for antibacterial activity using the unpolished well diffusion technique. E. coli and B. subtilis were inhibited more effectively by the extract in conc.50μg/ml, 75μg/ml and 100μg/ml.

Achieving a high-performance electrochemical sensor for electrochemical detection of ammonia–nitrogen based on electrodepositing PtAu alloys and polypyrrole on Ni foam

The environment pollution problmes resulting from ammonia-nitrogen have been paid more attentions. Efficient and accurate detection of ammonia–nitrogen in aqueous enivronment including tap water, lake water and sea water is meaningful. In this work, a novel PtAu alloy sensor was designed and fabricated via coelectrodeposition method on Ni foam (NF). In addition, polypyrrole (PPy) was electrochemically grown on NF surface to avoid corrosion of NF during the electrodepositing process of PtAu alloy. Under the optimal condition, the prepared Pt5Au3-PPy-NF-1 showed the great electrocatalytic performance for ammonia oxidation reaction with the current density of 15.55 mA and great detection ability with the high sensitivity of 8.2 µA µM−1, low detection limit of 1.05 µM and three linear ranges from 4 to 50 µM, from 50 to 400 µM and from 400 to 1000 µM. The enhanced performances could be attriubted to: 1) Pt showed the electrochemial catalytic activity for ammonia oxidation reaction and Au showed the lower adsortion energy to N atom, as well as optimized electronic structure of Pt and Au.

Identification and functional analyses of CD4-1+ cells in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

In mammals, CD4 is found to be expressed on T cells and innate immune cells, however, teleost cells bearing CD4 have not been well identified and characterized. In this study, we identified two different CD4-1+ cell subsets in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): CD4-1+ lymphocytes (Lym) and CD4-1+ myeloid cells (Mye), both of which had the highest proportions in the head kidney. The mRNA expression analysis showed that CD4-1, CD4-2, TCRβ, CD3γ/δ, and LCK1 are highly expressed in CD4-1+ Lym and also expressed in CD4-1+ Mye. Furthermore, we found that CD4-1+ Lym have a Lym morphology and highly express T-cell cytokines, suggesting that they are CD4+ T cells equivalent to mammalian Th cells. On the other hand, CD4-1+ Mye were found to have a morphology of macrophage and highly express macrophage marker gene MCSFR, indicating that they are macrophages. In addition, functional analysis revealed that CD4-1+ Mye possess phagocytic ability and great antigen-processing ability. Taken together, our study sheds further light on the composition and function of CD4+ cells in teleost fish.

Exploring the Progress of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Wide-Ranging Applications.

This comprehensive review delves into the world of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, exploring their creation, characteristics, research methodologies, and uses. HA hydrogels stand out among natural polysaccharides due to their distinct features. Their exceptional biocompatibility makes them a top choice for diverse biomedical purposes, with a great ability to coexist harmoniously with living cells and tissues. Furthermore, their biodegradability permits their gradual breakdown by bodily enzymes, enabling the creation of temporary frameworks for tissue engineering endeavors. Additionally, since HA is a vital component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in numerous tissues, HA hydrogels can replicate the ECM's structure and functions. This mimicry is pivotal in tissue engineering applications by providing an ideal setting for cellular growth and maturation. Various cross-linking techniques like chemical, physical, enzymatic, and hybrid methods impact the mechanical strength, swelling capacity, and degradation speed of the hydrogels. Assessment tools such as rheological analysis, electron microscopy, spectroscopy, swelling tests, and degradation studies are employed to examine their attributes. HA-based hydrogels feature prominently in tissue engineering, drug distribution, wound recovery, ophthalmology, and cartilage mending. Crafting HA hydrogels enables the production of biomaterials with sought-after qualities, offering avenues for advancements in the realm of biomedicine.

Perception and Expression of Anger and Shame: Genders and Occupational Differences

In this article, the authors analyzed previous research about differences in emotion perception and expression and found out that gender and occupation are two important contributors in shaping emotion perception and expression. Previous studies suggested that females have a great ability to distinguish and avoid anger, while males show great frequency in expressing anger. At the same time, individuals who are at the top or the bottom of society are more inclined to get angry, while the middle classes are more likely to feel shame. To get a deeper insight into the impact of gender and occupation on emotionsanger, and shame, the authors designed an experiment that needs respondents to finish two sets of questionnairesone is aimed to show anger frequency, the other one is used to show shame frequency. Results will be analyzed based on participants gender and occupation, which enables the authors to clarify the relationships between emotionsanger and shameand differences in gender and occupation.

A nomogram for predicting choledochal cyst with perforation

BackgroundCholedochal cyst with perforation (CC with perforation) rarely occurs, early diagnosis and timely treatment plan are crucial for the treatment of CC with perforation. This study aims to forecast the occurrence of CC with perforation.MethodsAll 1111 patients were conducted, who underwent surgery for choledochal cyst at our hospital from January 2011 to October 2022. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen for independent predictive factors for predicting CC with perforation, upon which established a nomogram. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves.ResultsThe age of children with choledochal cyst perforation is mainly concentrated between 1 and 3 years old. Logistic regression analysis indicates that age, alanine aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, C-reactive protein, vomiting, jaundice, abdominal distension, and diarrhea are associated with predicting the occurrence of choledochal cyst perforation. ROC curves, calibration plots, and DCA curve analysis curves demonstrate that the nomogram has great discriminative ability and calibration, as well as significant clinical utility.ConclusionThe age of CC with perforation is mainly concentrated between 1 and 3 years old. A nomogram for predicting the perforation of choledochal cyst was established.

AI Based Insight Vibrator with Glove for Visually Challenged and Auditory Challenged Individuals

This study introduces a novel assistive tool designed to enhance the communication abilities and sensory experiences of those with physical limitations. Seeing one's environment is one of humanity's greatest abilities. You may see more clearly around you using Eyes because of AI (Artificial Intelligence) data. The most terrible agony a person may experience is losing their vision as a result of problems or a variety of life circumstances. With or without assistance, a blind person can live a free and independent life in a variety of ways. People with impairments are granted certain rights and assistance by several nations worldwide.Users of the Insight Vibrator with Glove can sense and interpret information by means of haptic feedback technology integrated into a wearable glove.The glove is equipped with sensors that translate ambient input into distinct vibration patterns. This innovative technique aims to empower individuals with physical limitations and encourage increased independence and communication by providing them with a more sophisticated knowledge of their surroundings. The study looks at the development, functionality, and design of the Insight Vibrator with Glove, with a focus on how it could help those with physical limitations.

Novel green synthesis of Value-Added graphene quantum dots from bagasse and pith for biological applications

The continuing rush for potential biomedical applications has sparked the fabrication of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) particularly from agricultural waste. GQDs are unique among carbon-based nanomaterials due to their flexibility, chemical stability, size control, and non-toxic nature. In this study, we have developed Graphene Quantum dots from sugarcane bagasse (GQDs-SB) and sugarcane bagasse pith (GQDs-SBP) by carbonization followed by microwave pyrolysis. The optical properties of the synthesized GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP were characterized by Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis and the surface functional groups were determined by FT- IR analysis. The High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was used to examine dimensions and structure of GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP. The storage stability of GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP was monitored using Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy. The synthesized GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP were evaluated for biological applications like anti-oxidant activity, anti inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effect was also assessed. GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects due to their great ability to scavenge free radicals and extraordinary water solubility. The synthesized GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP were less toxic in nature.