Graphics System Research Articles

Проект письменности для исчезающего бесписьменного чалканского языка

The paper deals with the cases of the graphical variability in the Chalkan language and suggests some proposal for optimization of the Chalkan orthography. The Chalkan language has no established graphical system. Native speakers use Russian and Altay letters to write in Chalkan but it can’t reflect specific phonemes properly. It leads to the occurrence of several graphical variants that capture the pronunciation incorrectly. The material of the article is published and handwritten dictionaries written by native speakers. On the base of graphical analysis cases of high graphical variability are established. For these cases the audio recording was made and processed by means of spectral analysis and glottography via Praat software. The project of the Chalkan orthography improvement was made. For example central mid vowel [ə] is denoted by letter a, but we propose for it a special sign ə. We observe the variability и / ы in the suffixes and propose using the letter ы. The palatal nasal consonant can be denoted by signs н, нь, ӈ or њ, but we suggest writing њ. The velar nasal consonant tends to be written as ң or ҥ and we advice to use ҥ. For the palatal plosive consonant which can be written as j or ть and we propose using j there. We suggest using letter қ for uvular plosive [q]. For velar approximant speakers use letters ғ, ӷ, or х and we choose ғ as the best variant. For alveolar-postalveolar voiced fricative consonant graphemes ж, щ, ч или жь are used and in our opinion the new letter җ should be introduced. So we suppose that the Chalkan alphabet should include letters Аа Бб Вв Гг ғ Дд Jj Ее ǝ Жж җ Зз Ии Йй Кк Ққ Лл Мм Нн Њњ Ҥҥ Оо Öö Пп Рр Сс Тт Уу Ӱӱ Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ыы ь ъ Ээ Юю Яя where letters ч, ь, ъ, ю, я are only for Russian borrowing

Credal Valuation Networks for Machine Reasoning Under Uncertainty

Contemporary undertakings provide limitless opportunities for widespread application of machine reasoning and artificial intelligence in situations characterised by uncertainty, hostility and sheer volume of data. The paper develops a valuation network as a graphical system for higher-level fusion and reasoning under uncertainty in support of the human operators. Valuations, which are mathematical representation of (uncertain) knowledge and collected data, are expressed as credal sets, defined as coherent interval probabilities in the framework of imprecise probability theory. The basic operations with such credal sets, combination and marginalisation, are defined to satisfy the axioms of a valuation algebra. A practical implementation of the credal valuation network is discussed and its utility demonstrated on a small scale example.

Проблема конкуренції латиниці й кирилиці в українській лінгвокультурі

The rivalry between two graphic systems, the Cyrillic alphabet and the Ukrainian Latin alphabet, can be traced throughout the history of the functioning of the Ukrainian language. During the 19th–21st centuries, Ukrainian linguists were continuosly analyzing the question issue of rivalry between Cyrillic and Latin alphabets in the Ukrainian linguoculture. The problem of the functioning of the Ukrainian Latin alphabet in the modern Ukrainian linguistic space during the globalization of English has been reemerged and continues to stir up the scientists. It expands the problematics of Ukrainian linguographic theory and reorients it toward a goal of the de-specifying information on this subject in the both diachronic and synchronic aspects of diachrony and synchrony.

Automated Bioanalytical Workflow for Ligand Binding-Based Pharmacokinetic Assay Development.

The growth of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) continues to accelerate due to their success as treatments for many diseases. As new therapeutics are developed, it is increasingly important to have robust bioanalytical methods to measure the pharmacokinetics (PK) of circulating therapeutic mAbs in serum. Ligand-binding assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-IDs) targeting the variable regions of the therapeutic antibody are sensitive and specific bioanalytical methods to measure levels of therapeutic antibodies in a biological matrix. However, soluble circulating drug mAb targets can interfere with the anti-IDs binding to the therapeutic mAb, thereby resulting in an underestimation of total drug concentration. Therefore, in addition to a high binding affinity for the mAb, the selection of anti-IDs and the assay format that are not impacted by soluble antigens and have low matrix interference is essential for developing a robust PK assay. Standardized automated approaches to screen and select optimal reagents and assay formats are critical to increase efficiency, quality, and PK assay robustness. However, there does not exist an integrated screening and analysis platform to develop robust PK assays across multiple formats. We have developed an automated workflow and scoring platform with multiple bioanalytical assay parameters that allow for ranking of candidate anti-IDs. A primary automated indirect electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was utilized to shortlist the anti-IDs that were selected for labeling and screening in pairs. A secondary screen using an ECL sandwich assay with labeled-anti-ID pairings was used to test multiple PK assay formats to identify the best anti-ID pairing/PK assay format. We developed an automated assay using fixed plate maps combined with a human-guided graphical user interface-based scoring system and compared it to a data-dependent scoring system using Gaussian mixture models for automated scoring and selection. Our approach allowed for screening of anti-IDs and identification of the most robust PK assay format with significantly reduced time and resources compared with traditional approaches. We believe that such standardized, automated, and integrated platforms that accelerate the development of PK assays will become increasingly important for supporting future human clinical trials.

ПОКАДРОВАЯ АНИМАЦИЯ В ОБУЧЕНИИ НАЧЕРТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ГЕОМЕТРИИ

The paper presents using of frame-by-frame animation of geometric constructions in the course "Descriptive Geometry" to present educational graphic material in a more accessible and visual form for students.
 Electronic support of descriptive geometry classes used at the Department of Engineering Graphics at Bauman Moscow State Technical University made in the technique of frame-by-frame animation in the format of presentations and electronic text publications is presented.
 The technique of creating frame-by-frame animation is described. Geometric constructions are performed using computer graphics systems, in layers; each layer contains one step of construction. When layers are showed on alternately, a number of graphic files are created, which are inserted in a certain sequence on presentation slides or on the pages of an electronic text publication. During the demonstration, a visualization of the course of geometric constructions is created on the screen.
 Teachers when giving lectures and practical classes use electronic support of classes, made in the format of presentations to demonstrate the course material on the screen in the classroom. The presentations contain graphic material in the technique of frame-by-frame animation and minimal text material; the teacher gives the necessary explanations.
 Electronic support of classes, made in the form of an electronic educational visual aid, is used for independent work of students. Unlike classroom presentations, in an electronic educational visual aid, the animation of geometric constructions is accompanied by a text step-by-step description of the sequence of solving geometric problems.
 The main advantage of using electronic training software made in frame-by-frame animation technology compared to traditional software is the visibility and the ability to consistently, step by step, understanding the course of graphic constructions, with the ability to go back and repeat the sequence at any stage.

Building Domain-Specific Machine Learning Workflows: A Conceptual Framework for the State-of-the-Practice

Domain experts are increasingly employing machine learning to solve their domain-specific problems. This article presents to software engineering researchers the six key challenges that a domain expert faces in addressing their problem with a computational workflow, and the underlying executable implementation. These challenges arise out of our conceptual framework which presents the “route” of transformations that a domain expert may choose to take while developing their solution. To ground our conceptual framework in the state-of-the-practice, this article discusses a selection of available textual and graphical workflow systems and their support for the transformations described in our framework. Example studies from the literature in various domains are also examined to highlight the tools used by the domain experts as well as a classification of the domain-specificity and machine learning usage of their problem, workflow, and implementation. The state-of-the-practice informs our discussion of the six key challenges, where we identify which challenges and transformations are not sufficiently addressed by available tools. We also suggest possible research directions for software engineering researchers to increase the automation of these tools and disseminate best-practice techniques between software engineering and various scientific domains.

Апроксимація дистрибутивної функції відбивної здатності поверхні поліном третього степеня

In the article a bidirectional reflectance distribution function based on a polynomial of the third degree is developed. The main disadvantages of Schlick, Phong, Blinn reflectance models are analyzed. The approximation of Blinn-Phong model by a cubic polynomial is proposed to improve the productivity of three-dimensional image formation. Formulas for the coefficients of the approximation cubic polynomial are calculated. The disadvantages of using the proposed cubic polynomial for reproducing the glare’s attenuation zone are considered. A function for high-precision reproduction of this zone is proposed, formulas of its coefficients are calculated. A combined function, combining a cubic polynomial for reproducing the glare’s epicenter zone and a function for reproducing the attenuation zone, is proposed. The plot of the combined function is built. It is shown that the combined function reproduces the glare’s epicenter and attenuation zones with small relative and absolute errors. The developed reflectance model provides a highly-productive formation of three-dimensional scenes in computer graphics systems. The proposed distribution function of surface reflectivity can be used in computer graphics systems.

За кирилицата като шрифт на Балканите през XV–XVI век

The author explores the following issues: the differing graphical systems of the early print Cyrillic fonts and their role in establishing common identity through achieving cultural unity in graphical diversity. The paper provides conclusions about the types of orthographic systems (the Tarnovo two-nasal system and the Raška and Resava systems); the graphical inventory of individual editions according to selected differential features; the areal and cultural specifics of the studied editions. The author argues that the early print Cyrillic fonts functioned as a sign and information system and a cultural phenomenon that upheld tradition and rein-forced its literary prestige.

Способы художественной когниции поэтов американского постмодерна

The aim of the study is to identify the innovative methods of artistic cognition characteristic of poets in the postmodern era. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author identifies such methods of artistic cognition as artistic fractal, chaotic thinking, cognition through linguistic structure and interaction with the reader, the functioning of which is considered based on the American language poetry of the late 20th century. The specific characteristics of the postmodern poets’ creative thinking, expressed in a special language of lyrical texts, are determined. As a result, it has been found that the chaotic nature of modern creative thinking is realized by such linguistic means as paradox, oxymoron, paronomasia, an extended metaphor, a semantic flow, a line break, etc. One of the forms of the chaotic nature as a method of artistic cognition are fractals, represented at the structural level as complex graphic systems. Cognition through linguistic structure is realized both at the lexical (paronomasia, metaphor, oxymoron, paradox) and the grammatical (a line break, violation of grammatical norms, use of graphic symbols and drawings) level. Interaction with the reader is carried out in the course of solving logical riddles represented by paradoxes.

Revolutionizing Motor Health: IoT-Driven Detection of Electrical Abnormalities in Three-Phase A.C. Induction Motors

This paper presented a comprehensive investigation into the detection of electrical abnormalities in a 3-phase alternating current (AC) induction motor (IM) rated at 1.5 kW under simulated single phasing and overloading test conditions. The findings from data analysis on electrical abnormalities simulated physically on an IM were reported, employing a non-invasive technique. Sensors were deployed to monitor the IM and measurements were taken. The data logging and control were designed using an industrial-grade graphical system design software, LabVIEW, and NI PXIe-1071 embedded controller hardware. A novel combination of in-situ on-line current measurements, infrared temperature detection, and 3-axes micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers were utilized for measurements. The paper described an internet of things (IoT) monitoring system capable of alerting the operator of the motor to any electrical abnormalities. Experimental results suggested that an IM subjected to single phasing experienced observable z-plane vibration, with a standard deviation of 0.24 G. For overload tests (i.e., 50 Hz and 30 Hz) on the IM based on the national electrical manufacturers association (NEMA) standard, the percentage of heating ranged between 103.98% and 109.67%, respectively; however, no significant increase in z-plane vibrations was observed.

The Traffic Light System: A user-friendly alternative for gait data representation

BackgroundInstrumented gait analysis is an established procedure in biomechanical assessment, requiring specially-trained analysts to interpret the complex graphical output generated. Research questionDoes a new method of visual representation of lower limb kinematic gait analysis data provide a reliable and valid method of interpretation of biomechanical data for healthcare professionals? MethodsAn innovative system based on the Traffic Lights System (TLS) was developed. Simulated abnormal gait was captured using a 16-camera optoelectronic motion capture system, and the results were presented in both the Traditional Graphical System (TGS) format and the new TLS. An online form was filled by health professionals who attempted to interpret normal and abnormal motion in the joints presented in the 2 output formats. ResultsOut of 26 raters, 18 preferred the new system because of its user-friendliness and its ease of interpretation. 2 raters preferred the TGS, with one of these raters clarifying that the preference is due to colour blindness. For intra-rater reliability, 2 trained raters provided a second response for the TGS (Cronbach’s Alpha ranging between 0.733 and 0.918), whilst the TLS resulted in Cronbach’s Alpha between 0.817 and 1.00 amongst 3 untrained raters. The Fleiss Multi-rater Kappa Test demonstrated low inter-rater reliability amongst raters in the TGS, whereas the overall Fleiss Multi-rater Kappa values of the TLS surpassed the TGS in all 3 studies. SignificanceThis study showed that whilst trained health professionals have high intra-rater reliability in interpreting traditional gait analysis results, those professionals inexperienced in the system, do not always comprehend the complex graphs generated by the system when presenting gait analysis data. When these graphs are transformed into coloured outputs representing the extent of the movement, the TLS has demonstrated high validity and high intra- and inter-rater reliability, significantly exceeding those of the TGS, especially in untrained health professionals.

Ellipsoidal estimation of parameters of rotational and translational motion of a non-cooperative space vehicle from visual information


 The use of near-Earth space is currently complicated by the presence of space debris objects in Earthʼs orbit, which include spent stages of launch vehicles, inoperative spacecraft, and other large and small objects associated with human activity in space. One of the elements of solving the problem of space debris is the docking and capture of an uncontrolled non-cooperative space object or spacecraft by a so-called on-orbit servicing spacecraft to carry out further actions to repair it, refuel or change its orbit. The situation is complicated by the fact that, under the influence of various factors, uncontrolled space objects are in a state of rotation. The parameters of the orbital motion of such objects are known quite accurately from measurements from the Earth. To carry out safe approach and docking, knowledge of the parameters of rotational motion, as well as the parameters of relative motion, is also required. The most general case of motion of a non-cooperative tumbling spacecraft located in an elliptical orbit is considered. It is assumed that the three-dimensional graphic model of such spacecraft is known. The servicing spacecraft (SSC) is equipped with a mono camera that takes pictures of the non-cooperative spacecraft (NSC). Based on a comparison of the characteristic features of photographs and images obtained using the graphical model, the computer vision system (CVS) determines the distance vector to the so-called graphical coordinate system, rigidly fixed on the NSC and the quaternion of its relative attitude. The specific type of CVS is not considered. It is assumed that the SSC carries out some maneuvers near the satellite. All parameters of the SSC angular motion are assumed to be known. This work considers the most general case of the relative motion of SSC and NSC. Using quaternion calculus, all basic kinematic and dynamic equations are obtained. The measured parameters are not enough to ensure safe rendezvous and docking with the NSC. The stochastic characteristics of errors of the CVS measurement are not assumed to be known and, accordingly, are not used. Only their maximum values are specified for them. We consider the use of new dynamic set-membership filter using ellipsoids to solve the problem of determining the parameters of the relative motion of the NSC which is in free uncontrolled motion. The filter can be implemented under conditions of the limited computational capability available on onboard processors. The relative motion parameters include the distance vector between the centers of mass (c.m.) of the NSC and the SSC, the relative velocity vector, the quaternion of the orientation of the main axes of inertia of the satellite relative to the inertial coordinate system, the ratio of the moments of inertia of the satellite, the vector of the position of the NSC c.m. in the graphical coordinate system. The properties of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated using numerical simulation. The results obtained are expected to be used in the development, creation and testing of a navigation system for the rendezvous and docking of the SSC, developed by a group of Ukrainian space industry enterprises under the leadership of the LLC «Kurs-orbital» (https://kursorbital.com/).

Writing without wordsSymbols: An Evolutionary History from the Stone Age to the Future Richard Sproat Springer Cham, 2023. 235 pp.

A computational linguist probes the relationship between graphical symbol systems and language.

Enhancing graphical password authentication system with deep learning-based arabic digit recognition

Enhancing graphical password authentication system with deep learning-based arabic digit recognition

Cultural and Creative Products Design Based on Graphic Visualization System

Cultural and Creative Products Design Based on Graphic Visualization System

Visual languages and the problems with ideographies: A commentary on Morin.

Morin argues that ideographies are limited because graphic codes lack a capacity for proliferating standardization. However, natural graphic systems display rich standardization and can be placed in sequences using complex combinatorial structures. In contrast, ideographies are not natural, and their limitations lie in their attempts to artificially force a graphic system to behave like a writing system.

Security and risk analysis in the cloud with software defined networking architecture

Cloud computing has emerged as the actual trend in business information technology service models, since it provides processing that is both cost-effective and scalable. Enterprise networks are adopting software-defined networking (SDN) for network management flexibility and lower operating costs. Information technology (IT) services for enterprises tend to use both technologies. Yet, the effects of cloud computing and software defined networking on business network security are unclear. This study addresses this crucial issue. In a business network that uses both technologies, we start by looking at security, namely distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack defensive methods. SDN technology may help organizations protect against DDoS assaults provided the defensive architecture is structured appropriately. To mitigate DDoS attacks, we offer a highly configurable network monitoring and flexible control framework. We present a dataset shift-resistant graphic model-based attack detection system for the new architecture. The simulation findings demonstrate that our architecture can efficiently meet the security concerns of the new network paradigm and that our attack detection system can report numerous threats using real-world network data.

Geographic Information System Searching Locations for Hospital and Police Offices Based on Android

Currently the technology is growing rapidly. Using geographic information systems and media services internet navigation system or GPS (global positioning system) which is present on the platform android smartphone, google maps and google services that is product of virtual map, free and online. Where the public can access the map anywhere and anytime when needed. But the google map does not show the location of police stations and hospital as a whole therefore the need for the development of graphic information system (GIS) the location of the police station and hospital in the area of ​​sidoarjo. In this Study, researchers make automatic geographic information system for searching the location of the hospital and police stations based on android.

Таблично-алгоритмічний метод для антиаліайзингу зображення відрізків прямих

Increasing the informativeness of computer graphics is achieved due to the formation of images that accurately reproduce the structural and visual features of the object. When forming such images, it is necessary to display graphic scenes with great detail, therefore, at this stage of the development of computer graphics, special attention is paid not only to the speed of forming graphic images, but also to their realism. In most modern computer graphics systems, the raster principle of image formation is used. When creating raster images, distortions occur due to the insufficient resolution of the raster. Artifacts appear on the images, one of the manifestations of which are pronounced steps or teeth on the edges of objects. The aliasing effect significantly affects the realism of the formed image, which necessitates the development of special methods and means of its elimination The tabular method of vector anti-aliasing was further developed. It is proposed to calculate the values of the evaluation function to store its values with a larger quantization step, and to calculate the intermediate ones according to the derived formula. The analysis showed that the use of the proposed approach allows reducing by 8¸17 times the amount of memory needed to calculate the pixel coverage area. The method involves hardware and software implementation and can be used in high-performance computer graphics systems.

Retracted: Intelligent Garment Graphic Design System for Artificial Intelligence and 3D Image Analysis

Retracted: Intelligent Garment Graphic Design System for Artificial Intelligence and 3D Image Analysis