Gray Forest Research Articles

Influence of the technology elements on the soybean georgia’s variety yield in the Ryazan region

The article presents the results of two-year tests and gives a comparative assessment of the bacterial preparation and chemical disinfectants on the productivity of soybeans of the George variety. In the scheme of the experiment, the inoculant Nitragine KM was studied, SP - 0.08 kg / 1 ha seed rate and chemical preparations Tirada, SC - 2.0 l / t + Tabu, HSK - 1.0 l / t + Nitragin KM, SP - 0.08 kg / 1 ha seed rate. The studies were conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the experimental field of the institute. Soil: dark gray forest heavy loam, humus content 3.8%, mobile potassium 153 mg / kg, mobile phosphorus 226 mg / kg, pH - 4.88, exchange calcium. The predecessor is winter wheat. Determination of germination of soybean seeds showed that laboratory and field germination when using an inoculant (option 2) and chemical disinfectants + an inoculant (option 3) practically did not differ from the control variant and were at the level of 86% - 91.4%. The safety of plants for harvesting was 6.5% - 14.1% more than in the control. Two-year testing of technology elements in the cultivation of soybeans using the inoculant Nitragin KM, SP and chemical disinfectants had a positive effect on the productivity of the crop. The safety of plants for harvesting was 84.5 - 92.1%, the yield of the crop increased by 113.6 - 125.8%.

THE EFFECT OF MYCORIZATION OF SEED AND SOIL BIOFERTILIZER ON THE FORMATION OF INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN PLANTS

This article presents the results of field research on the effect of seed treatment with the Mycofriend mycorrhizal biopreparation and the use of Groundfix soil biological fertilizer in pre-sowing cultivation, under different rates of mineral fertilization, on the formation of elements of individual plant productivity, namely the number of beans per plant, the number of grains per plant, mass grains from one plant and the mass of 1000 grains. The early ripening soybean variety of the Ukrainian selection Diadema Podillya was used for the study. The research was carried out during 2017-2021 at the research field of the "Agronomichne" research center of the VNAU. On the basis of the received data of the five-year cycle of field research, it was established that on the gray forest soils of the Right-bank forest-steppe, the most optimal conditions for the growth processes and development of soybean plants, and as a result of the formation of high individual productivity, are made under the conditions of applying mineral fertilizers in the norm of N60P60K60, soil biological Graunfix fertilizers (5 l/ha) and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend (1,5 l/t). Under these conditions, the maximum number of beans per plant was obtained in the experiment, 27,2 pcs. (19,3 pcs. on the control), the number of grains per plant is 47,2 pcs. (37,5 pcs. on the control), the weight of grains from the plant is 7,6 g (5,43 g on the control) and the weight of 1000 grains is 160,9 g (145,1 g on the control). It should be noted that the variant of the experiment, which involved the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N45P45K45, the application of Groundfix at the rate of 5 l/ha and the treatment of seeds with the mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend (1.5 l/t) ensured the formation of indicators of individual plant productivity at the same level as the variant with the introduction of only mineral fertilizers at the rate of N60P60K60, and in some cases even exceeded it. At the same time, the number of beans per plant was 22,0 pcs., the number of grains per plant was 41,3 pcs., the weight of grains per plant was 6,32 g, and the weight of 1000 grains was 153,4 g.

Biological Diagnostics of the Ecological State of Gray Forest Soil Under Conditions of Intense Agrogenic Load

Biological Diagnostics of the Ecological State of Gray Forest Soil Under Conditions of Intense Agrogenic Load

Variability in Mobile Nitrogen Content in Gray Forest Soils of Opolye High Plains under Specific Environmental Agri-Technologies

Variability in Mobile Nitrogen Content in Gray Forest Soils of Opolye High Plains under Specific Environmental Agri-Technologies

Физико-химическая оценка почвы в технологии выращивания озимого тритикале

In the experiment, it was found that the productivity indicators of the aboveground mass of winter triticale of the Tribune variety and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in their plant tissues are generally consistent with water-physical, physico-chemical parameters and with soil bonification data. It was found that there were no differences in the mass of green leaves and the dry mass of the aboveground part of triticale on chernozem typical of agrocenosis and virgin soil. Of the forest soils, the smallest mass of triticale leaves was obtained on gray forest and turf alluvial, and the largest on sod–podzolic light loamy soil. Plants with massive leaves were also obtained on alluvial meadow soil of the same light loamy granulometric composition. The water content of triticale leaves, as a rule, does not depend on soil fertility. Only on the chernozem-meadow soil of the trunk strips of the apple orchard, in contrast to the row-to-row soil, the hydration of the leaves turned out to be significantly higher. This can be explained by a less acidic reaction, greater hygroscopicity and nitrogen content in the soil of the trunk strip. In summary, winter triticale plants are recommended to be used as a test crop when assessing the degree of soil cultivation. Keywords: WINTER TRITICALE, DEGREE OF CULTIVATION, BIOINDICATION, APPLE ORCHARD, NATURAL LANDS

PLANT COMPOSITION AND SOIL PROPERTIES DURING POSTAGROGENIC EVOLUTION IN THE CIS-BAIKAL FOREST-STEPPE ZONE

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine the features of the restoration of plant communities and some properties of gray forest soils, including the humus state, during their post-agrogenic transformation in the conditions of the Cis-Baikal forest-steppe zone.
 Materials and methods. The study was carried out using the post-agrogenic chronosequences, including arable land, abandoned soils of different ages, and natural cenoses (meadow and forest). Traditional methods of phytocenology were applied to study the plant composition. Mixed soil samples from three trenches were collected from the former arable layer of 0–20 cm. The content of organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (N), and the C/N ratio, the pH(H2O) and pH(KCL) values, as well as soil density and the reserves of Corg were determined. The statistical processing of data was performed using One Way ANOVA (Sigma Plot from Windows Version 14.0).
 Results. It was shown that plant vegetation being typical for the Baikal forest-steppe zone was recovering after the cessation of plowing. At the same time, the several ruderal species were preserved in the plant composition during a long period. This specific phenomenon could be the cause for inhibition of terminal phytocenoses formation. Along with the change in the vegetation, a significant increase in the organic carbon content was revealed in the soils of chronosequences. At the later stages of post-agrogenic succession the carbon reserves in soil were 1.5 times higher than those in arable soil. The humus content in the soils increased with age of the abandoned lands, but no cardinal changes in its qualitative composition were observed. The data indicated the stable functioning of the system of humus substances in the gray forest soils of the Baikal forest-steppe zone during their post-agrogenic evolution.
 Conclusion. The results can be used for the forecast of post-agrogenic soil changes under various scenarios of land use in conditions of the Baikal region.

Агроэкологическое обоснование приемов возделывания озимой пшеницы на серых лесных почвах Центрального Черноземья

Studies of gray forest soils used for cultivation in the grain-tillage crop rotation in the Kursk region are presented. Based on the research results, a conclusion is made about the problems of gas exchange in gray forest soil in the study region. The quality of agriculture in the conditions of the research site meets the standards and the indicators of the content of various forms of nitrogen are within the normal range for the formation of a high-quality winter wheat crop. Keywords: GRAY FOREST SOIL, WINTER WHEAT, MINERAL NUTRITION, FUNGICIDE, HERBICIDE, SOIL NITRATES

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ БИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПРИ ВНЕСЕНИИ КУРИНОГО ПОМЕТА

In this work, the analysis of bushiness, stem height and other biometric indicators of winter wheat was carried out. The research was carried out in the fields of the Pestrechinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan by Ak Bars Pestretsy LLC. The soils of the studied areas are classified as light gray forest, with humus content - 3.0%, acidity - 8.0, phosphorus - 295.0 mg/kg, potassium - 70.0 mg/kg. Three plots were taken for the experiments: control - experimental plot (without the introduction of chicken manure and Mephosphon preparation), experimental 1 (rotted chicken manure was introduced), experimental 2 (chicken manure treated with Mephosphon was introduced). The aim of the research is to study the effect of chicken manure on crop yields. The experiments were carried out when sowing winter wheat of the “Skipetr-E” variety in the period from 04/19/2021 to 06/01/2021. Wheat bushiness in the soil, with the introduction of rotted chicken manure, increased by 36.84%, the weight of the raw stem by 15.9 %, dry stem weight by 22.2%, raw root weight by 138%, and dry root weight decreased by 14.3-3% compared to the control (soil without chicken manure). The bushiness of wheat in the soil, with the introduction of chicken manure treated with Mephosphon, increased by 73.68%, the weight of the raw stem by 43.74%, the weight of the dry stem by 77.7%, the weight of the raw root by 200%, and the weight of the dry root 157 % increased compared to control. Thus, the use of chicken manure treated with Mephosphone improves soil fertility due to the nutrient cycle caused by changes in the dynamics of soil microbes.

МИНЕРАЛЬНОЕ ПИТАНИЕ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ НОРМАХ ВЫСЕВА НА СЕРЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЧВАХ ПРЕДКАМЬЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The article summarizes the results of experiments on the study and development of methods for optimizing mineral nutrition for spring wheat on the soils of the Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan at different seeding rates in order to increase the yield and quality of grain. Field research was carried out in 2022 on the territory of Agrobiotechnopark LLC of Kazan State Agrarian University, located in the Pre-Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The object of the study was spring wheat of the Yoldyz variety, cultivated in conditions of gray forest soil. For the experiment, a soil of gray forest heavy loam was selected, containing 3.0 (according to Tyurin) units of humus, 176 mg of mobile phosphorus, 109 mg/kg of exchangeable potassium (according to Kirsanov) and 27.3 bases per 100 g of soil in a layer of 0-20 cm. The saturation of the bases was 87.7%, and the pH of the salt extract solution was 5.6. For the experiment, a series of four seeding rates was applied - 4, 5, 6, and 7 million seeds per hectare for each nutrient background. Several plots with different nutrient backgrounds and consistent seeding rates were randomly located. The total area of the plots was 60 m2, and the accounting area was 50 m2. Scheme of the experiment: I background - without fertilizers (control); II background - calculated background for the planned grain yield of 3 tons / ha; III background - calculated background for the planned grain yield of 4 tons/ha. The optimal seeding rate was 5 million/ha for the fertilized variety and 4 million/ha for the natural variety and led to an increase in yield by 1060-1200 kg per hectare compared to the control. With a seeding rate of 6 million/ha on the II and III nutrient background, the gluten content increased by 1.8% compared to the natural background.

Comparative evaluation of early potato varieties and the mid-season variety Zlatka and ways to improve their seed production efficiency in the forest-steppe of Priobye

The paper provides data on the comparative assessment of early potato varieties on two main soil types in the forest-steppe of Priobye. The experiments were conducted from 2020 to 2022 in the Novosibirsk District of the Novosibirsk Region on leached chernozem soil at the "Praktik" Experimental Farm (a division of Novosibirsk SAU) and on grey forest heavy loamy soil at CJSC agricultural enterprise "Michurinets." The research aimed to study the efficiency of using the modern gene pool of early potato varieties and to explore ways to improve their virus-free seed production. The study achieved high potato variety yields in conditions of leached chernozem soil ("Praktik") and grey forest heavy loamy soil (CJSC agricultural enterprise "Michurinets") located in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priobye. Leached chernozem on experimental plots had a humus content of 6.76%, gross nitrogen of 0.24%, phosphorus of 0.21%, and potassium 1.25%. The concentration of quickly hydrolysable nitrogen was 12.3, mobile phosphorus was 25.2, and exchangeable potassium was 12 mg/100 g of soil, with a pH of 5.89. Grey forest soil contained 3.8% humus with a pH of 5.53; Nitrate nitrogen of about 10 mg/kg; mobile phosphorus of 12.8 mg/100 g; Exchangeable potassium of 9.2 mg/100 g of soil. The research showed that on grey forest soil in open ground conditions, the productivity of early potato varieties was as follows: Red Scarlett - about 32 t/ha, Rozara - 30 t/ha, and the mid-season variety Zlatka - 28 t/ha. It was demonstrated that the seed fraction in the yield dominated these varieties. The authors noted a coefficient of variation of the fractional composition at the level of V=12.6-28%, depending on the array. The highest yield of virus-free tubers was observed in the Terra and Santé varieties. On leached chernozem soil during the study of early types, the minimum productivity was 1024 g/plant for the Rozara variety, 987 g/plant for the Riviera variety, and 986 g/plant for the Kolomba variety, which is significantly higher than the standard (Lyubava variety). It was statistically determined that the yield of early potatoes depended on genotype by 37% and on the year's conditions by 27%.

The influence of anthropogenic trampling of gray forest soils on their physical properties

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine quantitative and relative indicators that significantly affect the physical properties of gray forest soils within the park ecological trail, to show changes in the compacted soil during natural recovery. Physical properties were determined in 3-fold repetition with the help of three-dimensional cylinders, followed by the calculation of their density and porosity. Population of physiologically active roots of the upper 0.5-meter layer of gray forest soils was determined by the monolith method in 5-fold repetition. It was found out that under the influence of anthropogenic trampling, the greatest degradation changes of the studied physical indicators are manifested in the upper 10-centimeter layer of gray forest soils. An increase in the density by 32.1–38.0% and solids content of the soil by 14.1–22.8%, as well as a decrease in the volume of pores by 32.0–44.3% was recorded and mass of physiologically active roots of woody plants by 84.6–91.2%. The natural restoration of soil occurs most intensively in the upper 5-cm layer. At the same time, over a 15-year period, the following changes were observed – a decrease in density by 19.5%, the content of solid particles by 9.9%, an increase in the content of pores by 39.1% and physiologically active roots woody plants by 330.0%. Quantitative and relative indicators of their physical properties obtained for anthropogenically compacted gray forest soils explain the changes in the mass of physiologically active roots of deciduous woody plants that grow in the centers with anthropogenically compacted soils.

Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium by Vegetables at Different Levels of Gray Forest Soil Moistening in the Conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium by Vegetables at Different Levels of Gray Forest Soil Moistening in the Conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Fertilization of Annual Grasses on Gray Forest Soils of the Vladimir Opole

In a long-term stationary experiment, the effect of fertilizers on the yield of annual grasses (vetch and pea mixtures) and the nitrifying activity of gray forest soils were studied. For 8 years, both without the use of fertilizers and with them, the yield of herbs changed by 1.72–1.88 times. It was found that the use of nitrogen of mineral fertilizers provided 88.3% of the total variation in their yield, the aftereffect of manure – 8.1, the aftereffect of РК fertilizers – 1.8%. For 7 out of 8 years, a high degree of correlation between the yield of grasses and the reserves of N-NO3 in the 0–40 cm layer of soil in the phase of grass germination was revealed. At the same time, the minimum reserves of N-NO3 were formed at a hydrothermal coefficient for the growing season equal to 1.21. The use of fertilizers, increased moisture content and temperatures during the growing season of grasses led to an increase in the nitrification activity of gray forest soil. It is proposed to evaluate the participation of mobile forms of nitrogen in plant nutrition in relation to the content of N-NO3 in the soil to the content of N-NH4 in the water extract (1 : 1). The values of this parameter in the phases of germination and harvesting of grasses confirmed the determining role of N-NO3 reserves in the nutrition of annual grasses. The difference coefficients of the use of nitrogen Naa in doses N60 and N75, which ranged from 40 to 49%, were calculated. An algorithm for calculating the size of the accumulation of N-NO3 during the growing season of grasses is proposed. In nitrogen-fertilized variants, a good coincidence of the utilization coefficients of accumulating N-NO3 reserves with the difference ones has been established.

Efficiency of Application of Municipal Wastewater Sludge During Reclamation of Oily Gray Forest Soil

Under the conditions of a model experiment, the effect of granular sludge of urban wastewater on the characteristics of reclaimed gray forest medium-carbonaceous soil with different levels of oil pollution was studied. The main physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of wastewater sludge, information on the content of biogenic elements, toxicity and efficiency of petroleum products destruction in soil samples incubated with and without granulate under different approaches to reclamation are presented. The introduction of granulate of wastewater sludge into oily gray forest medium-carbonaceous soil enriches the microbial pool, leads to an increase in the carbon content of the microbial mass. The additional introduction of biogenic elements with granular sediment of wastewater increases the resistance of microbocenoses to pollutant, reduces the time for restoration of properties and fertility of oily soil. It has been shown that the introduction of granular sewage sludge into soil samples containing 2.719.7 g/kg of petroleum products at the rate of 10 t/ha leads to 1.72.5-fold intensification of destruction processes, reduces the toxic effect of the pollutant, which indicates the possibility of its effective use in the reclamation of oily soils.

Квантильный анализ плотности сложения и пористости целинных серых лесных почв юга Тюменской области

Statistical processing of a large array of data on the density of addition and total porosity of virgin gray forest soils in the south of the Tyumen region was performed. Quantile analysis (boxplot diagrams) was used to estimate the variability of values. It is established that the type of gray forest soils has relatively favorable agrophysical properties. The average density of the humus horizon (A1) in all three subtypes has values that fall within the range of the "optimum" of most agricultural crops. The illuvial horizon of light gray and actually gray forest soils is compacted, therefore, when these soils are introduced into arable land in rainy years, there is a high probability of violation of aeration and surface waterlogging. Keywords: GRAY FOREST SOILS, ADDITION DENSITY, POROSITY, QUANTILE ANALYSIS, BOXPLOT DIAGRAM

Effect of Long-Term Use of Straw and Siderates on Gray Forest Soil on the Productivity of Agrocenoses

A study in a stationary field experiment on gray forest soil of the Tomsk region proved the advantage of biologization of agriculture with the use of biological resources of agrocenoses (straw and siderates) in the grain-steam crop rotation. Regular application of only N45 before sowing provided an average increase in grain yield of 4.3 c/ha (by 26%), straw without nitrogen – by 1.3 c/ha (by 7.5%). When applying straw with nitrogen for 20 years, an increase in yield was obtained, not exceeding the total effect of nitrogen and straw – 5.1 c/ha (by 30.7%). The use of sideral steam against the background of regular application of straw provided an increase in the yield of grain crops by 3.8 c/ha (by 22.4%). After 20 years of the experiment, the average humus content in the arable horizon decreased by 9.6% from the initial when using pure steam without fertilizers. In order to preserve the potential fertility, the introduction of only straw and (or) mineral nitrogen in this case was also insufficient. At the same time, the lateral steam and regular application of straw ensured the preservation of the humus content in the arable horizon at the initial level. During 4 rotations (2001–2021) of the grain-steam crop rotation, the increasing efficiency of sideral steam was noted against the background of regular use of straw as fertilizer compared to the pure steam variant: in the 1st rotation, the yield of grain crops in these variants was at the same level, in the 2nd – the yield after sideral steam was 11.7 more% more than after pure steam, in the 3rd rotation – respectively 18% more, and in the 4th rotation, sideral steam provided better grain yields than after pure steam (an increase of 36.5%).

The effectiveness of autumn application of the herbicide Alistair Grand, MD depending on the consumption rates and phases of development of winter wheat on dark gray forest soils of the Ryazan region

As a leader in the development of high plant protection technologies, Bayer CropScience was the first in Russia to introduce the herbicide Alistair Grand, MD, specialized specifically for autumn use on winter grain crops. Experiments to study the effectiveness of the herbicide were laid in the fields of the ISA, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNATS VIM in the Ryazan Region in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil. Under pre-sowing cultivation, 1.0 c/ha of azofos was applied. In the phase of spring tillering, winter wheat crops were fertilized with ammonium nitrate of 1.0 c/ha. Herbicide Alistair Grand, MD was applied in doses of 0.8 and 1.0 l / ha (spraying) in the phase of 1-3 leaves of the culture. In the same doses, Alistair Grand, MD (spraying) was used in the tillering phase of the crop. On the control variant, the herbicide was not used. Two-year tests of the autumn application of the herbicide Alistair Grand, MD in the phase of 1-3 leaves and in the tillering phase with a rate of application of 0.8 and 1.0 l / ha on winter wheat crops showed its high efficiency in the destruction of annual dicotyledonous and annual cereal (common broomstick) weeds. Annual dicots were inhibited to 97.9% in number and up to 96.6% by weight. tenacious bedstraw – by 11.5–12.5 pcs/m2, wild spin – by 17–19 pcs/m2, field and shepherd's purse violets – by 5.5–6.0 pcs/m2, common broom – by 14–15 pcs/m2. Surveys at the resumption of vegetation and before harvesting showed the complete destruction of the common broomstick. From the use of the drug, an additional grain yield of 106.9–114.7% was obtained.

Effect of oil and surfactants on changes in some physical properties of soils

The paper shows that oil pollution of gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils led to a decrease in capillary water capacity, plasticity and solid phase of soils. As a result of the introduction of the nonionic surfactant tween-80 into the oil-contaminated soil, these indicators were partially restored, but their values remained lower than in soil samples subjected to oil treatment. The obtained materials allow us to speak about the fundamental possibility of using surfactants for the remediation of oil-contaminated soils.

Possibility of Using Zoning of Fallow Vegetation by Vegetation Indices to Assess Organic Matter Accumulation in Postagrogenic Soils

Light gray forest soils (Eutric Retisols (Loamic, Cutanic, Ochric)) were studied under a 20–25-yr-old fallow at the stage of overgrowing by meadow vegetation, pine, and birch. The studied area plot was confined to one element of topography, without morphological evidences of erosion processes, and with relatively homogenous soil texture. To assess the influence of fallow vegetation on the formation of soil organic matter (SOM), the plant cover was zoned according to vegetation indices calculated on the basis of remote sensing data. The k-means algorithms and the Random Forest method were used for this purpose. It was shown that there were statistically significant differences between the types of land cover in terms of the SOM stocks in the upper layer of the old-arable horizon with the specification of three and four clusters. The specification of three classes of vegetation on the fallow—coniferous woody vegetation, deciduous woody vegetation, and herbaceous vegetation—proved to be the most expedient; the correctness of their allocation was confirmed by the geobotanical survey of the territory. The results of a pairwise comparison of sites occupied by different types of fallow vegetation indicated that they significantly differ in the SOM stocks only in the uppermost 5-cm-thick layer of the old-arable horizon and only for the pair of coniferous woody and herbaceous vegetation. Differences in the accumulated humus stocks in the layer of 0–10 cm were statistically significant for the soils under deciduous and coniferous woody vegetation and under herbaceous and coniferous woody vegetation. There was no significant difference in this indicator between the soils under deciduous woody vegetation and herbaceous vegetation.

Experience of Determination of Regional Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Leadin Soils in the Area of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises

Regional maximum permissible concentrations of gross lead in soils were determined in the area of the non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise – the largest Electrozink plant in Russia, located in Vladikavkaz (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) and a source of environmental pollution with lead, zinc and cadmium. Modeling of lead contamination of five types and subtypes of soils most closely lying to the metallurgical enterprise was carried out. The following of gross lead concentrations were established in soils in the area of the metallurgical enterprise: chernozem leached – 160 mg/kg, chernozem ordinary – 150 mg/kg, dark gray forest – 120 mg/kg, mountain-meadow soddy – 110 mg/kg, brown forest weakly unsaturated – 100 mg/kg.