Graphical Methodology Research Articles

Optimizing waste heat recovery with organic Rankine cycles: A novel graphical approach based on Exergy-Enthalpy diagrams

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a widely-used waste heat recovery approach, that converts low-grade heat into shaft work. This paper introduces a graphical methodology using Exergy-Enthalpy (Ex-H) diagrams, for evaluating and designing ORCs. ORC thermodynamics can be represented by approximate triangular exergy profiles without compromising accuracy. The exergy profile of the heat-absorbing process is crucial to ORC performance. Approximate triangular exergy profiles can be constructed for any ORC configuration to predict ORC performances, such as work output, exergy loss, and thermal efficiency. Furthermore, a systematic graphical approach is developed for integrating waste heat streams and ORCs, with step-by-step procedures outlined. The evolution procedure of the ORC exergy profile can determine working fluid selection and operating conditions. This visually intuitive yet scientifically rigorous tool clarifies the complex relationships between fluids, parameters, and system performance. Two case studies demonstrate the method's effectiveness, confirming it as a valuable tool for ORC design.

Graphics based business process harnessing tools, advancing digital maturity of business

PurposeThe advancement of digital maturity at a business level has proven to be challenging, with limited time, resources and skills in extracting and mapping business processes. In order to advance digitalization, the mapping of all business activities is essential. To close this gap, this research is aimed at enabling the operational level extraction and classification of business activities using a graphical methodology. This objective is accomplished through the development of a digital tool that leverages Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) principles.Design/methodology/approachThis research is focused on facilitating rapid extraction of business activities with the adoption of a graphical methodology. Business activities are captured through a digital tool in a structured, interlinked and hierarchical manner.FindingsNotably, this work is novel as it introduces a new graphical tool to replace traditional tools in the domain of Business Process Mapping (BPM). This graphical tool is distinguished by a unique feature; that is a self-configuring database with the flexibility to capture all process options, providing innovative solutions to the challenges faced in digitalizing business processes.Originality/valueThis work is original in that a new graphical interface is developed to replace traditional tools in the space of BP data gathering. The unique challenge of an auto configuring database with flexibility to capture all process options is presented.

The Metamatrix of Thermal Comfort: A compendious graphical methodology for appropriate selection of outdoor thermal comfort indices and thermo-physiological models for human-biometeorology research and urban planning

Ongoing climate crisis increase people's outdoor thermal stress, discouraging outside activities and intensifying indoor consumptions. Amelioration of urban microclimates is necessary to safeguard citizens from thermal strokes without energy-intensive strategies, ensuring future cities’ sustainable development. More than 200 calculation methods can be adopted with the purpose to design thermally comfortable public spaces, but existing literature lacks selection criteria to justifiably choose the appropriate ones. As resolution, the Metamatrix of Thermal Comfort has been developed. It's a graphical methodology, addressed to academicians and practitioners, that allows to rapidly comprehend and compare the specificities of 65 renowned thermal comfort indices and thermo-physiological models, explaining their mutual interactions. To promote practicality in thermal comfort studies, relying on calculation tools, an Operational version, including only 22 indices and models integrated in computer programs, is presented. A qualitative evaluation by approximately 30 criteria, such as climatic and physical factors, meteorological conditions, solar exposure and type of environment, allows to select thermal comfort calculation methods compatible to specific needs. To find appropriate computational tools, the Metamatrix of Software can be consulted. An application example is provided, proving the suitability of this graphical methodology as a powerful asset to apply outdoor thermal comfort-driven design to urban planning.

Service Strategy and Implementation of Digital Sharia Pawnshops in Increasing the Number of Customers in Rantau Prapat

Pledge as one of the categories of debt-receivable agreements, for the trust of the lender, the debt holder swears merchandise as collateral for obligations. The collateral remains the property of the person who pledged it, but is limited by the recipient of the votive. The special functional components of sharia second-hand shops can be completed by Islamic financial institutions, especially sharia second-hand shops, both as private and government organizations. Improvements are currently accelerating, this is evidenced by progress in various fields, especially innovation. However, not all innovations provide accommodation and positive effects for their clients if they are not handled as expected. This study plans to determine the degree of business administration system for the Digital Sharia Pawnshop application (PSD) in supporting exchanges and increasing potential in facing competition, and to determine the adequacy of online administration carried out by Rantau Prapat Syariah Pegadaian through the Digital Sharia Pawnshop Application (PSD) in expanding the number of customer. Discussion of exam results using a graphical methodology. From the results of this review, it shows that with the implementation of a sophisticated sharia second-hand shop (PSD) application, it is very easy for the general public to make transactions at sharia second-hand shops. So the Digital Sharia Pawnshop (PSD) for this situation sharpens the organization's special value in facing competition. The effectiveness of PSD is reviewed through 7 dimensions, namely efficiency, reliability, compliance, service privacy, responsiveness, compensation, and contact.

Assessing the region's energy provision

This paper considers the task of ensuring the energy and environmental security of regions under the conditions of shortage of traditional energy resources. The method of expert assessments has been applied to justify the choice of types of acceptable energy resources that provide an increase in the relative energy supply of the territories of the regions. A list of factors from 6 groups has been devised and compiled that includes 27 indicators characterizing the technological, environmental, and other consumer characteristics of energy resources available for use. The maximum and minimum values of the indicator scores, the permissible intervals for their change, and the weighting coefficients that assess the importance of the indicator in the list have been determined. The method of expert assessments is supplemented by a random number generator for the formation of an information field on the values of the characteristics of energy resources and statistical processing of data on acceptable energy resources under the conditions of the considered regions. A quantitative comparative analysis of available energy resources and technologies based on them was carried out. It is proposed to use the acceptability index and the environmental conservation index as a criterion for the preference of a resource. Index values equal to or greater than 1 indicate resource preference. It is shown that for the base region under consideration, such resources are nuclear, solar, wind, and hydropower. The method of expert assessments makes it possible to get an objective idea of the acceptability of using a certain energy resource to ensure energy security, taking into consideration its environmental impact in a particular region of the country. A quantitative comparative analysis of the state of the existing structure of energy resources in the region and their availability has been carried out. To conduct a comparative analysis of acceptability by indicators and types of resources, a graphical and analytical methodology was used. The reliability of the results obtained was assessed using a concordance coefficient. The results could be useful for devising projects for the development and ensuring the energy security of the regions in the context of reforms

Graphical Methodology for Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions by Combined Use of Funicular and Projective Geometry

AbstractThis paper presents a new graphic methodology for the structural analysis of domes and other surfaces of revolution, based on the combined use of funicular and projective geometry. The meth...

Minimizing Compression Work in a Multi-Pressure Level Steam Network

Increasing energy requirements and carbon emissions drive towards energy efficiency. In a process industry, one of the efficient ways of becoming cost-competitive is to employ the most efficient techniques and methodologies to utilize the available energy. One such area of energy targeting is compression work in steam networks. Steam is present in various pressure levels. In general, there are various levels of steams that are used in process industries. This paper deals with the development of an algebraic methodology that takes into consideration of pressures of the available steam streams, their temperature and flow rates into consideration. The objective of the proposed method is to calculate the minimum compression work required to satisfy steam demands using steam sources and these steam sources and demands are at various pressure levels. The methodology initially breaks multiple pressure systems into various sub-problems and solving each set of two pressure level sub-problem at a time. The overall cross-flows between all the pressure levels eventually determine the compression work required. The developed methodology is graphical and optimum solutions can be guaranteed. The cross-flow is calculated via a graphical methodology of the shortest path between the two curves. The methodology is illustrated via an example where reduction potential in compression energy is estimated to be more than 80 %.

Queuing Strategy in Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART)

Abstract This paper investigates an examination on a lining system in Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART). DART is an element of an improved tsunami warning system. By changing the order in solar high temperature and thickness and diffusing the information through an outward float to a station on the ground by satellite, DART empowers moment and precise tidal wave gauges. Here we study a Queuing issue that occurs during the hour of DART. The Queuing issue is changed into a scientific Queuing model, and it is settled by methods for a supplementary variable procedure of a lining process. We infer the likelihood of creating a function of the queue size and the exhibition proportions of the framework viz. mean length of the queue size and normal waiting time of the line. Likewise, we figure the inactive time and usage factor of the base weight recorder (Server). The model is very much clarified by the methods for diagrammatic portrayal. The model is all-around clarified in detail by the methods for its application. In addition, it is all-around legitimized by the methods for numerical representation and graphical methodology.

Carryover of a Saddle-Node Bifurcation After Transforming a Parameter into a Variable

In this article, we introduce and study the carryover of a saddle-node bifurcation, a concept that describes how a saddle-node bifurcation of a dynamical system is carried over into an extended dynamical system obtained by transforming one of the parameters of the original system into a variable. We show that additional transversality and singularity conditions are needed to guarantee the carryover of a saddle-node bifurcation and provide a graphical methodology with a two-parameter bifurcation diagram to verify that such conditions are met. The results are applied to a gene activation model when the parameter describing the signal for activation is transformed into a variable, and to a cell cycle regulatory model when the parameter describing the cell mass is transformed into a variable. In both cases, we show that a saddle-node bifurcation carryover takes place.

Geometry and Stability of a Double-shell Dome in Four Building Phases: The Case Study of Santa Maria Alla Sanità in Naples

ABSTRACT This research work provides a stability study for a double masonry dome during its construction process and, a consideration of the possible effects that the procedure followed for building the structure has on its current mechanical behaviour. In particular, the analysis is carried out on the Baroque dome of Santa Maria alla Sanità in Naples, a relatively small dome with a span of 12 m. The main contribution of the paper consists of making a hypothesis about the different phases of construction and demonstrating that the dome was in equilibrium during these different phases. This aspect has been rarely considered when analysing historical structures. The theoretical framework assumed refers to Limit Analysis in which the masonry is modelled as composed of rigid-unilateral material. To assess the stability of the dome, the study proposes an equilibrium analysis performed both graphically and analytically, by using the graphic statics and the membrane analysis. The results obtained from the two methods are also compared, at each stage of construction. Besides the classical graphical methodology based on the slicing technique, the membrane equilibrium solution provides a wider repertoire of equilibrium states, since it allows for biaxial stress fields and is here implemented with a new method for which the surface and the stress potential are both approximated through simplicial surfaces based on the same triangulation. This more refined analysis confirms the results obtained through graphic statics giving wider geometrical safety margins and a more detailed interpretation of the non-axisymmetric loading cases

Finest Budget for Secure Tetragonal Lattice TPM in Alleyway Graphical Methodology

The proposed method provides the Optimum Basic Feasible Solution for the given balanced TPM through graphical method. This proposed method which is derived by this methodology is 100% matching with VAM and LCM. All the derived paths of this model provide OBFS with any one of the so called method

A Graphical Design Methodology Based on Ideal Gyrator and Transformer for Compensation Topology with Load-Independent Output in Inductive Power Transfer System

Compensation is crucial in the inductive power transfer system to achieve load-independent constant voltage or constant current output, near-zero reactive power, higher design freedom, and zero-voltage switching of the driver circuit. This article proposes a simple, comprehensive, and innovative graphic design methodology for compensation topology to realize load-independent output at zero-phase-angle frequencies. Four types of graphical models of the loosely coupled transformer that utilize the ideal transformer and gyrator are presented. The combination of four types of models with the source-side/load-side conversion model can realize the load-independent output from the source to load. Instead of previous design methods of solving the equations derived from the circuits, the load-independent frequency, zero-phase angle (ZPA) conditions, and source-to-load voltage/current gain of the compensation topology can be intuitively obtained using the circuit model given in this paper. In addition, not limited to only research of the existing compensation topology, based on the design methodology in this paper, 12 novel compensation topologies that are free from the constraints of transformer parameters and independent of load variations are stated and verified by simulations. In addition, a novel prototype of primary-series inductor–capacitance–capacitance (S/LCC) topology is constructed to demonstrate the proposed design approach. The simulation and experimental results are consistent with the theory, indicating the correctness of the design method.

ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: prospects for interactive and dynamic graphics in the era of data-rich animal science1.

Statistical graphics, and data visualization, play an essential but under-utilized, role for data analysis in animal science, and also to visually illustrate the concepts, ideas, or outputs of research and in curricula. The recent rise in web technologies and ubiquitous availability of web browsers enables easier sharing of interactive and dynamic graphics. Interactivity and dynamic feedback enhance human–computer interaction and data exploration. Web applications such as decision support systems coupled with multimedia tools synergize with interactive and dynamic graphics. However, the importance of graphics for effectively communicating data, understanding data uncertainty, and the state of the field of interactive and dynamic graphics is underappreciated in animal science. To address this gap, we describe the current state of graphical methodology and technology that might be more broadly adopted. This includes an explanation of a conceptual framework for effective graphics construction. The ideas and technology are illustrated using publicly available animal datasets. We foresee that many new types of big and complex data being generated in precision livestock farming create exciting opportunities for applying interactive and dynamic graphics to improve data analysis and make data-supported decisions.

A conceptual efficient design of energy recovery systems using a new energy-area key parameter

Energy integration in petrochemical and refining industries is an effective concept to minimize dependence on heating and cooling utilities through networks of exchanger equipment. Pinch Analysis is very popular and successful technique to optimize heat recovery between heat sources and sinks. Yet, design of networks of exchangers is challenging and requires careful attention to energy consumption and exchanger areas. This work presents a graphical methodology to design exchanger networks taking into account both heat loads and transfer areas of exchanger units in one single information. A new parameter is introduced for design that is the ratio between the heat load and the exchanger area, and is determined in kW/m2. It is defined as an energy-area parameter expressing how much heat the exchanger would transfer per every meter square of area. Such parameter will be valuable key in design to screen matches of exchangers providing that both the heat and area are considered. The higher the value of the parameter, the better the performance of the exchanger, i.e. maximum heat transfer rate for minimum exchanger area. The design methodology embedding the energy-area parameter guarantees HEN designs with energy targets and minimum areas. A case is studied for the production of 100,000 t/y of dimethyl ether. An optimum network is generated by applying the new parameter with less exchanger areas and hot utility of 25% and 30%, respectively compared with an automated design by Aspen Energy Analyzer®. Also, substantial savings of about 47% in the total cost of the network are earned.

A Pinch Analysis approach for minimizing compression energy and capital investment in gas allocation network

Transportation of fluid is a very important aspect of process industries, especially for oil and gas industries. Pipelines have been considered as the most effective and safest way of transporting fluids. Transportation of gas through a pipeline is an energy-intensive process; hence, energy optimization in gas transportation networks is an important issue to be considered while framing the environmental policies. In this paper, a novel graphical methodology based on pinch analysis approach for simultaneous minimization of capital investment and compression energy requirement in gas allocation network with the aid of thermodynamic relations is developed. The results of the proposed methodology are expressed as a Pareto optimal front. The e-constraint method is used to generate Pareto optimal front for the two objectives. Identifying the relationship between capital investment and energy requirement gives the opportunity to the decision-maker for choosing the suitable optimal operating point based on the operating and economic conditions of the process. This result allows the planner to calculate the effects via increasing or decreasing energy requirement or capital investment. The applicability of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through two illustrative examples.

Sizing of reactors by charts of Damköhler's number for solutions of dimensionless design equations

The reaction kinetic rate and mass transport play an important role in the sizing and scale-up of reactors. The Damköhler's dimensionless number (Da) is the quotient of these effects. A new interpretation of Da as a local property is introduced Da(x,y,z,t). A new graphical methodology is proposed for the sizing and scale-up of unidirectional flow reactors and CSTRs. The partial differential equation (PDE) and algebraic that describe the continuity within these reactors transform into dimensionless variables, and the conversion at the output is expressed as a function of the conditions at the input Da0. The operating conditions as volumetric flow, residence time; design variables as reactor volume; and intrinsic reaction rate are involved in Da0. The equations are solved numerically to develop the design charts Da0 vs X.The design volume is linear with Da0, and the conversion is obtained from the charts (Da0 vs X) or vice versa. Using these charts avoids the analytical or numerical solution of the PDE that governs the unidirectional flow reactors becoming an easy tool for scale-up. The article portrays how to use these diagrams. Reactors with Da0< 0.1 have a low conversion per pass, the charts also allow estimating the number of recirculations required as a function of the overall conversion. Reactors with the same conversion have the same Da0, both laboratory and industrial scale. Then, the Danumber is presented as a fundamental parameter for design and scaling-up these reactors.

A Method for Graphical Representation of Severe Resonance Regions

The vibrational responses with a relatively high amplitude are due to the interference with the resonant operational range of the rotating machinery. The average operating speeds for engine cold testing pass through several critical regions while ramping from idle to the maximum testing speed. The resonant severity differs from one critical speed to another depending on the sequence of interference and the cyclic triggering of the machine harmonic distortion. A better understanding of the harmonic distortions can be built by creating a detailed Campbell diagram including the excitations generated by the engine and the electrical drive. This paper defines a comprehensive Campbell diagram including the excitations generated by the variable frequency drive and the engine and locates all the possible critical speeds. The critical speeds are used to create an inverted excitations diagram to graphically locate the most destructive resonance region in the range of the operating speed. A novel graphical methodology is described in the current paper inspired by the linear programming simplex representation.

Batch service Queuing system with Phase of service and various vacation policies

This paper considers a M X/G/1 line with arbitrary breakdowns and various vacation. Service is given in phases. After the fulfilment of service,the server goes for a get-away of irregular span and subsequent to coming back from get-away, the server chooses to take an all-encompassing get-away which is optional. A idea of remain by server is presented during the hour of stretched out vacation. The server may expose to separate and it get into a fix procedure quickly with no delay. We treat Reneging in this paper when the server is under repair. Arrival of clients follows a Poisson distribution. All different parameters follow general distribution. Steady state consequences of the lining model and all the execution measures are determined. Numerical outline and graphical methodology justifies the model.

Bond Graph-Based Modelling for Parameter Identification of 5 kW Photovoltaic Group

Nowadays, photovoltaic is becoming more popular, reliable, and widely used. Despite its popularity, there are several problems related to instability and non-availability in almost all the Photovoltaic applications. Various parameters cause those problems such as solar irradiation, temperature, the material used in the photovoltaic cells, as well as the battery's storage capacity, and the connecting cables. For a better understanding of those problems, it is needed to model photovoltaic installations trough Multi-physics modeling, which allows the simulation of photovoltaic installations and the impact quantification of each one of the parameters mentioned above. In this paper, a mathematical model based on graphical methodology (Bond Graph) for a 5 kW Photovoltaic Group is presented. The developed model demonstrates the effect of solar radiation and the ambient temperature on the output voltage, current, and power. This model is possible without going through an iterative process. In this work, all the photovoltaic group parameters are given according to ambient temperature, solar irradiation, materials of photovoltaic cells, and the conducting wires. The expected values for voltage and current have been successfully compared to the actual physical data. Good results have been demonstrated using RMSE, with values of 3.1775 V for voltage, and 0.04 A for current.

Influence of four socioeconomic indices and the impact of economic crisis on solid waste generation in Europe

The standard of living and certain socioeconomic and development indices can influence solid waste generation. This potential association can aid to focus on, and to establish, appropriate policies to reduce waste generation, with waste prevention being the cornerstone of those policies so that to eventually decouple waste generation from economic growth. Although, several studies have been performed at a regional or municipal level to study the impact of socioeconomic factors on waste generation, this impact on a European scale using data of several individual special solid waste streams from the years of the economic crisis has not been studied. The goal of the work was to investigate the impact of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Human Development Index (HDI), the Unemployment Rate (UR), and the CO2 emissions on the generation rates of thirteen solid waste streams using data from ten European countries. Annual data ranged from years 2008/2009 to 2015. Regression modeling between the waste generation rates and each of the four indices was developed and significant correlations were calculated. Results revealed that nine solid waste streams were positively correlated to the GDP, with waste electronic and electric equipment (WEEE) having the strongest positive correlation. With the aid of a novel graphical methodology, the countries were grouped into “normally behaving”, “affected”, “preventive” and “wasteful”. Greece and Portugal were the countries that belonged to the “affected” countries for most waste streams, whilst Germany and the United Kingdom belonged most frequently to the preventive countries.