Great Disaster Research Articles

Wind-induced response of saddle membrane structure under typhoon wind field by weather research and forecasting model and computational fluid dynamics

Currently, the research on wind-induced response of membrane structures focuses on the normal wind field, and there is little research on typhoon with greater disaster. In this paper, the wind-induced response of saddle membrane structures under typhoon is studied by numerical simulation. Firstly, the wind field information of typhoon is simulated according to the Weather Research and Forecasting model, and the information is used as the inlet boundary condition of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The vibration modal analysis is carried out, considering the influence of wind field intensity, wind direction angle, rise-span ratio, and pretension on the displacement of the membrane. The results show that the probability density curve of wind-induced response has a certain skewness. The saddle membrane structure has the largest vibration amplitude of the membrane at 0° wind direction angle, and the most unfavorable wind pressure value of the membrane is negative. In reducing the displacement of the membrane, the effect of reducing the wind-induced vibration response by increasing the rise-span ratio of the structure is better than that of the pretension. This paper reveals that the law of wind-induced response can provide a theoretical basis for the design of membrane structures against typhoons.

Pain-related threat and coordination in adults with chronic low back pain during a lifting task: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesPeople with low back pain (LBP) exhibit altered coordination, possibly indicating guarded movement. The connection between these changes and pain-related threat remains unclear. We aimed to determine if pain-related threat was related to spinal coordination and variability, during a lifting task, in people with chronic LBP. MethodsParticipants were adults with chronic LBP (n = 47). Upper lumbar, lower lumbar, and hipkinematics were measured during 10crate lifting/lowering repetitions. Coordination and variability of the Hip-Lower Lumbar, and Lower Lumbar-Upper Lumbar joint pairs were calculated. Pain-related threat was measured using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and task-specific fear. Linear regression analyses tested the relationship between pain-related threat and coordination. ResultsAdding catastrophizing to our base model (sex) explained variance in Hip-Lower lumbar coordination (r2 change = 0.125, p = 0.013). General and task specific measures of fear were unrelated to coordination and variability at both joint pairs (r2 change < 0.064, p > 0.05). Exploratory t-tests revealed subgroups aligned with phenotypes of “tight” and “loose” control, where “tight” control was characterized by greater catastrophizing and disability. ConclusionPain catastrophizing, but not measures of fear, was related to more in-phase (“tight”) Hip-Lower Lumbar coordination during lifting/lowering. Considering this relationship based on subgroups may add clarity.

The indirect effects of perfectionism on athletes' self-views through maladaptive emotion regulation.

In general, increased levels of perfectionism have been associated with increased levels of burnout, heightened levels of depression and anxiety, lowered self-esteem, and poorer overall performance, yet perfectionistic strivings within athletes have also been associated with lower burnout and better performance in some contexts. The current study investigated whether emotion regulation strategies would indirectly link perfectionism with self-esteem in young adults who had participated in competitive athletics. Two hundred and fifty-three primarily white (60.0 %), female (83.0 %) undergraduate students who had participated in competitive athletics completed a series of questionnaires including: the Self-liking and Self-Competence Scale - Revised, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the short form of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to examine the indirect association between perfectionism and self-esteem through emotion regulation. Higher self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism were both indirectly associated with lower self-liking and self-competence through greater catastrophizing and self-blame. For individuals like athletes, who experience internal and external pressures, increased perfectionism may lead to negative self-views through maladaptive emotion regulation. However, longitudinal and experimental work is needed to establish this proposed pattern of relationships.

“Land Without Identifiable Ownership” in the Post-East Japan Earthquake Recovery: Lawful Land-Grabbing in Neoliberal Japan

AbstractThis paper, with a focus on the status of tsunami disaster victims affected by the 2011 East Japan Earthquake, investigates into the status of private property rights in facing with the reviving legal instrumentalism in Japan, under the campaign of land law reform for the elimination of “land without identifiable owners” in the name of facilitating the disaster recovery, by means of the “special zone” method or the designation of lawless areas where the normal time law is excluded, with the particularly targeted area for such exclusion being the constitutional requirements of due process and fair compensation in public taking. Under the extraordinary setting of absolute majority of conservative party at the National Diet in the aftermath of the 2011 great disaster, legislations in Japan during this decade have been characterized by a manifestation of neo-liberal policy, driving the entire Japanese legal system into a corner. Facts observed in present Japanese society are not different from those observed in other authoritarian regimes in Asia, including the phenomenon of “land grabbing” by the governmental projects, which Asia once experienced a century ago for the colonial land enclosure by “wasteland management.”

Academic Development of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Students in Post-Earthquake Hybrid Education

The earthquake that occurred in the Pazarcik district of Kahramanmaras on 6 February (2023) deeply affected everyone and caused a great loss of life. In accordance with the decisions taken throughout the country after the great disaster, part of the university education was transferred to the hybrid education system. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of hybrid education on physiotherapy and rehabilitation students from the students' perspective. A total of 156 students were included from the Departmant of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation in this study. The questions were answered using with the Google Forms and the percentages of the answers were calculated. In this process, 14% of the students participating in the study attended a foreign language course, 22% made an observation for internship, 36% attended professional development courses, 60% researched postgraduate programmes, 62% attended online bachelor courses, 85% voluntarily attended face-to-face bachelor courses, 80% were concerned about the distance education process, 49% were trying to determine their field of physiotherapy, 67% of them had a positive change of opinion about the profession of physiotherapist, 57% of them could contact their academics, 20% of them participated in online symposium and congress, 44% of them did regular exercises and 63% of them experienced musculoskeletal pain during part of online courses in hybrid education. The results showed that even if the students who received hybrid education encountered negative situations, such as concerns about the educational process, the educational process had a positive effect on the students.

High genetic diversity of the himalayan marmot relative to plague outbreaks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Plague, as an ancient zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, has brought great disasters. The natural plague focus of Marmota himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest, which has been constantly active and the leading source of human plague in China for decades. Understanding the population genetics of M. himalayana and relating that information to the biogeographic distribution of Yersinia pestis and plague outbreaks are greatly beneficial for the knowledge of plague spillover and arecrucial for pandemic prevention. In the present research, we assessed the population genetics of M. himalayana. We carried out a comparative study of plague outbreaks and the population genetics of M. himalayana on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We found that M. himalayana populations are divided into two main clusters located in the south and north of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Fourteen DFR genomovars of Y. pestis were found and exhibited a significant region-specific distribution. Additionally, the increased genetic diversity of plague hosts is positively associated with human plague outbreaks. This insight gained can improve our understanding of biodiversity for pathogen spillover and provide municipally directed targets for One Health surveillance development, which will be an informative next step toward increased monitoring of M. himalayana dynamics.

Response of granite residual soil slopes under dry–wet cycles

Granite residual soil is widely distributed in the southern coastal areas of China, and the slopes of granite residual soil are prone to instability and failure under the alternating action of rainfall and drying, which will cause great disasters to human society. In order to study the response mechanism of granite residual soil slopes under the alternating action of rainfall–drying–static–rainfall (RDSR), this study conducted indoor scaling model tests to analyze the response during dry and wet cycles. This study presented the response process of the slope under the influence of dry and wet cycles and discussed the change laws of slope deformation, water content, and matric suction. The results show that, under the alternating action of rainfall–drying–static–rainfall, 1) the network cracks on the slope form a dominant channel for rainwater seepage, which is the main reason for the rapid decline in soil anti-sliding ability within a short time; 2) at a rainfall intensity of 1.7–2.4 mm/min, the erosion effect of rain on the slope is obviously stronger than that of osmotic erosion, and the surface erosion failure of the granite residual soil slope tends to occur without an obvious sliding surface; 3) after the loss of matric suction over a certain period, the phenomenon of channeling and loss failure on the slope serve as a sufficient condition for slope instability failure but is not a necessary condition. The above research results are expected to provide the basis and reference for preventing and controlling landslide hazards in granite residual soil slopes under similar conditions.

Pandemic Pastoral and Post-Pastoral Occasions in Poetry of the Covid-19 Crisis

Why does the pastoral aesthetic, as well its many contemporary, prefixed versions (anti-pastoral, dark pastoral, post pastoral, etc.), feature so prominently in poetry written on and during the Covid-19 crisis? Taking this question as a starting point to critical exploration, this article analyses how the topical poetry written during the period of the first lockdown in Britain (March-June 2020) relied extensively on the classical literary convention to articulate the experience of the pandemic. Taking as corpus the poems featured in the “Write Where We Are Now” online anthology curated by Carol Ann Duffy in 2020, this paper analyses how using and subverting pastoral tropes and effects allowed poets to reflect upon one of the great catastrophes of the early 21th century, linking the trauma of mass death to contemporary questions on (eco)poetry and its relation to nature and the environment.

Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Models for Accurate Detection of Plant Diseases: A Comprehensive Survey

Agriculture plays an important role towards the economic growth of any nation. It also has a significant effect on global GDP. The enhancement in agro production helps in controlling greatly the inflation. Today a large percentage of population from rural India is still dependent on agriculture. But every year there is a huge loss happen in agriculture due to different plant diseases. A farmer does not able to recognise any plant disease at its beginning stage due to insufficient knowledge. Sometimes they take help of agriculture officers in this process. However, if the infection level has grown by that point, it typically leads to a significant crop loss. Also the diagnosis made by the agriculture officer based on their past experience, is always not accurate. Computational vision-based solutions can be used to deal with this great disaster to a large extent. Computer vision mainly deals with different algorithms that enable a computer to identify a hidden pattern for recognition using image or video data. In this work a detailed investigation has been performed on the different computer vision based solutions proposed by different authors to detect various crop diseases.

Experiences of operating room nurses in disaster preparedness of a great disaster in Iran: a qualitative study

BackgroundIn recent years, Iran has encountered a growing frequency of earthquake disasters. Given that nurses constitute the largest group of healthcare providers, it is imperative that they possess adequate disaster preparedness skills, irrespective of the location or time. Despite the operating room nurses’ roles in disasters, their experiences and challenges in disaster preparedness have been overlooked. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the experiences, challenges, perspectives, and factors influencing the disaster preparedness of operating room nurses during the 2017 earthquake in Kermanshah, Iran.MethodsThe present qualitative research was carried out in Iran In 2022 utilizing conventional content analysis. The study involved conducting semi-structured interviews with 16 operating room nurses who had participated in disaster preparedness during the Kermanshah earthquake. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling approach that aimed to achieve maximum diversity. The interviews were continued until the point of data saturation was reached, and the verbatim transcripts were analyzed using conventional content analysis in MAXQDA software. To ensure the rigor of the research, Guba and Lincoln’s criteria were employed.ResultsThe study conducted data analysis to identify the main theme as “insufficient disaster preparedness due to a faded preparedness”, along with six major categories and eighteen subcategories related to earthquake disaster preparedness. The major categories included: knowledge and perception of preparedness for disasters; educational and training programs for disaster preparedness; equipment preparedness for disasters; managerial-organizational preparedness for disasters; clinical skills for responding to disasters; and resilient ability in disaster response situations.ConclusionThe findings of the study provide valuable insights into the dimensions of disaster preparedness in earthquake disasters among operating room nurses. Nursing managers can utilize these findings to develop effective strategies and provide support in areas such as improving knowledge and educational level, equipment preparedness, strengthening plans and managerial structures, enhancing skills, and explaining resilience strategies to improve the disaster preparedness of operating room nurses and medical organizations’ disaster response teams.

Zühd Döneminde Teşekkül Eden Korku ve Sevgi Ekollerinin Kurucusu İki Sûfî ve Zühd Anlayışlarının Mukayesesi

Zühd Döneminde Teşekkül Eden Korku ve Sevgi Ekollerinin Kurucusu İki Sûfî ve Zühd Anlayışlarının Mukayesesi

A sentiment analysis method for COVID-19 network comments integrated with semantic concept

In recent years, the new coronavirus COVID-19 has brought great disaster and loss to the world and is still spreading around the world. The situation in China is generally well controlled, and the lockdown has been removed, but the comments and messages about the epidemic persist online. For people working and living normally in China, their attitudes and views toward COVID-19 directly reflect the current situation of the pandemic. This paper collected Chinese microblogs, forums, and online comments, identified the latest comments about COVID-19, and conducted a sentiment analysis of them. Specifically, we proposed a new sentiment analysis method that integrated the semantics of words with the text analyzed. Different from the traditional sentiment analysis method which only relied on sentiment words, the proposed method extended the semantic concepts of affective words by integrating the semantic conceptual information about the affective words from the context of the comments and thus, provided information to support the final judgment of the affective opinions. The proposed approach incorporated the part-of-speech embedding information along with word embedding and relies on semantic concepts to enhance the emotional expression of words in context. The experimental results showed that by integrating the semantics of words, the accuracy of sentiment analysis is substantially improved, and it also reflected that different semantics of the same word have different influences on sentiment analysis. On several benchmark datasets, there was a 3–6% improvement in accuracy.

The Study of Psychological Impact of Disasters on People Based on Short Video Plateform

After a great disaster, peoples psychology often produces related problems and shadows. On July 20, 2021, peoples homes were destroyed after a rainstorm in Henan, China. The death or injury of a loved one. Some survivors even saw people die in front of their eyes. These are the reasons why people are traumatized. However, in modern society, people do not attach importance to the intervention of others and the importance of psychological counseling. Instead, they advocate self-regulation and self-digestion of these pains, fears, and anxieties. However, these cannot be resolved only by using personal power. As a result, peoples psychological state has become increasingly worrying. This paper uses the comments in the short video about the incident to study the information that can be displayed in the comments. For example, the content of comments by reviewers, the IP address of reviewers, and the number of likes or comments. The results show the psychological impact on people in Henan Province. Some of them have psychological trauma after the disaster. Besides, People in provinces adjacent to Henan Province had noticeable feelings, impressions, and attention to the event.

Seismic performance assessment of typical vertical light industrial building structures based on IDA method

Abstract The seismic response of a typical vertical light industrial building structure is complex, and once damage occurs, it will cause great disasters and losses, so it is very important to evaluate the seismic performance of vertical light industrial building structures. This paper firstly analyzes the IDA principle and determines the ground shaking strength index and structural damage index based on the IDA curve. Secondly, the structural vulnerability curve and the model are derived based on typical vertical light industrial structures, and the structural characteristics of typical vertical light industrial buildings are analyzed. Finally, the seismic performance of the building structure is evaluated and analyzed based on the IDA method, and the seismic vulnerability analysis is carried out for vertical light industrial buildings with different concrete structures. The PA values of CFST structures in four limit states are 0.81g, 0.21g, 0.34g and 0.47g, which are slightly higher than those of RC structures and have better seismic performance.

ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ В МИРОВОЙ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ

This paper presents an analysis of the reflection of the First World War as the greatest disaster that initiated the existence of the "lost generation" in world fiction. As our research has shown, not so many writers devoted pages of their works to this topic. However, such iconic authors as Erich Maria Remarque, Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald became classics who created the image of the "lost generation" in their works. They talked without censorship and embellishment about the most terrible moments at the front, about the consequences faced by the surviving soldiers. Their works do not allow new generations to forget about the First World War and should remain the same postulate for centuries.

The Greek photographer Nelly’s: the interplay of personal and socio-cultural theme of ‘rebirth’

This article presents a psychobiography study of the famous Greek photographer Ellie Sougioultzoglou-Seraidari (Nelly’s) (1899–1998). Nelly’s was born in Aidini (Asia Minor), and in her early years she experienced the tragic events of the Greek-Turkish War (1919–1923). She studied photography in Dresden (Germany), and worked in Athens (Greece) and New York (U.S.A.). A narrative and cultural psychology framework was adopted to explore the way that Nelly’s constructed her life story. An adjusted version of the ‘Life-Story Interview’ (McAdams & Bowman, 2001) was used that distinguishes between redemption versus contamination narratives. The narrative analysis of autobiographical materials revealed turning points and a central life theme. The photographer appeared to construct her life story as a process of reinventing herself or managing ‘rebirth’. This construction matches the dominant narrative of Greek refugees of Asia Minor, following what is known in European history as the Asia Minor ‘Great Catastrophe’ (1922). Both narratives are surviving and thriving stories of ‘rebirth’. The importance of making meaning of life stories within a specific socio-cultural and historical context is emphasised. Practice and research suggestions are provided.

Directly and ultrasensitivity detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in pharyngeal swab solution by using SERS-based biosensor

The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a great disaster to the economy and human society. Nowadays, SARS-CoV-2 is fading away from people’s memory but it still exists around us. PCR plays an important role in detecting SARS-CoV-2 but it requires a long detecting time, equipped laboratory, and professional operators. In comparison with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 due to its fast, easily operated, and high-sensitivity properties. In this study, the monolayer Ag nanoparticles (MAgNPs) covered with single-layer graphene (SLG) are applied as a SERS substrate. The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is selected as a bio-probes that can specifically bind to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The SERS-based biosensor is formed by ACE2 functionalized SLG/MAgNPs and the LODs of detecting SARS-CoV-2 S protein in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in pharyngeal swabs solution (PSS) are 0.1 fg mL−1 and 10 fg mL−1, respectively. This biosensor provides a way of directly detecting SARS-CoV-2 S protein with high sensitivity and specificity. It illustrates a practical potential in the rapid detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

EARTHQUAKES AND DISASTER EDUCATION IN OUR COUNTRY AND IN THE WORLD

It is known that in almost every period of human history, people have experienced great disasters. Disasters can mostly be of natural origin, earthquakes, floods, landslides, or they can also occur as terrorism, fire, and major accidents caused by humans. the place, time and form of disasters cannot be known beforehand, they can also create different effects in terms of the results they reveal; It can cause economic losses, especially building damages and losses, and social and psychological destructions.&#x0D; &#x0D; Disaster education is very important for creating disaster-resilient communities. The primary goal is to increase people's knowledge, awareness and interest in disasters through disaster education that will be given to all the society. With these educations on disaster, it is certain that people will not only be informed about proactive approaches and measures before a disaster, but will also be more conscious of what to do in the event of a disaster and better prepared to respond to disasters. Thus, people can protect themselves from the disasters that occur.

MEASURING KEY DETERMINANT FACTORS OF RESPONSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR AMONG SECONDARY PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA

The environment is very important to sustain the prosperity of the nation, society, and human beings. Negligence to protect the environment will result in great catastrophes by causing natural disasters to plague mankind. Environmental education has been regarded as a strategic solution to overcome challenging environmental issues. there is no specific subject on environmental education in the Malaysian school syllabus which led to poor public awareness, lack of understanding, and exposure to environmental issues and knowledge. Hence, this study is conducted to measure the level of environmental literacy among secondary school students in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Descriptive research design and correlation were used in this study. Instruments for Environmental Attitude Inventory (EAI) comprises a scale of 1-5 ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree and was distributed to 120 from four students who were selected using simple random sampling. The finding shows that the value of the Adjusted R square is 0.260, which indicates that the factor-independent variables (knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes) only contributed to 26% of the influencing dependent variable (responsible environmental behavior). This value is more appropriate for determining the actual value in a population with a small sample size. Coefficients multiple linear regressions show that the value of t=0.358 shows knowledge does not influence responsible behavior while the most dominant is attitude. It is hoped that the findings from this research will contribute to environmental education in Malaysia.

Analysis of Marriott's Financial Position under the Epidemic

The Covid-19 outbreak is a great catastrophe affecting the world, affecting most industries from 2019 to 2020, and the hospitality and tourism industries are the most vulnerable to the external environment. This paper uses Marriott, a well-established hospitality and travel company, to study the operations of the listed hotel group in light of the impact of the epidemic. This report analyses Marriott and compares it to one of its competitors through the lens of financial data in four categories. The four data items show that Marriott's fiscal position has deteriorated as a result of the epidemic and that Marriott is taking steps to mitigate its financial position. This study allows the hotel group to identify the problems that are reflected in its finances and to resolve them. Marriott needs to return to normal operations as soon as possible and increase its profitability through more marketing to attract more customers, given the enormous financial losses it is receiving.