Integrated crop-livestock systems with no tillage (ICLS-NT) have emerged as more responsible modes of production. Different fertilization strategies can optimize the productivity and profitability of ICLS-NT. However, it is necessary to understand how these strategies can change soil quality. This study aimed to investigate how different fertilization strategies within the ICLS-NT impact the biochemical and chemical attributes of the soil, as well as the productivity and profitability of the system. An ICLS-NT experiment was conducted with beef cattle grazing in winter and soybean cultivation in summer, structured in a 2×2 factorial arrangement, starting in 2019 and evaluated after 3 years (2021/2022 harvest). The first factor was the timing of fertilization: conventional Fertilization (CF - application of phosphorus and potassium during soybean sowing), and system Fertilization (SF - application of phosphorus and potassium in pasture). The second factor was the application of 100 kg ha–1 of nitrogen to the Brachiaria pasture: with application (+N) or without application (–N), resulting in four treatments distributed in three blocks. The system fertilization showed greater biochemical activity, nutrient availability, forage accumulation, increased animal stocking, and animal weight gain, regardless of the level of nitrogen. The strategy SF+N also provided an increase of 438 kg ha–1 in soybean grain productivity, which added to profits from animal production culminating in 407.35 US$ ha–1 of net income more than what was obtained in reference treatment (CF–N). The findings highlight that applying fertilizers after the crop phase is an effective strategy for replenishing soil nutrients, activating microbial processes and improving soil quality. This approach means a more sustainable agricultural practice, reducing environmental impact and at the same time reinforcing profitability in ICLS-NT.