Gravida Mother Research Articles

A Study to assess the Knowledge and Attitude regarding Antenatal Care among Spouse of Primi Gravid Mothers Attending Antenatal OPD, PIMS, Puducherry

Antenatal care is the care provided to the women during pregnancy. ANC reduces maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality both directly, through detection and treatment of pregnancy-related complications, and indirectly, through the identification of women at increased risk of developing complications during labor and delivery, thus ensuring referral to an appropriate level of care. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding antenatal care among spouse of primi gravid mothers. To find out the correlation between the level of knowledge and attitude on antenatal care among spouse of primi gravid mothers. Setting: Antenatal OPD, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India. Methods: Data was collected over a period of one week in March 2019. The researcher obtained formal permission from the concerned authorities. Non experimental descriptive design was adopted to select the samples based on the inclusion criteria. The sample size was 90. Informed consent was obtained from the study participants. The data was collected using structured interview schedule for assessment of knowledge and five point Likert scale for attitude. Each participant was allotted 20 minutes. Around 10 to 20 spouses were interviewed per day. At the end of the session pamphlets on antenatal care was provided to the spouse. Results: Out of 90 samples, majority of them 48.9% had moderately adequate knowledge, 45.6% had inadequate knowledge and 5.5% of them had adequate knowledge and 50% had favorable attitude, 45.6% had moderately favorable attitude and 4.4% of them had unfavorable attitude. The findings revealed that spouse of primigravid mothers had moderately adequate knowledge and favorable attitude and there is a need to improve it with the help of health education programme and pamphlets distribution.

Study to assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of pregnancy induced hypertension among primi gravida mothers in Shri Mahant Indiresh hospital, Patel Nagar, Dehradun

Study to assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of pregnancy induced hypertension among primi gravida mothers in Shri Mahant Indiresh hospital, Patel Nagar, Dehradun

The Effectiveness of Health Education of Breasfeeding Preparation on Primigravida Mothers Motivation to Provide Exclusivation

Exclusive breastfeeding is the pure one without additional fluids, either formula, water orange juice or other supplementary foods before reaching the age of six month. Giving breasfeeding is very benefical for baby, mother, family, and country. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of health education on breasfeeding preparation of mother s motivation to provide exclusive breasfeeding. The type of the study used pre-experimental design. The populastion used in this study was 15 primi- gravida mothers. The sample was 15 respondents taken by Consecutive sampling technique. The instrumen used questionnaire sheet. The statistical test used Paired Sample t Test. The results showed that the motivation of mother primigravida after being given health education become strong motivation equal to 40%. The resulth of analysis using Paired Sample t Test Test showed the value of p value=0,000, so p value=0,000 <0,05 or significant, it meant that there was an effect of health education of breasfeeding preparation to motivate primigravida mothers to give exclusive breasfeeding. Based on the results of the study is expected to primigravida motherss to improve health education in the preparation of breasfeeding and to health workers further increase the primigravida mother s mitigation to provide exclusive ation to achieve exclusive ation success.

Ablation of an Ovarian Tumor Family Deubiquitinase Exposes the Underlying Regulation Governing the Plasticity of Cell Cycle Progression in Toxoplasma gondii.

ABSTRACTThe Toxoplasma genome encodes the capacity for distinct architectures underlying cell cycle progression in a life cycle stage-dependent manner. Replication in intermediate hosts occurs by endodyogeny, whereas a hybrid of schizogony and endopolygeny occurs in the gut of the definitive feline host. Here, we characterize the consequence of the loss of a cell cycle-regulated ovarian tumor (OTU family) deubiquitinase, OTUD3A of Toxoplasma gondii (TgOTUD3A; TGGT1_258780), in T. gondii tachyzoites. Rather than the mutation being detrimental, mutant parasites exhibited a fitness advantage, outcompeting the wild type. This phenotype was due to roughly one-third of TgOTUD3A-knockout (TgOTUD3A-KO) tachyzoites exhibiting deviations from endodyogeny by employing replication strategies that produced 3, 4, or 5 viable progeny within a gravid mother instead of the usual 2. We established the mechanistic basis underlying these altered replication strategies to be a dysregulation of centrosome duplication, causing a transient loss of stoichiometry between the inner and outer cores that resulted in a failure to terminate S phase at the attainment of 2N ploidy and/or the decoupling of mitosis and cytokinesis. The resulting dysregulation manifested as deviations in the normal transitions from S phase to mitosis (S/M) (endopolygeny-like) or M phase to cytokinesis (M/C) (schizogony-like). Notably, these imbalances are corrected prior to cytokinesis, resulting in the generation of normal progeny. Our findings suggest that decisions regarding the utilization of specific cell cycle architectures are controlled by a ubiquitin-mediated mechanism that is dependent on the absolute threshold levels of an as-yet-unknown target(s). Analysis of the TgOTUD3A-KO mutant provides new insights into mechanisms underlying the plasticity of apicomplexan cell cycle architecture.

Assess the knowledge on institutional delivery among primi gravida mothers at selected hospital Gwalior

Assess the knowledge on institutional delivery among primi gravida mothers at selected hospital Gwalior

Case series of spondylocostal dysostosis and associated congenital malformations

Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD) is a rare anomaly of axial skeleton due to flawed embryological development characterized by malformed ribs, fused ribs, and hemivertebra. Case one: A newborn baby boy with right-sided polythelia, meningocele, fan-like configuration of 3 rd and 4 th rib, fused 5 th and 6 th rib, and 3 rd thoracic hemivertebra was delivered to a second gravid mother by elective cesarean section. Based on clinical examination and radiological picture, a diagnosis of SCD with meningocele with right-sided polythelia was made. Case two: Baby girl born to primigravida mother by cesarean section had hemivertebrae with multiple right-sided rib defects, short neck, preauricular ear tags, imperforate anus, and rectovaginal fistula. Very few cases of SCD have been reported in literature with neural tube defects (NTDs) with supernumerary nipple, none from developing country. Till now, there is limited literature regarding the associations of SCD none showing its association with the genitourinary system without NTDs. We need to study the causal associations of SCD with detailed genetic work up as it is not so uncommon as presumed.

Effect of Health Care Package on Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness in Terms of Knowledge, Practice and Labour Outcome Among Primi Gravida Mothers

The study evaluated the effectiveness health care package on birth preparedness and complication readiness in terms of knowledge, practice and labour outcome among primi mothers at a selected hospital of Delhi. It was an experimental research study with pre-test post-test control group design. The study was conducted in antenatal outpatient department of Safdarjung Hospital with 60 primi gravida mothers, 30 in each experimental and control group. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample, and assigned to the group by randomly. The pre-test and post-test were conducted by using a structured interview schedule and check list to assess the knowledge and practices respectively regarding birth preparedness and complication readiness. The health care package includes individual teaching, demonstration, pictorial cards, pamphlets, self-activity checklist, and daily foetal movement cont. chart. A structured performa was used to assess the labour outcome. The analysis was done by using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, in terms of frequencies, percentage, mean, median, standard deviation, ‘t’ value and ‘chi square’ value. The study revealed a knowledge deficit among primigravida mothers regarding birth preparedness and complication readiness. The health care package was effective to increase the knowledge and enhanced practices. Even though some of the physiological factors of labour outcome were not affected, a remarkable difference was found was found to establish a good feeding practices and less time of hospital stay. The health care package on birth preparedness and complication readiness was effective to enhance the knowledge and practices of primigravida mothers regarding preparations for birth, to identify complications early so as to seek appropriate care without delay.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Warning Signs during Pregnancy among Primi Gravida Mothers at Antenatal OP in GRH

A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Warning Signs during Pregnancy among Primi Gravida Mothers at Antenatal OP in GRH

Ankyloblepharon Filiforme Adnatum in a New Born.

A 6 day old male baby born to second gravida mother presented with complains of rapid breathing for two days. On examination he was lethargic, heart rate was 154/minute, respiratory rate 64/minute, temperature was 36.40C. He had cleft lip and cleft palate and ophthalmic examination revealed a single central extensile thin fibrous adhesion between the eyelid margins at the grey line of the left eye (Fig. 1).

Comparative efficacy of antiviral therapy in preventing vertical transmission of hepatitis B: a network meta‐analysis

Antiviral drugs are safe and effective in the third trimester to prevent intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus, and are recommended for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected gravid mothers (between weeks 28 and 32) with high viral load, followed by postnatal hepatitis B immunization in the newborn. We estimated the comparative efficacy of antiviral drugs for prevention of vertical transmission of HBV, through a network meta-analysis of clinical trials. We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and published proceedings from major liver meetings from January 1980 to November 2014. We conducted pair-wise meta-analyses and Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, combining direct and indirect evidence for any given pair of treatments. Seventeen clinical trials involving 2764 newborns of hepatitis B surface antigen seropositive mothers were eligible for analysis. There were no clinical trials involving tenofovir or entecavir. On pair-wise meta-analyses, telbivudine (hazard ratio, HR 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.37; I(2) =0%), and Lamivudine (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24-0.65; I(2) =0%), were more effective than placebo in reducing vertical transmission of HBV in high viremic hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic Hepatitis B Chinese patients. Sensitivity analyses limited to studies with HBeAg seropositive mothers revealed similar results. Based on a Bayesian network meta-analysis of clinical trials, combining direct and indirect treatment comparisons, telbivudine appears to be more effective than Lamivudine for preventing vertical transmission of HBV infection. Trials assessing the efficacy of tenofovir or entecavir compared to placebo or other antiviral drugs are lacking.

A morphological and histological study of placentae in respect of hypertensive gravid mother

A morphological and histological study of placentae in respect of hypertensive gravid mother

Evaluation of the effectiveness of selected intervention in reducing level of pain perception and birth experience among primi gravida mothers

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of birth bal therapy in terms of level of pain perception and birth experience among primi gravida mothers.Participants and setting: The study was conducted in Nirmala Hospital, in Suryapet, Telugana, India in with 700 annual births. The primi gravida mothers were recruited and were allocated by non-probability purposive sampling technique into the two arms of the study, but only 20 in study and 20 in control group participants.Intervention: The study group received birth ball therapy was done using discomfort can often be helped by body positions that allow gravity to speed dilation, such as walking, squatting, kneeling forward on a chair or sitting on the birthing ball. The birth ball therapy was given by investigator for 20 minutes again the same step is repeated in a 10 minutes interval. Measurement and findings: In active stage of labour (3-6 cm of cervical dilatation) the women completed the demographic and obstetrical information and pain was measured by 0- 10 Modified combined numerical categorical pain intensity scale and labour outcome assessed by labour agentry scale(LAS). This study revealed that there was high significant difference found in pain at p<0.001level between study and control group.Conclusion: The study concluded that, clinical implementation of birth ball therapy usage during labour could be an effective non pharmacological intervention in reducing pain perception.

Index of Suspicion in the Nursery

A term male infant born to a second gravida mother is referred to our hospital for new-onset respiratory distress. He was born by normal vaginal delivery and had Apgar scores of 8, 9, and 9 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes, respectively. The newborn begins breastfeeding immediately after birth and is shifted to the mother’s side. After 18 hours of delivery, he is noted to have fast breathing. A pediatric consultation is sought; a provisional diagnosis of congenital heart disease is made, and the patient is referred to our hospital. The antenatal period is uncomplicated. The results of targeted imaging for fetal anomalies performed at 20 weeks of gestation are reportedly normal. At admission, the newborn weighs 2.74 kg and has a temperature of 96.8°F (36oC), a heart rate of 175 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 70 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure in the right upper limb of 58/26 mm Hg. The capillary filling time is prolonged to 4 seconds with weak and feeble pulses, and there is moderate to severe intercostal and subcostal recessions with an audible grunt. The baseline saturation is 85% in room air, which improves to greater than 95% on hood oxygen. On systemic examination, he has an …

COMPARE KNOWLEDGE ON SELF CARE MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION BETWEEN PRIMI GRAVID AND MULTIGRAVIDA

Abstract Objectives: to assess and compare the knowledge on self-care management of pregnancy induced hypertension among primi gravid and multi gravida mothers. Method: A non-experimental descriptive comparative was conducted between 40 primi gravida mother and 40 multi gravida mothers who were selected by using purposive sampling to assess knowledge on self-care management of pregnancy induced hypertension. Self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Appropriate Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data and to draw inferences. Results: 55% of primi gravida mothers and 40 % of multi gravid mothers had inadequate knowledge. Only 2.5% of primi gravida and 5% of multi gravida mothers had adequate knowledge. Respondents from primigravida had knowledge about 31.8 % and 38.6% regarding signs & symptoms and Preventive measures. 35% and 44.7 % of multi mothers were aware about signs & symptoms and preventive measures respectively. Which shows all the respondent were less aware about pregnancy induced hypertension. And there is an association between age & Monthly income on knowledge level. Conclusion: There is a necessity to provide information for those specific at risk population. Which helps to increase the knowledge, develop positive attitude, prevent complications and to have better maternal and child health.

English

Spinal anesthesia is widely used for emergency and elective C/S delivery. However its main drawback is hypotension which may cause nausea, vomiting and cardiovascular collapse and loss of consciousness in mother as well as fetal hypoxia and acidosis due to placental hypo perfusion. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of hypotension in intraoperative period and to compare the fetal outcome in two groups (Preloading and co loading group). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized double blind study. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study was conducted in the obstetric emergency OT of Malda Medical College. 100 primi gravid mothers aged between 18- 29 years with ASA-1 physical status posted for emergency C/S for fetal distress was randomly allocated for either preloading (Group P) or co loading (Group C). RESULT AND ANALYSIS: Fluid requirement is significantly less in group C. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypotension and ephedrine use. Fetal outcome in 1 min Apgar score in group C is significantly better as the baby could be delivered quickly in group C. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that preloading can be safely avoided for spinal anesthesia in C/S for fetal distress. By using co loading method we can save valuable time required to deliver the baby and avoid circulatory overload without increasing the incidence of hypotension.

To Study the Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies complicated by Rheumatic Heart Disease

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo study the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by rheumatic heart disease (RHD).Materials and methodsA retrospective study was carried out in the obstetric and cardiology outpatients department of Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India over a period of 1 year (Dec 2011-2012) involving 96 pregnant patients with rheumatic heart disease. Their maternal and fetal outcomes were reviewed.ResultsA total of 96 pregnant mothers with heart disease presented to us during the period of 1 year (Dec 2011-2012). Majority of the pregnant mothers had mitral stenosis n = 46 (47%). Rest of the patients had multivalve disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was found to be in 28 patients (29%). Atrial thrombus was seen in the echocardiography of one patient. Mitral valve replacement was done before pregnancy in 16 mothers (16%); these gravid mothers were put on low-molecular weight hepanin (LMWH) and during the midtrimester on the Acitrom. There was one patient admitted with atrial fibrillation. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II heart disease progressed in two patients to class III and IV. There was no maternal or fetal mortality in this study. There were 24 cesarean sections (25%) done out of which 8 were for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (32%), rest were due to maternal reasons. There were 12 preterm deliveries. Four fetuses had intraventricular hemorrhage.ConclusionDespite no maternal and neonatal mortality, pregnancy in women with heart disease is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidities.How to cite this articlePandey U. To Study the Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies complicated by Rheumatic Heart Disease. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2014;5(3):92-94.

Knowledge of breast feeding among primigravida mothers

Background : Breast feeding, the most natural way of infant feeding to satisfy nutritional, metabolic and psychological needs of the baby. Objectives : To assess the knowledge of breast feeding among primi- gravida mothers attending ante-natal clinic and to determine the association between socio-demographic variables with their knowledge. Materials and Methods : Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Ante-natal clinic of Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Center, Karad district Satara. Pre-tested structured proforma used to collect information from 590 married primi gravid mothers attending anti-natal clinic during study period by utilizing personal interview method. Statistical Analysis : socio-demographic frequency percentage distribution, knowledge scoreing and statistical association was analysed by using chi-square test. Results: Out of 590 primi gravida mothers,59.66% showed fair quality of knowledge about breast feeding. knowledge about rooming in, family support for breast feeding & burping after breast feeding was 97.7%, 95.4% , 93.5% however weaning, colostrums feed, hazards of bottle feeding and prelactal food was 84%, 82.7%,75.5% and 54% respectively. Statistical association was existed between age, education, religion, socio-economic status & occupation of respondents with their knowledge about breast feeding (?2=151.52, p < 0.0001*; ?2=211.27,p<0.0001*; ?2=133.91,p < 0.0001*; ?2=35.59,p < 0.0001* and ?2=131.04,p<0.0001*) respectively. Conclusion: knowledge of breast feeding among primi gravida mothers attending ANC clinic was of fair in quality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12603 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12

Ecthyma gangrenosum in a premature low-birth-weight newborn

Ecthyma gangrenosum is a well-recognised cutaneous infection in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. It is commonly associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia. Classic lesions of ecthyma gangrenosum comprise deep ulcers with ecchymotic, gangrenous centres, bright red areolae and typical raised, purplish, indurated, rolled-out edges. We report ecthyma gangrenosum in a premature low-birth-weight neonate, delivered at home to a third gravida mother with history of chorioamnionitis. He was admitted to a private hospital on third day of life, with a diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis and received multiple antibiotics over next 22 days. The infant was referred to the paediatrics emergency department of Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University in a condition of shock, pneumonitis and generalised sepsis. Two gangrenous ulcers with gray-black eschar were present, one over the neck and another over the back. He was diagnosed as a case of neonatal sepsis with ecthyma gangrenosum. Blood culture revealed growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sensitive only to imipenem. The infant died the day following admission.

2009H1N1 Infection in a 1-day-old neonate

A full-term female neonate was delivered with meconium stained amniotic fluid by cesarean section by a 2009H1N1 positive 22-year-old second gravida mother, who developed symptoms 8 days prior to delivery. The neonate was completely and immediately isolated from the mother after delivery. Oseltamivir was started at birth to the neonate who had a potential possibility of 2009H1N1 infection. At 5 hours of life, the neonate developed respiratory distress. The neonate's throat swab sent for 2009H1N1 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was positive. The neonate required oxygen by hood for 3 days and made an uneventful recovery. The mother developed acute respiratory distress syndrome after delivery, requiring ventilatory care for 14 days and was discharged after 25 days stay in hospital. 2009H1N1 infection, although rare, needs a high index of suspicion and prompt therapy in neonates. Clinicians should be alert about the possibility of perinatal transmission of 2009H1N1.

Sirenomelia: a Case Report

Sirenomelia (Mermaid syndrome) is a rare anomaly of caudal region of the body, presented with fusion of the lower limbs. Genito-urinary, gastro-intestinal, neural tube and vertebral anomalies are found in most cases. Here a case of sirenomelia born of a 5th gravida mother is reported. The body had fusion of both lower limbs, absent genitalia, absent anal orifice and single umbilical artery. It died 2 1/2 hours after birth. Autopsy was undertaken to verify various anomalies.