Graphics System Research Articles

The importance of forensic odontology in identifying the victims of mass disasters

The article presents the issues related to the identification of victims thanks to odontological expertise. The development of genetics gives forensics a great tool, which is the analysis of the genetic profile of DNA, which categorically enables the identification of human remains. However, this type of test is not possible in all cases. It is only applicable for the preservation of soft tissues, otherwise the preserved dentition will be an excellent identification material. The method is often used when identifying bodies exposed to high temperatures and in advanced decomposition. The development of odontological expertise would be impossible without the contribution of eminent dentists, such as Adolf Zsigmondy. By developing the first graphical tooth marking system, he paved the way for today's TDS and UNS systems. A good dentition classification system is an indispensable tool for odontologists and dentists working on the identification of cadavers and is directly related to the need to use comparative materials, also key in the effective identification of cadavers, and sometimes human remains. These are data obtained from dental offices, in the form of comprehensive information about patients - their dental treatment cards, orthodontic casts, fragments of dentures and crowns, X-rays, etc. and enriched through dental databases. As a result, the odontological expertise and its development enable the effective identification of about 60% of the corpses examined with the help of this procedure, when DNA material cannot be used for this purpose.

Об одном способе формирования коник

In the articles of the Geometry and Graphics magazine devoted to the properties of the Dupin cyclide, the construction of a conic – ellipse, hyperbola and parabola – using the properties of the cyclide was considered. At the same time, the center of the transformation was located on a straight line connecting the centers of the two base circles, and its location on such a straight line was negotiated separately and was located as the center of homology. To construct a parabola, it was necessary to take a straight line instead of the second circle, and the center of the transformation – the center of homology – had to be located at the intersection point of a straight line passing through the center of the first circle perpendicular to the second circle-a straight line with the first circle. Two different parabolas were obtained as a result of the transformation. In this paper, it is proved that if we take the center of correspondence that does not belong to a circle, we get other second–order curves - ellipses and hyperbolas. The construction of an ellipse is geometrically proved. To do this, the center of correspondence must lie on a straight line connecting the centers of the circles, but outside the actual circle. Several examples are considered. If the center of correspondence is inside the circle, we will have a hyperbola. Thus, having initially given only one con-figuration from a straight line and a circle, it is possible to obtain all conics: ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas, passing into one another. The proposed scheme for constructing conics can be used for computer drawing of all conics, which is more convenient than with the available options sewn into today's graphical drawing systems.

Survey of Graphical Password Authentication Systems Suitable for Android Application

Survey of Graphical Password Authentication Systems Suitable for Android Application

Modeling language for the function-oriented development of mechatronic systems with motego

As mechatronic products gain in popularity, methods for mastering the complexity of these systems in development become increasingly relevant, such as model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Main pillars of MBSE are method, language and tool. A method specifies procedures in product development. The application of the method is supported by a language and tool as the language specifies a system of symbols with which development artifacts can be represented in a software environment (i.e. tool). Currently, various MBSE methods exist, such as motego. Motego specifies a framework for the function-oriented seamless development of mechatronic systems from requirements to the physical realization down to mechanical and electrical contacts and the description of these via parameters and models. Central element in MBSE is the system model, which connects all relevant development artefacts. The system model is created with a language in a software environment such as Cameo Systems Modeler. In MBSE, the graphical systems modeling language SysML is widely established. The language elements in SysML are very abstract and numerous. As a result, the language is difficult to apply. However, its reasonable applicability is an essential prerequisite for the introduction of the motego methods in industrial practice. This results in the following research need: A specific modeling language for the motego method is needed that supports its reasonable application. Therefore, in this paper a modeling language is presented whose language elements are specifically adapted to the motego method. With the help of this domain specific language, the user is guided through method-compliant modeling.

Feasibility study of an inexpensive densitometry system for radiochromic film dosimetry

A readout system for radiochromic film dosimetry was developed based on the graphical system design approach, a broadband light-emitting diode, and a webcam. This digitizer works in transmission mode as the flatbed scanner used in dosimetry tasks, and the current clinical protocols were used to compare findings from both devices. Square samples of 3 cm were cut from an EBT3 film batch and irradiated to doses up to 50 Gy, sampling 100 pixels from each film image for noise, optical density, and uncertainty analysis. The imaging prototype has up to 2.2 times the optical density of the scanner, with a maximum of 1.7 corresponding to the red image channel. For both digitizers, the best noise rejection is in the green channel, ≈51 dB. The lowest uncertainty is in the scanner, with 1 % on average. Future efforts must focus on noise reduction to enhance image quality.

A Low-Cost Drive and Detection Scheme for Electrowetting Display

The electrowetting display (EWD) has obtained much attention as its readability in sunlight and flexible displays. Oil motion control is an important factor for the display performance of EWD. In this paper, we propose a low-cost drive and detection scheme for EWD. The dynamic drive and detection scheme for EWD consists of a low-cost camera, computer and graphical detection system, and portable driving control system. The proposed scheme can detect oil leaking, splitting, and non-recovered defects successfully. Moreover, surface defects such as the hydrophobic layer burned and scratch can also be captured and analyzed by the proposed scheme. We hope that this scheme can provide a drive and detection platform for other EWD researchers.

A fast task planning system for 6R articulated robots based on inverse kinematics.

Robots bring eventful impacts to the workplace, benefiting from the advantages of implementing any technology should be based on the premise of safety. This work proposes a systematic method to establish a postprocessor module for any specified 6R articulated robot. Instead of obsessively emphasizing achieving the desired locations and orientations by hand guiding grab and dragging a robotic arm for operation in teaching mode, the significant end-effector poses are calculated to form a new path for the joints efficiently in this study. Since robotic motion control is usually a complex system whose users must be well trained and acquainted with using them. There is a need for a GUI solution that can provide intuitive robotic motion control on the current location by the user independently, easy setup, arrangement, adjustment, and monitoring robot motion tasks. The proposed system simplifies the interaction between the technician and the industrial robotic arm in the case of robotic motion control and tracking at a distant location. The presented method is fully adapted to alternate between joint angles and end-effector poses on a graphic user interface system. After developing the capabilities of the solver, a functional postprocessor is programmed inside the proposed GUI system. Examples with specified posture and predefined movements are demonstrated for corroborating the algorithm. The results show considerable efficiency and reliability in task planning and are fully supported for automatic path generation.

Strengthen Password Using Image Authentication

Authentication is by password It is alphanumeric in nature. However, the user finds it Difficulty remembering long passwords Remember many times while running. instead of this. They create short, simple and insecure passwords. User data vulnerable to external attacks. Graphically Passwords offer a way out of this dilemma Passwords that are easy for users to remember and use Passwords, more secure. With Graphical password, user clicks on image instead of typing it. A text password containing alphanumeric characters. A New, more secure graphical password system Developed using image segmentation. Picture A segmentation system presents images to the user Here the user selects some grid on that image. If These points, entered in the correct order, user. The result is an alphanumeric password and Both graphical passwords worked around the same time, Graphical passwords were easy to obtain and remember. [1]As such, graphical passwords have been found to be harder to crack They are newly implemented and don't have many algorithms Designed to break them.

Gut Dysbiosis in Experimental Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Rodent Repository Data.

Alterations in gut microbiota contribute to the pathophysiology of a diverse range of diseases, leading to suggestions that chronic uremia may cause intestinal dysbiosis that contributes to the pathophysiology of CKD. Various small, single-cohort rodent studies have supported this hypothesis. In this meta-analysis of publicly available repository data from studies of models of kidney disease in rodents, cohort variation far outweighed any effect of experimental kidney disease on the gut microbiota. No reproducible changes in animals with kidney disease were seen across all cohorts, although a few trends observed in most experiments may be attributable to kidney disease. The findings suggest that rodent studies do not provide evidence for the existence of "uremic dysbiosis" and that single-cohort studies are unsuitable for producing generalizable results in microbiome research. Rodent studies have popularized the notion that uremia may induce pathological changes in the gut microbiota that contribute to kidney disease progression. Although single-cohort rodent studies have yielded insights into host-microbiota relationships in various disease processes, their relevance is limited by cohort and other effects. We previously reported finding metabolomic evidence that batch-to-batch variations in the microbiome of experimental animals are significant confounders in an experimental study. To attempt to identify common microbial signatures that transcend batch variability and that may be attributed to the effect of kidney disease, we downloaded all data describing the molecular characterization of the gut microbiota in rodents with and without experimental kidney disease from two online repositories comprising 127 rodents across ten experimental cohorts. We reanalyzed these data using the DADA2 and Phyloseq packages in R, a statistical computing and graphics system, and analyzed data both in a combined dataset of all samples and at the level of individual experimental cohorts. Cohort effects accounted for 69% of total sample variance ( P <0.001), substantially outweighing the effect of kidney disease (1.9% of variance, P =0.026). We found no universal trends in microbial population dynamics in animals with kidney disease, but observed some differences (increased alpha diversity, a measure of within-sample bacterial diversity; relative decreases in Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus ; and increases in some Clostridia and opportunistic taxa) in many cohorts that might represent effects of kidney disease on the gut microbiota . These findings suggest that current evidence that kidney disease causes reproducible patterns of dysbiosis is inadequate. We advocate meta-analysis of repository data as a way of identifying broad themes that transcend experimental variation.

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OLD HIGH GERMAN CONSONANTISM

The article examines the main processes associated with the formation and development of writing in the Old High German period of the formation of the German language. The Old High German period is primarily the period of the formation of the German nation, first within the Frankish state, and later the East Frankish state, ending with the proclamation of the German Empire in 962. Actually, the written tradition of the German language is connected with church life. In the monastery cells, theological treatises, prayers, and psalms were translated into German, historical works were written, and biblical commentaries were compiled for the school and for the education of priests. Monasteries became the centers of education and spiritual life of the early feudal society. At this time, a new form of existence of the German language was formed in the form of a set of territorial dialects. The article notes that The Old High German dialects differ from each other in phonetic, morphological, lexical, and even syntactic aspects. In other words, almost every dialect had its own spelling and phonetic features. However, the unity of the German language was always ensured by the kinship of the dialects, the general trends in the development of their phonetic and grammatical structure, and interaction with a particularly strong influence of the Frankish dialect on others. The development of the graphic system in this period is complex due to the adaptation of the Latin alphabet to German pronunciation. At that time, there was not only a single orthographic norm for the German language in general, but also a single spelling of certain words or morphemes within the framework of a single written document. The main written works of that time are analysed, taking into account the dialectal features of each of them. It has been found that under the influence of Latin, the German script undergoes significant changes, but retains its linguistic independence, particularly in the consonant system.

Feasibility of 10 MW Biomass-Fired Power Plant Used Rice Straw in Cambodia

This study investigates the feasibility of rice straw for energy production in Cambodia. The potential areas for a 10 MW biomass-fired power plant installation are estimated based on rice straw availability displayed in a graphic information system (GIS). The discounted cash flow (DCF) method on the profitability index (PI) was executed by Mathlab software, which was used to determine the period of the power plant profitability. The reduction of CO and CO2 emissions from the proposed rice straw biomass-fired power plant with 10 MW capacity was calculated and compared with the coal-fired power plant and open field burning. Prey Veng, Takeo, and Battambang are potential provinces that have an estimated rice straw source of 804,796 t/annum, 720,040 t/annum, and 603,273 t/annum, respectively. Within a 20-year project, the biomass-fired power plant can reach profitability between six and ten years with the operation of the rice-straw price of 20 USD/t to 40 USD/t. The total energy produced by these potential areas is 1251 GWh/annum, with a CO2 emission avoidance of 1.06 million t/annum compared to the coal-fired power plant operation. Simultaneously, the emission savings of the biomass-fired power plant compared to open-field burning are 0.61 million t/annum of CO2 and 0.02 million t/annum of CO in the study site. The findings are prospectively essential for further designing of a small-scale biomass-fired power plant in Cambodia.

Tropical Cyclogenesis Detection From Remotely Sensed Sea Surface Winds Using Graphical and Statistical Features-Based Broad Learning System

This paper proposed a graphical and statistical features-based broad learning system (GSF-BLS) to detect tropical cyclogenesis with the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform version 2.0 (CCMP V2.0) wind products. The framework of the proposed model is composed of three modules: the data preprocessing module, the feature extraction module, and the basis broad learning system (BLS). At the stage of data preprocessing, we use the CCMP V2.0 data to match the best tracks and the Global Tropical Cloud Cluster tracks to obtain the developed and undeveloped samples. At the feature extraction stage, a convolution module with pre-trained weights is used to extract the graphical features (GFs). Meanwhile, the statistical features (SFs) are calculated based on the divided sub-regions of each sample. Thus, the combination of these GFs and SFs forms the input vectors. Then, the training time of GSF-BLS on CPU is only one-twentieth of that of deep learning models, showing its simplicity and efficiency in model training. The overall accuracy, probability of detection (POD), and false alarm rate (FAR) on the testing set are 89.46%, 86.78%, and 8.31%, respectively. More importantly, the incremental learning ability of GSF-BLS makes it superior to most deep learning models in model updating, which can avoid the computational burden caused by retraining. Finally, the case study results show that GSF-BLS can predict tropical cyclogenesis in 52 of 70 cases in advance, and the average lead times are 13.54 hours. Therefore, the experimental results demonstrate that GSF-BLS is a promising tropical cyclogenesis detection model.

Городскаяречь как объект лингвистического исследования: устная и письменная разновидности

The article focuses on methodological tendences in urban language research. Authors, meanwhile, substantiate rationality of its spoken and written varieties as separate fields of study. These studies are marked with a high rate of activity and they highlight a new concept of the «regiolect» — a regional variety of the national language. The analysis of the scientific results of linguo-urbanistics reveals the dominance of the onomastic vector and obvious lack of research into urban speech. The authors specify discrepancies in the function of written and spoken language in linguistic, semiotic and psychological aspects. They also state destructive results of simple mechanical transfer of oral speech techniques to urban epigraphy, the differences between word-formation processes in written and oral speech are described. The visuality of a written sign, the possibility of hybrid word formation with the help of other symbolic and graphic systems, as well as the activity of language norms are listed as features of written communication. A distinctive feature of the oral form is the possibility of meaning explication through non-verbal signs. According to the authors, greater reliability of scientific results in the field of modern urban studies can be achieved through compliance with the principle of unmixed study of living speech and urban writing.

THE PHENOMENON OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE LATINIZATION AS A FACTOR IN THE BROADENING OF THE METALANGUAGE OF LINGUISTICS

he article is devoted to the specifics of the formation of the metalanguage of graphemics as an actual scientific direction of modern linguistics. The emergence of graphemics as a separate scientific field has not led to the consolidation of a single term in the scientific discourse to denote the science of writing and the graphic level of language. In addition, there is no established graphemics terminology. The article proposes to define the term field of linguistics, which represents the established terms, and discusses the controversial issues related to the formation of the microterm field associated with the phenomenon of Latinization, since language reflects all political, psychological, and cultural changes, including those motivated by the peculiarities of its graphic representation. In the Ukrainian linguistic culture of the 19th and 20th centuries, there was a competition between two graphic systems: the traditional Cyrillic and the Latin alphabets. This competition («alphabet wars») is also actualized in the modern linguistic space of the early 21st century, which is represented by attempts to Latinize the Ukrainian language space. The process of Latinization has led to the emergence of new terms to denote these attempts as projects (variants) of the Ukrainian Latin alphabet. In Ukrainian graphemics, such occasional terms as yirechekivka, lahodivka, luchukivka, melnykivka, Ukrainian abecedary, and Ukrainian gaietyka have emerged. In addition, we trace the emergence of nonce terms that are common in Ukrainian scientific discourse. Among them, we find synonymous connections: alphabet war and alphabet blizzard. Certain aspects of the alphabet war in Galicia also contributed to the emergence of such terms as alphabet battles, alphabet plague, alphabet discussion, alphabet history, alphabet coup, alphabet question, and alphabet disputes. The task of summarizing information on this issue in terms of diachrony and synchrony is being actualized. The problem under consideration has prospects, since the terminology system of grapgemics requires systematization and clear lexicalization, creation of a dictionary of graphemics terms.

Interview of Ivan Sutherland

Ivan E. Sutherland was born in Hastings, Nebraska, in 1938. He received a BS from the Carnegie Institute of Technology (1959) in electrical engineering, an MS from Caltech (1960) and a PhD in electrical engineering from MIT (1963) <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Sutherland's dissertation, Sketchpad: A Man Machine Graphical Communication System, described a groundbreaking interactive computer-aided design system, one whose graceful interaction and functionality inspire admiration among computer graphics professionals even today <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">From 1964 to 1966, Sutherland was director of the Information Processing Techniques Office of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), where he guided computer research across the United States. In 1968, he joined colleague David Evans to build a center of computer graphics research at the University of Utah and to found with him the Evans and Sutherland Computer Corporation <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">From 1976 to 1980, Sutherland served as chairman of computer science at Caltech, and from 1980 onwards, was a vice president of the consulting firm Sutherland, Sproull and Associates, acquired by Sun Microsystems in 1990 to form the basis of its corporate research laboratory <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Sutherland has won many awards for his work, including the ACM Turing Award (1988) the IEEE John von Neumann Medal (1998). He is a Fellow of the Computer History Museum.

Optimal Deep Transfer Learning Based Colorectal Cancer Detection and Classification Model

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one such dispersed cancer globally and also prominent one in causing cancer-based death. Conventionally, pathologists execute CRC diagnosis through visible scrutinizing under the microscope the resected tissue samples, stained and fixed through Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). The advancement of graphical processing systems has resulted in high potentiality for deep learning (DL) techniques in interpretating visual anatomy from high resolution medical images. This study develops a slime mould algorithm with deep transfer learning enabled colorectal cancer detection and classification (SMADTL-CCDC) algorithm. The presented SMADTL-CCDC technique intends to appropriately recognize the occurrence of colorectal cancer. To accomplish this, the SMADTL-CCDC model initially undergoes pre-processing to improve the input image quality. In addition, a dense-EfficientNet technique was employed to extract feature vectors from the pre-processed images. Moreover, SMA with Discrete Hopfield neural network (DHNN) method was applied for the recognition and classification of colorectal cancer. The utilization of SMA assists in appropriately selecting the parameters involved in the DHNN approach. A wide range of experiments was implemented on benchmark datasets to assess the classification performance. A comprehensive comparative study highlighted the better performance of the SMADTL-CDC model over the recent approaches.

ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНО-КОРЕКТНА МОДЕЛЬ ОСВІТЛЕННЯ, ОСНОВАНА НА РОЗРАХУНКУ КУТА МІЖ ВЕКТОРАМИ

Computer graphics allows to significantly increase the bandwidth of the information channel, through which two-way communication between the user and the computer is created, and therefore the value of graphical presentation of calculation results in industry and research practice is increasing. While creating the three-dimensional graphic images, a great attention is paid to realism, which makes it possible to adequately display objects and processes. During the formation of such images it is important to realistically reproduce colors, the gradation of which creates the effect of volume. During the reproduction the specular component of color the bidirectional reflectance distribution function is used, which shows how much light is reflected from the surface to the observer. The most common are the Blinn and Fong models. Unfortunately, these models do not comply with the law of conservation of energy, which certainly affects the realism of the formation of graphic scenes. The work provides a detailed analysis of the most widespread reflectance models. As a base for the modification, the distribution function is chosen, which uses an angle between the median vector and the normal vector. The article describes the search of the normalized coefficient formula for the reflectance model based on the calculation of the angle between the vectors that approximates the Blinn-Fong model. The features of the approximated model are analyzed. The initial data for finding the normalizing coefficient formula on the selected intervals were calculated. Using the Python gplearn library, a program for selecting the normalizing coefficient formula has been developed. The parameters of the genetic algorithm for selecting formulas have been adjusted. The approximation accuracy of the training set is calculated. A table of absolute errors of the hemispherical integral reflectivity is given. The resulting surface reflectance model can be used in highly realistic computer graphics systems to create three-dimensional scenes.

Name Variation in Old Russian: Main Cases and Possible Interpretations

The study considers several cases of the variation of Christian and original Slavic names of persons in Medieval Rus. Based on chronicles, birch bark letters, and business documents, the article traces the changes in the form of one and the same name, investigates the context, and offers possible explanations for each distribution of name forms. First, the article addresses hypocoristic forms of Christian names (Mikhalko, Yanka), which in the period under study most often did not carry a diminutive or pejorative meaning but could perform a neutralizing function in the interaction between original Slavic and foreign name systems: in an earlier Rostov chronicle Michael of Chernigov appears under the form Mikhalko, while in later sources he is consistently mentioned under the form Mikhail. Second, the variations between canonical and popular forms of the same Christian name (Aleksey/Oleksey, Stefan/Stepan) are analyzed in the context of narrative changes. We found that in contexts related to their death and/or participation in the construction of a church, many posadniks [city m ayors] of Novgorod are mentioned by the canonical form of their name, while in the description of other events — consistently by the popular form). Finally, special attention in the article is devoted to the influence of the graphic systems of Old Russian sources on the alternation of the forms of Christian names, as well as to the limits of variation of native Slavic names in the context of personal correspondence in birch bark letters as compared with the chronicles.

Объектно-ориентированный подход к поддержке сценариев в системах оптического моделирования

This article discusses the problems of supporting Python scripts in an actively developing interactive graphics system. Such support is a time-consuming task, which is difficult to automate in the general case. As a solution to this problem, we propose an approach that allows developers to combine the creation of new system components with the simultaneous embedding of scripting support without writing redundant additional code. The result is a user-friendly object-oriented API that describes all aspects of interaction between the system and scripts. Scripts using this API can be used to modeling automation as well as to extend the system with custom extension classes. The latter is especially important as it leaves the ability for ordinary users to extend closed-source systems on their own.

To Survey Graphical Password Verification Method

Abstract: In this present time, authentication is the way of giving persons access to system object based on user's uniqueness. If the codes match, the process will be succeed and user will get the consent to access the system. Text based password scheme follows the guidelines such as at least 8 characters long, should combine upper-case and lower-case and digit. user have problem to remember their complicated password over time due to the limitation of human brain, user tend to forget about their password. User tend to use the same password for all type of account. So if one account is hacked, the possibility for other account to be hack is a high. Graphical password can be used as alternative to solve the issue related to the text-based authentication based on the fact that humans can tend to remember pictures batter then text. Now a day’s many computer system, Network and internet based environment are trying to use of graphical authentication technique in this paper we make a survey of the basic authentication and its technique and also presents a comprehensive study of graphical password authentication method and graphical password system.