Gravida Mother Research Articles

Knowledge and Attitude on Initiation and Establishment of Breast Feeding Among Primi Mothers

Introduction: The best nourishment for an infant's growth and development is human milk. Breastfeeding lowers infant mortality and morbidity, especially from infections like pneumonia, neonatal sepsis, and diarrhoea. First-time mothers, play a crucial role in nurturing their newborns, and knowledge about breastfeeding is paramount for several reasons. Every primi gravida mothers should know about breast feeding for the well being of their babies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate primi mothers' knowledge and attitudes regarding the initiation and establishment of breastfeeding.  Methods: In this study, a survey approach & descriptive correlational research design was used. Using purposive sampling technique, 100 primi mothers who were between 34-38 weeks of gestation were selected in a tertiary care center, Chennai. Pre tested tools such as background variable proforma, structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge and modified Iowa Infant feeding scale to assess the attitude on breast feeding were used to collect the data.  Results: The study findings revealed that majority of the mothers were in the category of needs improvement (76%). Majority of the mothers had positive attitude towards initiation and establishment of breast feeding (85%).

A comparative study to assess utilization, awareness and perception on importance of mobile based application on pregnancy, birth and new-born care among rural and urban primi gravida mothers of Bellary district

Background: Pregnancy applications are more prevalent than other fitness and health applications. They also utilize immediate connection to seek expert advice and comfort. Recently, apps have emerged as a fresh method for delivering prenatal information that is easily available at the press of a button, for little to no money, at any time, and anywhere. Method: A total of 50 rural and urban primi gravida mothers were included in the study. Utilization statements and knowledge questionnaire and opinionnaire-Likert scale on perception was used to collect data from sample. Results: The majority of primi gravida mothers in rural areas, 15 (60%) expressed neutrality, 10 (40%) expressed dissatisfaction, in contrast, majority of primi gravida mothers in urban areas, 22, (88.0%) expressed neutrality, 3 (12.0%) expressed satisfaction. Majority of urban primi gravida mothers (20) had average knowledge and the remaining 5 (20%) had bad knowledge, the majority of 24 (96.0%) had poor knowledge and 1 (4%) had average knowledge, in contrast, the majority of rural primi mothers 20 out of 20 had unfavorable perceptions, with 60 (24%) having somewhat positive perceptions and the majority of 19 (76.0%) having unfavorable perceptions. Conclusions: The results showed the urban primi gravida mothers were greatly utilizing mobile based application for maternal and foetal outcome, and rural mothers are not aware of mobile based application for maternal and health services and need to teach on mobile based application so that they utilize all governmental services and schemes.

A case series on live ectopic pregnancy

A pregnancy which develops outside uterus is called ectopic pregnancy that comprises nearly two percent of total pregnancies. In first case a 25years old female presented with lower abdominal pain and bleeding per vagina with 3 months of amenorrhea and history of irregular oral contraceptive pill use. A live ectopic pregnancy of 12 weeks 3 days gestation found on right fallopian tube during laparotomy and right salpingectomy was done. In second case, a third gravida mother presented with bleeding per vagina and lower abdominal pain with history of 2.5 months of amenorrhea and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. During laparotomy, both sided hydrosalpinx and left sided live ectopic pregnancy found on the distal end of fallopian tube and left salpingectomy with fimbriectomy with right sided tubal ligation was done. In third case, a third gravida mother with history of lower uterine caesarean section and ruptured left sided tubal ectopic pregnancy previously, presented with lower abdominal pain with 2 months of amenorrhea. Ultrasonography diagnosed a live right sided cornual ectopic pregnancy of 6weeks 6days and conservative management with injection methotrexate was started. Later due to sudden hemodynamic instability, emergency laparotomy was done and ruptured right cornual ectopic pregnancy was found and treated with total abdominal hysterectomy. All these cases were managed successfully. This case series emphasizes that early serological and sonographic diagnosis of location of pregnancy is necessary, there should be high suspicion for ectopic pregnancy even beyond the first trimester and the decision of conservative management in early ectopic pregnancy should be taken judiciously after checking all parameters of the patient.

Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Strategy on Labor Pain Reduction Among Parturition Primi Mothers at Pudukkottai

“There is a secret in our culture, and it’s not that birth is painful. It’s that women are strong." Childbirth is a natural process that occurs when the woman gives birth to a child. Childbirth can be a challenging experience for many, both physically and emotionally. Pain management techniques such as breathing exercises, relaxation techniques, and medication can help alleviate discomfort during labor. Some mothers, during labor, experience a severe amount of pain that can be controlled by medication. The research aims to identify the efficacy of circular hip massage in limiting labor pain. Design of the Study: The experimental (post-test only control group) study design was used. The study was done for around one week. Problem Statement: An accurate experimental study to evaluate the efficacy of a non-pharmacological approach to the limitation of labor pain during the early stage of labor among parturient first Gravida mothers admitted in selected hospitals at Pudukkottai. Study Sample: A non-probability (convenient sampling) sample of around 60 primi participants (30 of them in the experimental & 30 of them in the control group) mothers were included in the study. Study Setting: The study was conducted at Illuppur government hospital (experimental) & Annavasal government hospital (control). Results: Study results present that in the post-test for the control group, 66.67% of the majority experienced severe pain, and about 33.33% experienced moderate pain, whereas, in the experimental group, 56.67% of the majority experienced mild pain and about 43.33% experienced moderate pain.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Breast Feeding Hygiene Among Primipara Mothers in Select Hospitals of Hosapete

Background: Giving birth and caring her baby is an unexplainable situation for a woman. The first year of life of the baby is crucial in laying the foundation of good health. At this time certain specific biological and psychological needs must be met to ensure the survival and healthy development of the child into a future adult. Breastfeeding is the ideal method suited for the psychological and physiological needs of the infant. It is the most appropriate method of feeding for infants in order to grow and develop. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate awareness and knowledge of Breast feeding among the primi-para mothers. Methodology: Materials and Methods: Study approach- This was an evaluative study and follow the examination plan as pre-exploratory, for example one gathering pre-test and post-test without control group. The population associated with this investigation was primi -para mothers in HSK Hospital and Research Center at Bagalkot. Tests primi -para mothers at HSK Hospital and Research center at Bagalkot. Sample size is 100 primi -para mothers were remembered for the investigation. Further information were gathered by organized shut finished information poll. Results: Section I Majority of subjects (63.3%) were belong to 18 to 25 years Most of them (41.7%) belong to Hindu. Most of them (41.7%) had primary education Most of them (45.0%) were house wife Most of them (53.3%) had income less than Rs.2000/- Most of them (60%) were nuclear family Majority of them (53.3%) were in rural In source of information, most of them got information from health personnel (31.7%) and family members / relatives (31.7%) Section II The pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of subjects ranged between 5-16 and 22-29 respectively. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 9.1 and mean post-test knowledge was 24.5 with mean difference 15.4. The mean post-test knowledge score was found to be significantlyhigher than mean pre-test knowledge score at 0.05 level of significance. (t59 = 1.96 P< 0.05) The study revealed that there was association between pre-test knowledge score with selected demographic variables like age, education, occupation, income and source of information Conclusion: The main conclusion drawn from this present study was that the knowledge of primi gravida mothers were below average knowledge in pre-test. Primigravida mothers were above average knowledge after the administration of structured teaching programme on knowledge of breastfeeding within one hour of birth in post test. So, it was clearly stated that to acquire maximum level of knowledge, effective structured teaching programme is essential. Keywords: Breast feeding hygiene, primipara mothers, effectiveness, structured teaching programme

PRENATAL YOGA MENGURANGI KECEMASAN IBU HAMIL PRIMI GRAVIDA DALAM MENGHADAPI PERSALINAN

The experience of vaginal delivery will certainly vary for some pregnant women, especially primi gravida who have never been at all and get experience from stories of friends, relatives, books and information from social media. The existence of anxiety and fear of not being able to give birth normally can have an impact on the mental readiness of the mother in facing the labor process. The aims is to identified influence of prenatal yoga to reduce anxiety in facing of labor. The design in this study is a prospective study. The sample in this study were primi gravida pregnant women TM III, namely 12 respondents at the Independent Midwife Practice. Providing Prenatal Yoga Exercise 4 times for 1 hour, the anxiety status of respondents using the Perinatal Anxietas Screening Scale (PASS). Bivariate analysis was tested with Paired T-test. The results showed that prenatal yoga can reduce the anxiety of Primi Gravida mothers in facing labor with a value of p=0.000 (p<0.005). There is a low relationship between panic and anxiety in the facing of labor. Pregnant women are advised to do prenatal yoga regularly during their pregnancy.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Childbirth Process Among Primi Gravida Mothers Admitted in Labour Ward, Rmmch

Background: Child bearing in any society is a biological event and birth experience is socially constructed as it take place within a cultural context and gets shaped by the perceptions and practices. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to quantify the knowledge of primigravida mothers in labour ward. Materials and method: Quasi experimental design was adopted for the study with the independent variable being the child birth preparation and the dependent variable was level of knowledge of primi gravida mothers on child birth process and coping ability. The tool for data collection was prepared by the investigator and it was validated by experts. Results: In pre-test 75% of mothers were in experimental group and 50% in control group are had inadequate knowledge and 25% of mothers in experimental group and 50% in control group were moderately adequate knowledge where as in post-test the mean level is 29.2 compare to pre-test mean level 17.6 which showed that the structured teaching programme on child birth process was effective and coping ability was better in experimental group than control group. Conclusion: Fear associated with pregnancy and child-birth can have serious consequences. Women, who experience significant fear during the antenatal period, run an increased risk of suffering severe emotional imbalance after the baby is born, which can have negative impact on the relationship between the mother and the child. Child birth preparation, which deals with the information on pre-monitory signs, stages of labour, preparations for labor, relaxation techniques, bearing down techniques should be provided to the mothers for better coping during labour and to have a healthier labour experience.

Effectiveness of Squatting Position on the Duration of Labor and Maternal Satisfaction among Primi Gravida Mothers: A Mixed Method Approach

Background: Maternal positioning affects all views of labor including the power, passenger, passage, and the psyche. The position of the woman during the labor could be freely modified according to her desires and comfort. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of squatting position on the duration of first stage of labor and the maternal satisfaction with the position. Materials and Methods: A mixed method approach was adopted and the duration of active phase of labor was assessed for the 40 samples. In-depth interview was taken to explore the concern and satisfaction of the mothers with the squatting position. Results: Major findings of the study revealed that the mean duration of the active labor of the experimental group was 224.75 min ± 15.96 while that of the control group was 253.25 min ± 27.24. The mean difference was calculated to be 28.25 and the standard error was found to be 7.06. At the level of P < 0.005, the computed “t” value was 4.03 at the degree of freedom 38. Thus, as per the analysis, squatting position was found to be effective in reducing the duration of active phase of labor. During the qualitative analysis, five themes emerged were experience of mothers, effectiveness of squatting position, issues while squatting, respectful care during the childbirth, and recommendations. Conclusion: The study illustrates that most of the primi-gravida mothers had positive attitude toward squatting and preferred supportive squatting. The study concluded that squatting is an effective position which needs to be encouraged during active labor

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING MANAGEMENT OF MINOR AILMENTS DURING PREGNANCY AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS ATTENDING OPD, AT SELECTED HOSPITAL, TIRUPATHI”

Pregnancy is a creative and productive period in the life of women. There are same common problems that a women might experience during pregnancy and because they are not threatening their life. To assess the effe Objectives: ctiveness of video assisted teaching by comparing the pretest and post-test knowledge score on management of minor ailments during pregnancy. Method: pre-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test design adopted for this study among 100 primi gravid women. The ndings reveale Results: d that the mean score of knowledge before the intervention was 13:42 and post-test mean score of knowledge was 27.22 with standard deviation of pre test score 6.366 and post-test the standard deviation is 2.977., which was found statistically highly signicant at P <0,05%level.it implied that Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Management of minor ailments during pregnancy among primi mothers. Video Assisted Conclusion: Teaching Programme was found highly signicant in enhancing the knowledge of primi gravid mothers

Https://thejmch.com/index.php?journal=thejmch&page=issue&op=view&path%5B%5D=41

Background: Good antenatal care helps a woman face labour in good health and optimum conditions. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and WHO guidelines suggest 15 visits in the whole pregnancy. Keeping in view the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the exposure of pregnant ladies the number of antenatal visits was reduced to 7 milestone visits and outcome was noted. This study aimed to do a comparative study of feto-maternal outcome in antenatal cases at our centre using standard WHO protocol vs. revised antenatal protocol during COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects and Method: This was an observational study done at a tertiary care center of an Armed forces hospital with target population as pregnant ladies attending antenatal care Out patient department of the hospital during COVID19 pandemic Vs Antenatal cases in previous 1 year. A comparative analysis of pregnancy outcome, maternal variables during pregnancy and delivery along with neonatal variables was done. Results: There were lesser deliveries by 41.7% as compared to non-COVID times. There was an increase in the caesarean delivery rate and instrumental delivery rate during COVID times by 11% and 53% respectively. There was increase in Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) by 26.6%. The incidence of fetal growth restriction, placental abruption, maternal anaemia and gestational diabetes mellitus, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios was low. The incidence of spontaneous abortions was also low in our study. In contrast, the incidence of pre-term deliveries doubled from 7.4% to 13.4%. Neonatal morbidity and mortality indicators like Neonatal Intensive care unit (NICU) admissions showed a rising trend of 1.7% during the COVID (14.6% to 16.3%) with a minimal rise in early neonatal deaths by 0.2%. Conclusion: Our model doesn't show an increase in maternal, neonatal morbidity, and mortality. This model can be used as a standard of care for Antenatal patients during Pandemics. It reduces the risk exposure of the gravid mother without any significant increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: antenatal care, COVID-19 pandemic, revised antenatal schedule. Correspondence: Dr Vipin Kumar Prajapati, Graded Specialist Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, AFMC, Pune. E Mail: vipinafmc@gmail.com. Contact No: 8811015130. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(01): 125-133 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.01.12

Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Child Birth Preparation Among Primi Gravida Mother in hospital

Background: The researcher noticed that pregnant mother in the prenatal OPDs of the hospitals lacked knowledge about labor preparation throughout her clinical experience. In the third trimester, many of them were unprepared for their life' most significant event. Many new mothers described their labour and delivery as being "awful."The researcher concluded that in order for these mothers to have a satisfying and healthy birthing experience, they needed to get information on labor preparation.Method: This interventional trial was carried out in August 2020 at a hospital in the Maharashtra (India) city of Wardha. The population of primigravida moms was chosen for this study using a non-probability convenience sampling approach.Result: In this study 30 sample taken for the research the research design taken for that pre-experimental and the study was quantitative research study. The research conducted in hospital H0 show that primigravida mother knowledge level in pre-test 16.67% which is poor score, 83.33% which is The H0 was acceptable because the average score had a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 10. In the post-test 33.33% the score was very good, 66.67% score was excellent The H1 was approved since the post-test minimum and maximum scores were 17 and 25, respectively. It is concluded that there is H0 and H1 is accepted. It helpful in improve the knowledge level of primigravida mother.Conclusion: We draw the conclusion from this study that there is a lack of understanding among primigravida mothers regarding childbirth preparation, so we launched the video aided programme to raise knowledge and awareness of the subject.

Nexus of urinary tract infection prevalence of the causal organism and predisposing factors in Kanyakine Hospital, Meru, Kenya

Background: Globally, urinary tract infection (UTI) is most common during pregnancy, prevalence and incidences being higher than in non-pregnant and elderly women. Inadequate data and information deter UTI prevention and management.Methods: The study targeted UTI positive gravid women seeking antenatal services at Kanyakine hospital. The study assessed history of UTI, lifestyle and hygiene factors. Laboratory test and analysis were conducted on urine specimen collected from 135 randomly sampled study subjects. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the sampled subjects and their urine tested to detect presence of microorganisms. The results were analysed using established quantitative methods.Results: Most (47%) of the respondents were Escherichia coli infected while Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 20%. of respondents. Increased rate of sexual intercourse was linked to detection of Escherichia coli in 47.6%, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 40% and yeast (Candida) in 47.4%. Wearing non-cotton undergarment was attributed to detection of E. coli in 68.3%, yeast (63.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (60%) of the respondents. Reduced frequency of changing undergarment led to detection of high pathogen levels. The mode of wiping and type of toilet significantly influenced infection (p˂0.05).Conclusions: Hygiene factors that increases chances of E. coli infection remains among the most significant cause of UTI in gravid mothers. This study recommends integration of an elaborate awareness creation on UTI prevention measures at the early stages of pregnancy and further studies to determine the national UTI burden to device mitigation strategies.

Antenatal Anxiety towards Gender Preference and Social Acceptance among Primi and Multi Gravida Antenatal Mother attending Sadar Hospital, Sasaram

Antenatal Anxiety towards Gender Preference and Social Acceptance among Primi and Multi Gravida Antenatal Mother attending Sadar Hospital, Sasaram

Effects of Educational Intervention on Maternal Knowledge Regarding Umbilical Cord Care of New-Borns

Background: Worldwide, About 4 million children die during the neonate period. Major cause of 25 percent of these deaths is umbilical cord infection nearly 25% children die due to this reason, meanwhile 2/3 children are delivered at home and traditional umbilical cord done in under developed countries. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of educational intervention of maternal knowledge regarding umbilical code care. Study design: A quasi-experimental design. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Institute of Nursing, The University of Health Sciences Lahore in collaboration with Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. The study population was the all expecting Primi gravida mothers who visited the Obstetrics and Gynecology outdoor department of Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. The whole sample size (100) was included in the study. Simple randomized sampling technique was used. The women included to the study in accordance with the inclusion criteria, all expecting primigravida mothers who were able to read and write Urdu or English language and had no psychological illness with the age range between 20-35 years were included in the study. SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The 66 % of the participants were under the age of 25-30 years whereas, 22 % were above the age of 30 years and only 12 % participants were below 25 years of age. As for their residence, all the participants belonged to urban area. Educational status of the participants revealed that more than half of the participants 30 % possessed higher secondary school education while, 36.7 % were with secondary education and about18 % had primary education. While the majorities 90 % were house wives and only 10 % were job holder. Conclusion: The Results of the present study indicate that overall impact of structural education intervention improves the maternal knowledge about newborns care. Keywords: Educational interventions, Umbilical cord care, neonate period, maternal education.

Level of activity limitations and predictors in women with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: Prospective cross-sectional study

BackgroundFor many pregnant women, pelvic girdle pain caused by pregnancy has an impact on their daily living. Women with lumbo-pelvic pain have moderate to severe discomfort that makes daily activities like getting out of a chair, bending, and walking difficult. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of daily activity restrictions and to discover predictors of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. Study designProspective cross-sectional study. MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken from January October 2018 to October 29/2019 among 337 gravid mothers with pregnancy-related limbo-pelvic pain. A structured questionnaire adapted from the activity limitation-related pelvic girdle pain questionnaire was used for data collection. Epi-info version 7.1 for data entry and STATA version 14 for statistical analysis were used. Ordinal regression with an odds ratio of 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 were cast-off to assess the association between the outcome and dependent variables. ResultsAmong 324 pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain 96 (29.6%) had small extent level of activity limitation, 185 (57.1%) had moderate activity limitation, and 43 (13.3%) large extent level of activity limitation. Having previous children (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI:0.14, 0.98), occupation (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.95) and taking alcohol (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.99) were the independent predictors for activity limitation. ConclusionNearly one-third of the participants had a modest degree of activity restriction, while more than half of the pregnant women with PPGP had a moderate to high level of restriction. Previous children, occupation, and alcohol consumption were all independent predictors of activity limitation among pregnant women.

Factor XIII Deficiency in a Mother-Baby Dyad

Background: Factor XIII deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive coagulation disorder with varied presentations including prolonged bleeding from the umbilical cord stump, defective wound healing, recurrent miscarriages, or life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage. Clinical Description: A male baby was born at term gestation to a fourth gravida mother with a history of two abortions in the past. He was born out of a third-degree consanguineous marriage, with smooth perinatal transition, but developed multiple episodes of seizures associated with poor feeding and lethargy after 24 h of life. Management: On evaluation, septic screen, metabolic screen (serum electrolytes, calcium, and blood sugar), and coagulation assays were normal. Ultrasonogram revealed a hyperechoic lesion restricted to the left cerebral hemisphere, suggestive of an intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging brain showed left intraparenchymal hemorrhage with significant mass effect and midline shift. In view of intracranial bleed with normal coagulation assay and other causes being ruled out, factor XIII clot solubility assay was sent and found to have undetectable levels. Factor XIII levels of the mother were also found low (5.5%) though the levels in the father were normal. The baby was managed conservatively with supportive measures in the form of anticonvulsant and anti-edema measures. He recovered successfully and is under close follow-up. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion of factor XIII deficiency should be kept in any neonate presenting with intraparenchymal hemorrhage and recurrent abortions in the mother. This case is being reported to highlight factor XIII deficiency in recurrent pregnancy loss and neonatal intracranial bleeding. Prenatal screening for factor XIII deficiency in these circumstances will help in effective management of future pregnancies.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON COLOSTRUM FEEDING &amp; BREAST-FEEDING TECHNIQUE WITH SELECTED SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.

Breasts produce colostrum beginning during pregnancy and continuing through the early days of breastfeeding. This special milk is yellow to orange in color and thick and sticky. It is low in fat, and high in carbohydrates, protein, and antibodies to help keep baby healthy. Colostrum is extremely easy to digest, and is therefore the perfect first food for your baby. It is low in volume (measurable in teaspoons rather than ounces), but high in concentrated nutrition for the newborn. Colostrum has a laxative effect on the baby, helping him pass his early stools, which aids in the excretion of excess bilirubin and helps prevent jaundice. Setting and Design: A quantitative evaluative research approach was used in the current study. A pre experimental one group pre-test post-test group design. In the present study the setting was the selected hospitals of Bangalore. The target population was primi gravida mothers. The sample and the sample size in the present study is 100 primi gravida mothers from selected hospitals of Bangalore. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used in the present study. Results: The result shows that educational status of primi gravida mothers (p&lt;0.029), and occupation of mothers (P&lt;0.046) found significantly associated with pre-test knowledge level of mothers at significance level, whereas the remaining demographic variables found non- significant at similar level of significance. Therefore, the research hypothesis H2 accepted for these two variables the educational status and occupation of primi gravida mothers at 0.05 level of significance, whereas for remaining variables the H2 got rejected.

A study to assess the effectiveness of antenatal Exercises in reduction of labour pain among primi mothers in selected hospital, Erode.

Giving birth is a life-changing event, and the care that a woman receives during labour has the potential to affect her both physically and emotionally the short and longer term. Therefore, improving the quality of maternity care in both developed and developing countries is an important part of attempts made to decrease maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. In obstetric care, many interventions are complex, containing a number of different components which may have an effect on the impact of the interventions in healthcare settings. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of antenatal exercises in reduction of labour pain among primi gravida mothers in both the groups. Methodology: A quantitative approach and evaluate in nature and true experimental design where post test only with control group design. The study population were Primi mothers, 30(15 control and 15 experimental group) mothers attending antenatal OPD in private maternity Hospital, Erode District. Visual analog scale was used to assess the level of pain. Result: The findings revealed that after the antenatal exercise the visual analog pain scale score was reduced in experimental group compared to the control group among primi mothers. In control group there was no significant association between the level of labour pain and demographic variables. In experimental group there was no significant association between the level of pain and demographic variables such as age, family, living area, habit of regular exercise and previous source of information and highly significant association in education, occupation and income. Conclusion: The antenatal exercise was more effective in reduction pain during labour among the primi mothers in experimental group.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Female Foeticide and Attitude towards Gender Preference among Prim Gravida Mothers attending OPD in a selected hospital with A view to Provide Informational Booklet

Background of the study: Female feticide is the process of finding out the sex of the fetus and undergoing abortion if it is a girl. This is one of the most prevalent issues today. The preference for the male child dates back into history and obviously, therefore, female feticide has long been practiced in Indian societies. With the advancement in technology and development of easier and cheaper techniques, female feticide has spread throughout India. The government has amended the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act of 1994 that criminalized prenatal sex screening and female feticide, making it illegal in India to determine or disclose the sex of fetus to anyone. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitude of prim gravida mothers regarding Female Foeticide. Methodology: this study was done with non-experimental research survey research design. Study was done in KC General Hospital, Bangalore. Sampling technique for selecting 60 samples was non – probability convenience sampling technique. Data collection was done with self – structured knowledge questionnaire and likert scale was developed to assess attitude of the samples. Data collection period was for 30 days and interview method was employed in collecting data and the collected data were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The present study shows the overall knowledge total score of mean and standard deviation scores were 7.52 2.67 and the overall attitude mean and standard deviation score was 37.0 4.30. the correlation between knowledge and attitude was 0.359 which indicates mild positive correlation Conclusion: The samples in the study had inadequate knowledge and unfavourable attitude towards female feticide and gender differences. The researcher administered information booklet to the samples to increase their knowledge and to develop their attitude.

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION OF POST TEACHING KNOWLEDGE SCORES OF IMPORTANCE OFEARLY INITIATION OF BREAST FEEDING WITH SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS AT SELECTED RURAL AREAS OF BANGALORE.

“Mothers are not dropped from heaven. They are born as undervalued, neglected girls and grow as exploited uneducated children. We must look at the suffering and disadvantages, would be mother has experienced. She must become self-confident and self-reliant and for that she needs to be educated and employed”. A report of Global strategy for infant and young child feeding, jointly developed by WHO&amp; UNICEF (2000)says, “Malnutrition has been responsible directly or indirectly for 60%of the 10.9 million deaths annually, which are often associated with inappropriate feeding practices and occur during the first year of birth. Ingestion of unsafe water instead of breast milk contributes to about 1.5 million child deaths. AIM: the Association of post teaching knowledge scores of importance of early initiation of breast feeding with selected demographic variables SETTINGS AND DESIGN Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design.200 primi gravida mothers who met sampling criteria were selected by using non-probability convenience sampling for the presentstudy. The knowledge of primi gravida mothers were assessed using a structured knowledge questionnaire followed by a planned health education programme. Post-test performed on the second day using the same tool. The results were described by using descriptive and inferential statistics.