Greater Vigor Research Articles

English

The aim of this study was to evaluate growth characteristics, nutrition and seedling quality of guapeva produced on different substrates. The substrates used here included MecPlant®+rice husk (RH), fine vermiculite+subsoil+decomposed corn silage (FV+SB+DCS), and subsoil coarse sand composted cattle manure (SB+CS+CCM) at the ratios 7:3, 3:1:6, and 2:2:1, respectively, and FV+SB+RH at ratios 2:2:1 and 1:1:1; proportions are expressed on a volume basis. The following evaluations were performed 130 days after sowing: percentage of emerged seedlings; emergence speed index; stem length (SL), root collar diameter (RCD), number of leaves (NL), leaf area (LA), dry weight of the roots, stems and leaves and the whole plant; macro- and micronutrients in the leaves; ratios of SL and RCD (SL/RCD), SL and NL (SL/NL). A higher percentage of plants emerged and with greater vigor on the substrate MP+RH compared to SB+CS+CCM. The NL, LA, leaf dry weight and total plant dry weight were greater on the substrates that had DCS or CCM in their composition, but the other biometric characteristics were not affected by the different substrates. Substrates that had CCM or DCS also had the highest leaf concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, S and B. The foliar concentration of Mn was highest on the MP+RH substrate. The SL/RCD ratio was higher in the seedlings grown in substrates that included DCS and CCM in their composition, but these components yielded a lower R/S ratio. Overall, substrates with CCM and DCS favored guapeva seedling growth. Key words: Pouteria gardneriana (A. DC.) Radlk., quality of seedlings, plant nutrition.

Response of Naturalized and Ornamental Biotypes ofMiscanthus sinensisto Soil-Moisture and Shade Stress

A recent trend in bioenergy-feedstock development includes the use of large-statured perennial grasses whose rapid growth and biomass-accumulation rates in low-fertility conditions make them highly desirable; however, these species tend to have much in common with many invasive plant species. Miscanthus sinensis (Chinese Silvergrass), an extremely popular ornamental grass and candidate bioenergy crop, has naturalized in over half of US states, yet little is known about its environmental-stress tolerance, which is a characteristic important for bioenergy development and invasiveness. Previous studies of Chinese Silvergrass have suggested that the species' enhanced tolerance to shade and drought conditions may be contributing to its invasion success in the US. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a greenhouse study to compare shade and soil-moisture stress tolerance among phenotypically diverse ornamental cultivars and naturalized biotypes of Chinese Silvergrass. We found enhanced plant growth and vigor in naturalized biotypes compared to ornamental biotypes across light levels from 5% to 100% of full sun. We also found that both the naturalized and the ornamental cultivars were not significantly affected by soil-moisture stress, and thus exhibited significant drought tolerance. Greater vigor and performance of naturalized biotypes in low light conditions compared to ornamental biotypes suggest that naturalized biotypes have enhanced shade tolerance, possibly due to hybridization. Our results provide direction for additional evaluations and weed-risk assessments of Chinese Silvergrass that will be critical in preventing future invasions and guide breeding for horticulture and bioenergy.

Russia’s Normative Influence over Post-Soviet States: The Examples of Belarus and Ukraine

Debate as to the relationship between law and power in Russia has long focused on the study of hard power. Adopting the work done on soft power in the sphere of American political science, and as part of a legal analysis, we wish to show that Russia has also developed her own soft power based in part on a strategy of normative influence. Law is thus part of a trend in regaining power that has previously been lost. Admittedly this strategy is not, in itself, the preserve of Russia, as is shown by the European Union’s own use of the same approach. The fact remains, however, that there are aspects specific to Russia. Indeed, it may be possible to isolate three types of normative influence in Russia, the construction of which is linked, in part, to her history. Firstly, there is the normative legacy of the Soviet Union. A direct consequence of history, Russia has set about making that legacy bear fruit or, at the very least, ensuring that it is not fundamentally challenged. Secondly, and particularly by relying on the CIS’s institutional and political springboards, Russia has succeeded in promoting the normative alignment of those countries that she seeks to influence, which we have termed the promotion of normative convergence. Thirdly, and with greater vigour, Russia now promotes a veritable normative expansion that is increasingly based on a fait accompli rather than persuasion. These are the three types of influence that we propose to examine in this article, limiting the legal analysis to two countries that are directly concerned with this strategy: Ukraine and Belarus.

Consequences of seed origin and biological invasion for early establishment in restoration of a North American grass species.

Local, wild-collected seeds of native plants are recommended for use in ecological restoration to maintain patterns of adaptive variation. However, some environments are so drastically altered by exotic, invasive weeds that original environmental conditions may no longer exist. Under these circumstances, cultivated varieties selected for improved germination and vigor may have a competitive advantage at highly disturbed sites. This study investigated differences in early establishment and seedling performance between wild and cultivated seed sources of the native grass, Poa secunda, both with and without competition from the invasive exotic grass, Bromus tectorum. We measured seedling survival and above-ground biomass at two experimental sites in western Montana, and found that the source of seeds selected for restoration can influence establishment at the restoration site. Cultivars had an overall advantage when compared with local genotypes, supporting evidence of greater vigor among cultivated varieties of native species. This advantage, however, declined rapidly in the presence of B. tectorum and most accessions were not significantly different for growth and survival in competition plots. Only one cultivar had a consistent advantage despite a strong decline in its performance when competing with invasive plants. As a result, cultivated varieties did not meet expectations for greater establishment and persistence relative to local genotypes in the presence of invasive, exotic species. We recommend the use of representative local or regional wild seed sources in restoration to minimize commercial selection, and a mix of individual accessions (wild, or cultivated when necessary) in highly invaded settings to capture vigorous genotypes and increase the odds native plants will establish at restoration sites.

Evaluation of seed germination and seedling vigour for single cross maize hybrids along with parental lines

In order to evaluate single cross maize hybrids for their seed quality, an experiment was carried out with nine maize inbred lines, one tester and nine single cross hybrids with one check (Indra 17). It was observed that seed size of single cross hybrids were larger than their parental lines seeds except L3. Larger and medium size seeds of hybrids had higher germination percentage and vigour than that of small size seeds of parental lines. The highest physiological performance in terms of seed germination and vigour quality parameters in terms of seedling length and weight, vigour index, mean daily germination, relative growth rate, germination index, coefficient of germination and germinative value along with peak value was found in single cross hybrids C8, C6 and C4. Lower mean germination time was reflected as greater vigour and had lesser value for single cross maize hybrids over the parental lines except L1.

Cyber-Physical Systems: A Framework for Prediction of Error in Smart Medical Devices

The objective of medical care services is designed to bring improvement to the health of patients. This is pursued with great vigor today with the use of modern health care systems which include medical sensors and automatically controlled actuation to deliver smart and proactive health services. The embedded devices control Smart Medical Devices (SMDs) used by physicians, Nurses, and Medical Staff which continuously interact with the human body or patient in one form or another. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation with physical processes which are monitored and controlled by the embedded systems. CPS has positively affected a number of application areas which include communication, consumer energy, infrastructure, healthcare, manufacturing, military, robotics and transportation. The inappropriate use of these SMDs generate errors which are under-emphasized by stakeholders. Most users are only interested on the benefits derived in the use of SMDs and care-less on the danger that these devices can contribute to patients when used inappropriately. The error tendencies, possible factors and way forward is the subject matter of this paper. In order to achieve the stated objective, Input data was provided through a critical incident analysis of online database which provide readings from medical experts. These readings were compared to the standard world benchmarks and best practices. The difference between the readings and the standard benchmark were used to validate the existence of errors. A framework was developed for error prediction to improve safety in the use of SMDs. Due to the complexity of the problem, an algorithm was further developed to obtain an optimal solution of P1 to P5 within an acceptable threshold runtime which shows the gravity of these challenges on patients.

Características agronômicas e ocorrência de mal-do-panamá em bananeiras tipo Pacovan

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar características vegetativas, de rendimento e incidência de maldo-panamá na 'Pacovan', em dois ciclos de produção, nos híbridos 'Japira', 'Pacovan-Ken', 'Preciosa' e 'Garantida', recomendados para produtores pela Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, e no 'PV79-34', em seleção. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias, agrupadas pelo critério de Scott-Knott (P<0,05). Há variabilidade genética entre as cultivares. 'Garantida' apresenta menor rendimento expresso pela massa das pencas e do cacho e pelo número de frutos. 'PV79-34' é a mais vigorosa, de menor porte e com maior rendimento, porém é suscetível ao mal-do-panamá.

Testes para a seleção de populações de cenoura visando ao vigor e à longevidade das sementes

Populações de cenoura com sementes de maior qualidade fisiológica e potencial de armazenamento são de interesse para as empresas de sementes e horticultores. Assim, verificou-se a eficiência de alguns testes para a seleção de populações de cenoura com maior vigor e longevidade das sementes. Sementes de 50 progênies de meio-irmãos de cenoura tipo Brasília foram avaliadas quanto à massa de cem sementes, primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, dormência, envelhecimento acelerado com água e com solução saturada de NaCl. As sementes foram armazenadas com teor de água de 6,1±0,3% em embalagem hermética nas temperaturas de 15 e 25oC por 12 meses e a germinação foi avaliada trimestralmente. Os dados experimentais foram avaliados quanto à variância e correlações fenotípicas, genotípicas e ambientais; herdabilidade; coeficiente de variação genética e ganho por seleção. A seleção baseada na massa não deve ser utilizada, pois aumentaria a ocorrência de dormência nas sementes da geração seguinte. Os testes da primeira contagem, de germinação e de envelhecimento acelerado com água ou solução salina saturada podem ser utilizados para selecionar populações de cenoura com sementes de maior vigor e longevidade. O ganho genético estimado com a seleção para a germinação após 12 meses de armazenamento a 25°C foi de 14%.

Caribou Song by T. Highway

Highway, Tomson. Illus. John Rombough. Caribou Song. Markham, ON.: Fifth House, 2013. Print.While Tomson Highway’s English text remains consistent with the 2001 publication of this title illustrated by Brian Deines, this new version has been translated into a colloquial dialect of Cree rather than the original high Cree. It has been revitalized by John Rombough, a Chipewyan Dene artist from the Northwest Territories. His stylistic and intensely coloured illustrations make this a very different viewing experience from that of the softer and more realistic illustrations by Deines. Rombough’s illustrations are infused with great energy, which is especially intriguing since the broad black lines contain only static shapes of colour layered on the variously tinted pages. There is magic here that is highly reminiscent of stain glass artistry and, like the stained glass pieces, engage the viewer into active participation in the storytelling experience.The story, too, contains magic. Set in Northern Manitoba, the tale follows the adventures of two young brothers, Joe and Cody, who call the caribou with their accordion (kitoochigan) and singing. The caribou respond with great vigor, enabling the boys’ parents’ traditional hunt. There is much laughter between the boys but danger as well as the migrating animals enthusiastically stream between them. Thankfully the spirit voice of the caribou leads the boys to safety, much to the relief of their parents and the boys themselves.Many years ago, when speaking with Tomson about the translation of the first edition he expressed sorrow that it was in the more formal Cree language; he felt that it was not the dialect that was easily accessible by the very people he wished to reach with this book. I hope this translation satisfies and ratifies this aspiration for those who read Cree. It certainly satisfies the artistic appreciation of this reviewer. The 2001 version was the first book in a trilogy about Joe, Cody, their family and the traditional culture and life of the Cree in Northern Manitoba. Is this edition also the first in a trilogy? One can always hope.Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Gail de VosGail de Vos, an adjunct instructor, teaches courses on Canadian children's literature, Young Adult Literature and Comic Books and Graphic Novels at the School of Library and Information Studies for the University of Alberta and is the author of nine books on storytelling and folklore. She is a professional storyteller and has taught the storytelling course at SLIS for over two decades.

Deviation in physical and physiological seed attributes within a seed lot of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merril.

Seed quality variation as influenced by seed position on the mother plant and ovule position within the pod were studied as possible with in plant components contributing to heterogeneity in quality of seeds within lots of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merrill] cultivar PS -1092 were grown in two successive years under North-West Himalayan Agri-system. The seed quality along with subsequent seedling growth was evaluated within the plant for different stem type and pod section. The largest seed size was obtained on main stem on the mother plant where the earliest pods were formed whereas within the pod distal position had greater seed weight. Seed germination % was greatly influenced by different stem type and seed position within the pod on the mother plant and significantly higher germination % was recorded for main stem type over primary and secondary branches while seed attached at distal end within the pod had greater germination over middle and proximal location within pod. The subsequent seed and seedling vigour in terms of seedling length, fresh and dry weight of seeding, vigour index, relative growth index (RGI) and earlier germination as indicated by lower value of mean germination time (MGT) and time to 50% germination (T50) as well as electrical conductivity of seed leachates were varied in different stem type and pod section. On the basis of these parameters the seeds obtained from main stem exhibited greater vigour over primary and secondary branches respectively. However, in pod section the seed attached at distal end with in the pod exhibited greater seedling vigour than middle and proximal end of the pod section.

Efeito de diferentes temperaturas na germinação de sementes e no crescimento inicial de plântulas de Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae)

Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana é uma espécie nativa do Brasil utilizada na medicina tradicional em comunidades rurais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a temperatura mais adequada para a germinação de sementes e formação de plântulas de M. albicans. Para avaliar o efeito da temperatura sobre a germinação da espécie foram utilizadas 1200 sementes postas a germinar sob temperaturas constantes de 20, 25, 30 e 35 ºC e nas temperaturas alternadas de 20-30 e 25-35 ºC. Foram avaliados a percentagem de germinação (PG), o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), e o comprimento das raízes primárias e do caule das plântulas. Os resultados encontrados indicaram PG acima de 63% paras as sementes sob temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 20-30 ºC. Para o IVG, foram observados valores entre 2,17 a 2,93 para as sementes sob temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 20-30 ºC, indicando maior vigor; em relação ao TMG, a maioria dos tratamentos alcançou resultado acima de 15 dias, indicando que as sementes germinaram lentamente. Levando-se em consideração todos os parâmetros avaliados, a temperatura de 25 ºC propiciou o melhor desempenho para as sementes da espécie.

Genetic control of flowering in spotted gum, Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata and C. maculata

Genetically controlled asynchrony in anthesis is an effective barrier to gene flow between planted and native forests. We investigated the degree of genetically controlled variation in the timing of key floral developmental stages in a major plantation species in subtropical Australia, Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata K.D. Hill and L.A.S Johnson, and its relative C. maculata K.D. Hill and L.A.S. Johnson. Flowering observations were made in a common garden planting at Bonalbo in northern New South Wales in spring on 1855 trees from eight regions over three consecutive years, and monthly on a subset of 208 trees for 12 months. Peak anthesis time was stable over years and observations from translocated trees tended to be congruent with the observations in native stands, suggesting strong genetic control of anthesis time. A cluster of early flowering provenances was identified from the north-east of the Great Dividing Range. The recognition of a distinct flowering race from this region accorded well with earlier evidence of adaptive differentiation of populations from this region and geographically-structured genetic groupings in C. citriodora subsp. variegata. The early flowering northern race was more fecund, probably associated with its disease tolerance and greater vigour. Bud abundance fluctuated extensively at the regional level across 3 years suggesting bud abundance was more environmentally labile than timing of anthesis. Overall the level of flowering in the planted stand (age 12 years) was low (8–12% of assessed trees with open flowers), and was far lower than in nearby native stands. Low levels of flowering and asynchrony in peak anthesis between flowering races of C. citriodora subsp. variegata may partially mitigate a high likelihood of gene flow where the northern race is planted in the south of the species range neighbouring native stands.

Review of Problems of Adolescent Sexual Behavior and the Role of Millennium Development Goals 4, 5 and 6 in Nigeria

Introduction: The problems of adolescents’ sexual behavior are grave and far-reaching. Methods: Review of exiting literature via Google scholar, AJOL, Pubmed, HINARI and other relevant data bases on the common problems of adolescents’ inappropriate sexual behavior. Result: Adolescent sexual behavior could result in adolescent pregnancy which prevalence varies widely throughout Nigeria perhaps due to differences in culture and development. Abortion, the willful termination of pregnancy is another problem which is often undertaken for pregnancies resulting from incest and sexual abuse. Also common is trans-generational sex which occurs when an adolescent has non-marital sex in the last 12 months with a man who is at least 10 years older than her. Also related to this, is transactional sex found in both committed and casual relationships. It is not always done for survival because in some cultures, sex for favor is carried out for reasons other than subsistence. Furthermore, multiple sexual partners are the engagement in sex with more than one partner over a particular time frame. It may be sequential or concurrent. The high prevalence of these problems in Nigeria raises a question of the possibility of achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) 4, 5 and 6 specifically targeted at reducing child mortality, improving maternal health and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases respectively. Conclusion: Policies and strategies such as family life and HIV/AIDs education (FLHE) curriculum on adolescent reproductive health should be pursued with greater vigor in our secondary schools in addition to establishing HIV counseling centers and vocational training programs for out-of-school adolescents. WHO support and commitment to key action areas for countries and member states will build and strengthen their capacity to improve reproductive and sexual health.

Textile flammability research since 1980 – Personal challenges and partial solutions

Abstract This paper reviews the changing textile flammability research themes within the author's research group over the last 35 years and which reflect those of the academic and research communities often influenced by industrial and societal pressures. For instance, ignition studies undertaken in the early 1980s together with the effect of textile fabric structural variables reflected academic contemporaneous interests as well as those related to real hazards posed, for example, by nightwear fabrics. Also, work undertaken to study flame retardant mechanisms, especially on cotton substrates, reflected the need for commercial interests to more fully understand their chemical treatments largely developed during the 1960–1970 period. During the subsequent 1980 period, the ecotoxicological concerns regarding flame retardants in general started to develop which continue with even greater vigour at the present time. Thus research effort focussed on developing low or zero formaldehyde treatments for cotton and alternatives to bromine-based flame retardants present in back-coatings applied to furnishing fabrics which also promoted interest in the study of novel intumescents. By the 1990s, the demonstration of the potential of nanocomposite polymers with improved fire performance raised the possibility of novel textile flame retardant developments with improved environmental sustainability. More recently, nanotechnological engineering of fibre surfaces to promote improved substrate flame retardancy has created a significant literature. In conclusion, it is evident that while most of this research has improved scientific knowledge, its translation into novel commercial opportunity has been more elusive and this will probably remain the case as we move into the next ten years or so where the environmental challenges of reducing real or apparent ecotoxicological properties of flame retardant textiles remain.

Galen Recovered: Ancient explorations of bodily movement

It has been a good decade or so for the great classical physician Galen (AD 128–c.210). His long career and copious writings have been scrutinized as never before, not just for his many medical contributions, but also his philosophy and culture, and his politics and values. His experience and outlook as a Greek doctor from Pergamum in Asia Minor (Bergama in modern Turkey), who journeyed around the eastern Mediterranean in pursuit of the best medical education he could find, and eventually settled in the imperial metropolis—Rome—has proven a rich resource for those interested in a whole range of historical topics (e.g. Gill et al. , 2009). Galen lived and worked, practiced and taught, constructed, promulgated and defended his system of medicine right at the heart of a flourishing Roman Empire. He consorted with senators and emperors, curing and educating them and their families; he publically tangled with his rivals, always demonstrating the correctness of his own doctrines and therapies; and he recorded much of his activity, his life and thoughts, for posterity. It is not just that new approaches to Galen’s oeuvre have been adopted, that there is greater vigour and excitement about in the study of ancient medicine than before, but also, and perhaps more surprisingly given that almost two millennia have passed since Galen stopped writing, new material has emerged. As of today we have more of Galen than we had 10 years ago, or, at least, we are cognizant of more, and the trend is likely to continue. It is not just fragments that are being recovered, but whole treatises, in both their original Greek and the languages of their late antique and medieval translation—primarily Arabic and Latin, but also Syriac, Hebrew and Armenian. A Greek manuscript (re)discovered in the Vlatadon monastery in Thessaloniki in 2005 contains …

Cambios en la calidad de la semilla de maíz durante su desarrollo y maduración.

El objetivo del presenteestudio fue investigar los cambios en el desarrollo ymaduración de la semilla en la germinación, vigor deplántula, peso volumétrico y peso de 1.000 semillas. Eltrabajo experimental se realizó en Celaya, Guanajuato,México durante el 2001. La variedad sintética Roque 1 fuesembrada en dos repeticiones, en dos surcos de cinco metrosde longitud, espaciados a 0,75 m y dos semillas por golpe.Los muestreos se empezaron a realizar 30 días después de lafloración. Se cosecharon ocho mazorcas por tratamiento, lascuales fueron desgranados en forma manual. El diseñoexperimental fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial.Las medias de la característica de germinación y vigorpresentaron un mismo patrón de comportamiento comoíndices de maduración de la semilla. El peso volumétrico seincrementó a 71 kg/ha a los 130 días y el peso de 1000semillas no presentó un efecto significativo en la calidadfisiológica de la semilla. El máximo porcentaje degerminación y vigor se encontró cuando la humedad de lasemilla se redujo de 40 a 20%. La respuesta de los muestreosde 106 a 121 días después de la siembra fue pobre paradeterminar la calidad de la semilla. También se encontrómayor vigor y germinación en la semilla ubicada en la partebasal y media de la mazorca. Estos resultados revelan que lamadurez fisiológica no es el mejor indicador de la máximacalidad de la semilla sino la acumulación de materia seca.

The Conceptual Basis of Modern Surgery

The broad pattern of surgical practice as we know it to-day was largely designed in the fifty years that centred on the turn of the century. This was a time of great vigour and high accomplishment, when surgical adventurers the world over were ready to exploit to the full the twin discoveries of anaesthesia and antisepsis. It was the era of the “anatomical” surgeon, and speed and manual dexterity wedded to courage and imagination were the qualities that led to success and fame—and fortune. It is small wonder that some came to believe that with their definition of the possible and impossible the ultimate goal of surgery had been attained.The truth is otherwise; for though much was achieved, surgery was still largely a craft and much of its practice was empirical and ill-conceived. Nevertheless, the debt of the modern surgeon to his immediate ancestors is a substantial one. The experience and the knowledge that they gathered and disseminated has become for all time an important part of the fabric of surgical practice, though in our pride and our satisfaction in the surgery of to-day we are apt to forget it or ignore it or minimise it.

Differential sorting of individuals in territorial species affects apparent habitat quality

Territoriality leads to non-random sorting of individuals into habitats of differing quality. This can affect empirical estimates of population growth rate (λ), a measure of habitat quality, such that habitat-specific λ varies with population size. I present a simple model of territorial behavior in which territory acquisition depends on age and individual vigor. Under this model, with a low initial population, the λ associated with the best habitat stays constant until all territories are full. At that point, as less competitive individuals move to secondary habitat, the λ value in the better habitat increases. Similarly, as secondary habitat becomes occupied by individuals of successively greater vigor, λ can switch from a sink (λ 1). This means that habitat quality is not a fixed quantity but results from an interaction of the characteristics of the habitat with competitive sorting of individuals. If all individuals are in a good habitat, its conservation value will be underestimated and likewise the value of secondary habitat may not be properly assessed. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.

Aspectos de autoridad y poder en las ceremonias de canonización de Ignacio de Loyola y Francisco Javier en Portugal

The canonization of the founder of a Catholic religious order constitutes a milestone in the affirmation of authority by that order. As concerns to the Society of Jesus, it was a double canonization. Such an uncommon fact as this, clearly both demonstrates the power the Society had at the time at the Curia, and explains its intention of celebrating the auto-glorification. Its scenography, thus, aimed more to praise the triumph of the Society of Jesus through the use of allegorical figures such as Religion, Fame, Honour or Pomp, than anything else. The iconography of such festivities framed the first Jesuits saints within the history of the Society. Thus, the Portuguese jesuits paid homage, by means of the staging, to the beatified ones, the first jesuits and the martyrs. Moreover, the set pointed out its main devotions, characteristics and activities such as missionary work and teaching activities. Often canonizations of a certain figure were intimately related to political power in Early Modern Time. Therefore, Portuguese Jesuit festivities exalted, with a great vigour, feelings of nationalism during the Iberian Union’s time. In order to transmit the various aims, the organizers did not hesitate to use all Baroque celebrative resources (poetry, theatre, dance, music and visual arts). In other words, particularly luxurious and grandiose celebrations, including light, sound, colour, and odour spectacles or events (reference be made to the vases with perfume inside the churches) took place by that time.

The Great Departure: Rethinking National(ist) Common Sense

This article argues that, in order to overcome the national(ist) common sense that continues to haunt everyday political and scholarly interpretations of mobility, scholars need not diagnose nationalism with greater vigour, but should rather move beyond facile diagnoses of nationalism. The article calls for a meticulous tracing of relations and practices of emplacement and displacement that ubiquitous national(ist) interpretive frames both co-opt and exceed simultaneously. The argument is elaborated on the basis of an analysis of historical articulations of emplacement and displacement in Latvian understandings of ‘the good life’. The article pays particular attention to the ways in which the figure of the migrant has emerged historically as an aberration to Latvian understandings of the good life. It also considers how this ethical configuration is being unsettled through massive labour migration to Western Europe—or ‘the Great Departure’.