Graphical Analysis Method Research Articles

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF REAGENTS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LATVIA

Sustainable development in the environmental sector is a priority direction in Latvia, as in all EU countries. However, the use of different approaches does not provide effective results to achieve the SDG. The purpose of the research is to develop a model for carrying out an ecological audit based on the principle of inter-industrial assessment on the use of reagents on the country’s roads. The authors suggest using an environmental audit for a comprehensive assessment of the influence of reagents on the environment. Subject of research: model of environmental audit in assessing the use of reagents. The object of the study is the Latvian approach to the use of reagents. The research methodology applied for this research study is qualitative and quantitative research methods. The monographic method and the method of deduction were used to analyze the corresponding theoretical concepts, the statistical method, the method of graphic analysis, correlation and regression analysis, Student’s distribution were used for the evidence base of the research. Conclusion of the study: in the research the authors identified the following pattern: with the growth of income of the population of Latvia, the number of cars in the country increases (correlation 0.999, R = 0.754), however, there is also an increase in road accidents (correlation 0.946, R = 0.728), which leads to an increase in car repairs. In auto repair work, an anti-corrosion coating is used that releases non-methane volatile compounds. When conducting an environmental audit, it is necessary to take into account anti-corrosion coatings. As part of the research, the identified pattern was based on the use of the principle of intersectoral assessment. According to the authors, conducting an environmental audit according to the model proposed by the authors will lead to the identification of sources of environmental pollution, and subsequently to the development of a program to reduce or eliminate it. Regression equation analysis will make it possible to predict the expected number of accidents and will allow non-methane volatile compounds to be taken into account in environmental audits.

Advancing microdata privacy protection: A review of synthetic data methods

AbstractSynthetic data generation is a powerful tool for privacy protection when considering public release of record‐level data files. Initially proposed about three decades ago, it has generated significant research and application interest. To meet the pressing demand of data privacy protection in a variety of contexts, the field needs more researchers and practitioners. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to synthetic data, including technical details of their generation and evaluation. Our review also addresses the challenges and limitations of synthetic data, discusses practical applications, and provides thoughts for future work.This article is categorized under: Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Modeling Methods and Algorithms

A review of Monte Carlo and quasi‐Monte Carlo sampling techniques

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive review and comparison of the Monte Carlo and quasi‐Monte Carlo sampling techniques, which are widely used in numerical integration, simulation, and optimization. Monte Carlo sampling involves the generation of pseudorandom numbers or vectors to estimate unknown quantities of interest. In contrast, quasi‐Monte Carlo sampling is specialized for situations where uniformity and reduced variance are important. It generates a deterministic low‐discrepancy sequence that spans the entire sampling space. This review aims to analyze the strengths and distinctions of these two sampling methodologies, offering valuable insights to researchers in search of sampling techniques aligned with their specific research objectives and needs. Furthermore, it seeks to equip practitioners with efficient algorithms for practical implementations.This article is categorized under: Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Monte Carlo Methods Algorithms and Computational Methods > Numerical Methods Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Sampling

Development Prospects of Modern Banking

Relevance. The philosophy of Industry 4.0 today dictates the complete transfer of many business areas to the online environment, which has been successfully demonstrated by transformational changes in such areas as trade, communications, finance, education, public service, etc. The digital model of the national economy built on this basis is constantly being transformed and requires monitoring of the processes taking place in the information environment. It can be noted that today the world economy has reached a certain point of no return in its development, from which it is no longer possible to turn production processes from a digital model back to a traditional or analog one. The purpose of the study was to assess current trends in the digitalization of the banking sector in the face of growing competition. Objectives: to assess the current state and level of development of banking in the current socio-political conditions; to systematically present the main technological solutions that are actively implemented in banking; to highlight the key advantages of banking; to outline the horizon of banking participation in the online space. Methodology. The methods of generalization, systematization, analogy, graphical and logical analysis, idea generation were used in the work. Results. Based on a systematic vision of digitalization processes in the banking sector over the past 20 years, an analysis of the level of development of the leader of the banking business Sberbank in the world ranking, a conclusion was made about the need for further investment in technology development. Conclusions. The article discusses the directions for the future development of banking in the domestic banking sector and draws conclusions about the further development of technologies in the context of the increasing activation of generation Z in the socio-economic life of society

Cybersecurity of Critical Infrastructure Facilities

Relevance. The cybersecurity of information systems and services is becoming one of the important criteria for the quality of services and production of goods in modern society, just like the stability and speed of data transfer. Developers of software products and applications are concerned about the increase in the number of attacks on their systems, the increase in the theft of information and assets. The confrontation between Russia and NATO countries has intensified the growth of geopolitical threats and hacker intrusions into the information system of Russia with the aim of destabilizing and deactivating it. At the same time, Rostelecom-Solar noted that hackers are especially attracted to the critical infrastructure of the Russian economy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate modern technologies for protecting digital services used by companies and to identify new approaches to strengthening security systems. Objectives. The following tasks were set and consistently solved in the article: to assess the current trends in the transformation of information systems, as well as objects of critical information infrastructure in the light of the increasing attacks of hackers; propose a new approach to solving cybersecurity problems. Methodology. The methods of graphical, horizontal and logical analysis, generalization and systematization of data were used in the work. Results. Based on a general review of technologies for protecting critical infrastructure, both from the side of the state and from the side of business, it was concluded that it is necessary to form a triad of visibility of vulnerabilities. Conclusions. The article considers the directions of restructuring the entire cyber industry and the formation of a new vector for the development of the digital world in the context of changing geopolitical confrontations between developed powers. It is concluded that it is necessary to change the paradigm of the technology market in the direction of transferring all programs to Russian technologies and intensifying their promotion to the EAEU countries, which will allow building a new Eurasian IT market under the guidance of the Russian Federation.

Results of the expert survey assessing the efficiency level of the national regulatory system in the field of medicines turnover

The aim. The aim of the research is to analyze the efficiency level of the national regulatory system in the field of medicines circulation using self-diagnostic tools, which will allow identifying reserves for its optimization and further improvement. 
 Materials and methods. The research materials consisted of the results of a survey conducted among government officials of national regulatory authorities in the field of medicines circulation. The research utilized methods of sociological survey, descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, data grouping, and generalization techniques. The research includes the development of a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization's "Global Benchmarking Tool" methodology, adapted to the national healthcare system. The questionnaire consisted of 2 questions to determine respondent characteristics and 104 statements about the functioning of the national regulatory system in the field of drug circulation. 
 Results. According to 75 % of the surveyed officials in Ukraine, an effective regulatory system operates in the field of drug circulation. Based on the number of affirmative answers, all statements were divided into 4 groups: high, sufficient, moderate, and low. Thus, the quality management system of national regulatory authorities was evaluated at a high level, while the funding system of national regulatory authorities received the lowest ratings. The grouping allowed us to identify weaknesses in the activity of the national regulatory system in the field of drug circulation, such as the lack of funds in budgets for staff training and overall insufficient funding for national regulators, including insufficient funding from international donors, lack of clarity and comprehensiveness in the regulatory framework for the pharmaceutical sector, etc. 
 Conclusions. In accordance with the aim of the article, we conducted research on the efficiency level of the national regulatory system in the field of drug circulation, which revealed that the most mature and effective direction of its activity today is the development and implementation of quality systems in national regulatory authorities

Analysis of the awareness by healthcare professionals and the public about viral hepatitis in the context of decentralisation of diagnostics

Viral hepatitis B and C (VH) is a global public health problem. The peculiarity of VH is usually asymptomatic onset of the disease, so early diagnosis and, accordingly, treatment of the disease at early stages will help to reduce mortality and costs associated with treatment of complications.
 The aim of our study was to investigate the level of awareness of health care professionals (HCPs) and the general population about VH, as well as their attitudes toward VH testing.
 In accordance with the objective, a survey form for healthcare professionals and a survey form for the general population were developed. Methods of comparative, statistical, graphical and logical analysis were used to process the survey results, describe them and draw conclusions.
 79% of surveyed healthcare professionals believe that the problem of VH spread is relevant for Ukrainian society, 37% consider VH a very dangerous disease. 63% of respondents know the differences in treatment, but 60% answered incorrectly about the possibility of complete cure of HCV. The main obstacle to diagnosing VH is the belief that people do not belong to the risk group (82.3%), but only 23.3% of the surveyed population will not be diagnosed for this reason. Due to the cost of the procedure, 13.8% of the population will refuse to be tested. 71% of respondents said they knew the main symptoms of VH, while 84% did not consider themselves to be at risk of infection. In case of absence of symptoms, 55% of respondents are not ready to buy a test in a pharmacy for self-diagnosis of VH at their own expense. 89% of respondents are ready to buy a test for self-diagnosis in a pharmacy if they suspect VH. In general, the results of the study emphasize the relevance of decentralization of VH diagnostic services.
 The majority of respondents, both among the general population and healthcare professionals, are aware of the ways of VH infection, but do not consider it necessary to be tested. In our opinion, there is an urgent need for an information campaign focused on the need for annual VH diagnosis. In the future, decentralization of testing and information campaigns in cooperation with pharmacists will help reduce the burden on the economic system of providing testing and treatment for people with VH at the expense of the state.

A method for setting the term of water rights trading based on loss–benefit function

Abstract At present, water rights trading is used by many countries around the world to solve the problems of water resource shortage and uneven spatial and temporal distribution. However, there is no scientific method for setting the term of water rights trading, which is generally determined through negotiation between the trading parties. In order to find a more objective method for determining the term of water rights trading, we constructed a loss–benefit model about the term of water rights trading and solved it based on the principle of comprehensive benefits greater than zero to determine the optimal term of water rights trading. First, we analyzed the benefits and losses brought by water rights trading, then constructed a loss–benefit function with trading term as the independent variable. Second, based on the graphical analysis method, we analyzed the benefits and losses of water rights trading. Finally, the optimal term for water rights trading is determined based on the loss–benefit function and combined with a graphical analysis method. In addition, this study can also help us determine the longest or shortest water rights trading term based on actual situations.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EASTERN STATES OF INDIA

This study examines a comparative analysis of the trend and pattern of healthcare expenditure in four major eastern states of India. The study is completely built on secondary sources of data from 1991 to 2020 taken from the RBI Database, the World Bank Database and various governmental reports. The study has used descriptive statistics, Log-linear regression, least square trend and graphical methods for analysis. This study shows the percentage share of total health expenditure to GSDP has an increasing trend. According to the regression analysis, health spending has a strong favourable effect on GSDP in the four eastern states of India. A rise in the state of health helps to accomplish the maximum productive capacity of human capital and thereby increase the productivity of market structure. So, sound health plays an significant role in the economic growth and development of a nation. This paper makes the case that governments should take immediate steps to produce alternative income from different sources including foreign grants and alternative tax revenue. KEY WORDS: Economic growth, Health- Expenditure, Regression, Time series

The effect of religious-ontological-based intervention on clinical symptoms and existential thinking of students with depressive disorder: a multiple baseline case study

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of religious-ontological-based intervention on clinical symptoms and existential thinking of students with depressive disorder. Methods: This research was carried out in the framework of a single-case experimental study with three students with symotomos of depression who were selected through purposeful sampling from the students of Ardakan University (Yazd, Iran) during the academic year of 2022-2023. Each individual participant received 8 sessions of intervention based on religious ontology, twice during the baseline phase, three times during the treatment phase, and twice during the follow-up phase. Beck depression questionnaire (1996) and Allen and Scherer's scale of existential thinking (2012) were utilized as measurement instruments. To analyze the data, graphical analysis method was used to determine the recovery percentage and reliable change index. Findings: The findings showed significant clinically and statistical improvements in the existential thinking and decreased depression after treatment (p<.01). After two months, a follow-up was done where differences were maintained, which indicates the sustainability of the therapeutic effects. Conclusion: Regarding the results, it can be concluded that religious-ontological-based intervention can be used to increase the existential thinking and to reduce depression in the students with depressive disorder. Considering that Iranian society has a coherent religious context and religion has a special status in people's lives, this intervention can be effective in reducing depression symptoms.

Assessment of the influence of the indicators of providing the quality of the transportation service of the city passenger enterprise on the transportation behavior of consumers in the city of Kyiv

Methods. The research results were obtained by applying a number of scientific approaches and methods, such as: multiple correlation – to determine satisfaction with the provided transport service of a trip by city passenger transport; the method of graphic factor analysis using the attributes of the quality of the transport service – to determine the quality of the process of providing the transport service and the quality of the result of receiving the transport service; methods of analysis, grouping – for the systematization of scientific and methodological approaches, determination of key indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of managerial influence on improving the quality of transport services for certain segments of customers of the city passenger carrier. Results. Evaluation of the relationship «quality – satisfaction» cannot be only point-wise: it is necessary to take into account at what point in time during the service process and how exactly a certain attribute of the quality of transportation affected a person’s impression. The short-term and continuous nature of the transport service for the transportation of passengers in the city makes it possible to evaluate its overall quality as an impression accumulated under the influence of attributes. Analysis of the dynamics of such accumulation allows identifying priority areas of management influence aimed at improving quality for individual segments of the city carrier’s customers. Novelty. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the method of measuring the overall perceived quality of a trip through the city by isolating the quality of each of its attributes, the quality of its process, and the result, which made it possible to compare estimates of the level of quality of trips through the city for drivers of private cars and passengers of city transport, which meets the market requirements for quality of transport service provision. Practical value. The results of the study are of an applied nature, since the study of directions for evaluating the quality of the provided transport service in megacities will ensure the systematic application of tools with the stabilization of management approaches.

An analysis of unequal exchange in Turkiye s international trade

ABSTRACT Purpose- In the process of globalization, international trade has increased rapidly compared to national income (Dicken, 2015). Despite the expectation that increasing trade openness will increase economic convergence according to conventional trade and growth theories (Rowthorn, Kozul-Wright, 1998), this expectation about convergence of developing countries to developed countries has not materialized (Munck, 2021). In terms of international political economy, issues such as inequality and dependency remained on the agenda (Kiely, 2012). Alternative trade and industrial policies have been marginalized (Chang, 2002). An important theory that questions the positive expectations of conventional mainstream theories is Emmanuel's theory of "unequal exchange" (Emmanuel, 1972). However, in its original form, the theory has been subjected to various criticisms and tried to be developed. In response to the criticism that the theory is based on price and wage differences (Subasat, 2013), an approach based on international technical/organic composition and productivity differences in a more structural manner has been developed (Carchedi and Roberts, 2021). The aim of this study is to review Turkey's trade relations and point out some problems using this new approach. As the first study to apply this new approach to Turkey to our knowledge, it differs from previous unequal exchange studies (Somel, 2003; Dağıstan, 2015). Methodology- The data subject to the analysis in the study were obtained by following the methodology applied in the study of Carchedi and Roberts (2021). In the analysis based on Turkey's international trade, five developed countries that are important in Turkey's trade in the long-run were selected and a sample was obtained. In the study, graphical analysis and time series methods were applied as in the study of Carchedi and Roberts (2021). Findings- As a result of this study, in which five countries that are important in Turkey's long-term international trade are analyzed, the findings indicate that there are important value transfers in Turkey's trade, especially with developed countries. Changes in the terms and conditions of this transfer of value need to be examined and should be one of the crucial factors in considering trade policy. Conclusion- Discussion about trade policy usually revolve around trade balance. However, trade balance does not appear to be a sufficient criterion when evaluating trade policies because unequal exchange is a different concept than trade balance. Consideration of value transfers through unequal exchange should also be considered. In addition, the findings indicate that the level of technology has a decisive role in unequal exchange relations. Keywords: International trade, unequal exchange, globalization, technology, international political economy JEL Codes: D46, F63, F13

Інфляційне таргетування в Україні: окремі аспекти, результати та висновки

Introduction. The large-scale war against Ukraine caused a radical change in its economic policy, including in the monetary sphere. However, this did not affect the plans of the National Bank of Ukraine to return to the inflation targeting (IT) regime after the end of the martial law period. Problem Statement. The introduction of IT in Ukraine was caused by chronic exchange rate and inflation problems that occurred despite many attempts to fix the exchange rate of the hryvnia to the US dollar. However, its application in Ukraine did not fully take into account the international experience accumulated by that time. In addition, the challenges caused by the start of military aggression against Ukraine in 2014 did not receive the necessary attention. Purpose. Analysis of some features and results of inflation targeting in Ukraine.Determination of possible areas of improvement of its monetary policy. Methods. Abstract-logical method, methods of comparisons, graphical and statistical analysis, theoretical generalization are used. Results. The conceptual provisions of IT in Ukraine have left without proper attention the world experience gained during the overcoming of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, as well as the corona crisis caused by COVID-19. In addition, the challenges caused by the start of military aggression against Ukraine in 2014 were not taken into account. As a result, the practical properties of IT in Ukraine corresponded to its rigid version, which was common before the crisis of 2008-2009. Conclusions. The transition of leading central banks to flexible IT was a forced move caused by their inability to promote economic growth by supporting price stability alone. This led to the expansion of the target orientation of monetary policy, as a result of which it began to focus not just on price stability, but “a rational balance between the stability of inflation and the stability of the use of resources.” In Ukraine, this qualitative transformation did not attract due attention. As a result, a number of problematic issues arose regarding the determination of the disinflation schedule, the speed of institutional reforms, target inflation, potential rates of economic growth, the effectiveness of using one (main) monetary instrument, the timeliness and validity of currency liberalization, the inability of the central bank to comply with IT without attracting stabilization loans from international organizations.

Ecosystem as a new banking business environment

Subject. This article discusses the application of the ecosystem approach to the organization of business space in the banking sector of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to systematize and theoretically comprehend the ongoing transformational changes in the traditional business format towards building a platform solution, that is, an ecosystem, as a new phenomenon that requires a clear definition and assessment. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific methods of comparison and generalization, methods of logical, statistical, and graphical analysis of empirical data, comparison and analogy, systematization and generation of new knowledge. Results. Based on the assessment of current trends in the banking business, the article systematizes theoretical and methodological developments on the implementation of the ecosystem approach by Russian banks. It highlights the main elements of ecosystems, the principles of their construction, the effects of their functioning, the types of ecosystem models, as well as the potential risks and threats that this approach is fraught with. Conclusions. An ecosystem built with the help of modern information technologies and bringing the financial and non-financial markets as close as possible within a common brand is a new phenomenon in the banking business.

MORTGAGE LENDING MARKET IN EUROPE: DYNAMICS AND FEATURES

The housing market is an important part of any country's economy. The article analyses the main trends in the development of the mortgage lending market in Europe: general dynamics, development of individual segments, lending volumes, interest rates, construction volumes, resource prices, etc. The purpose of this article is to analyse current trends in the development of the housing market. Graphical and statistical analysis methods are used to visualise the trends in investment in residential construction in Europe in 2020-2022, to identify the main external and internal factors behind the market's decline, and to outline development prospects for the coming years. practical implications. Practical implications. The housing investment market is under the influence of new external destabilising factors (pandemic, military aggression), as well as the pressure of factors such as the economic crisis, widespread digitalisation, the fight against black markets, etc. The results of the analysis have identified the main factors currently affecting the European property market: the aftermath of the invasion of Ukraine, a sharp rise in energy prices, rising inflation and interest rates, a slowdown in economic activity and political uncertainty at global, regional and national level. In general, the development of the housing investment market is characterised by the following trends: high interest rates on mortgage loans; tightening of financing conditions and bank standards, reducing the availability of mortgage loans; slowdown in economic growth and rapid inflation; higher prices for energy and building materials, construction costs and, as a result, an increase in house prices; slowdown in bank lending to households buying houses. Value/originality. An urgent task of modern economic science and practice is the search for ways to attract additional financial resources, mechanisms to ease the financial burden of payments for investors, to reduce and distribute investment risks. It is these circumstances that have determined the growth of the housing investment market segment associated with such innovative forms of investment as digital lending and crowdfunding. According to forecasts, the global digital lending market will grow by up to 12% per year until 2026.

Liquid-liquid equilibria and mechanism analysis for separating phenol from coal tar containing toluene using 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol

Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary systems of phenol + toluene + solvent were determined at 298.2, 308.2, and 318.2 K under 101.3 kPa, in which 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) or 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) was screened as the extracting agent. Two important indicators (distribution coefficient and separation factor) were calculated to evaluate the extraction performance of solvent for separating phenol from coal tar containing toluene. The separation factor was all greater than one, indicating that it is feasible to select 1,2-PDO or 1,3-PDO as extractants for separating phenol from coal tar containing toluene. Meanwhile, solvation free energy and interaction energy among the components were calculated to investigate the separation mechanism of phenol from coal tar containing toluene using 1,2-PDO or 1,3-PDO at a molecular level. Furthermore, NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models were utilized to correlate experimentally determined LLE data for phenol + toluene + solvent (1,2-PDO or 1,3-PDO) ternary systems at (298.2–318.2) K under 101.3 kPa, and the root-mean-square deviation value was used to evaluate the discrepancy between correlated and experimental values, yielding corresponding binary interaction parameters. In addition, graphical user interface method for topological analysis developed by Marcilla was used to corroborate the reliability of obtained binary interaction parameters.

A systematic review of exploratory factor analysis packages in R software

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) applications in scholarly literature reflects its popularity and the convenience of computer‐assisted analysis. With advancements in computer hardware and software, the complexity and variations of EFA analysis have also grown. Despite the availability of sophisticated computer programming, the appropriate utilization of EFA necessitates users to make informed judgments. Additionally, users are responsible for searching and identifying suitable statistical software to accommodate their data and analysis requirements. This review aims to enhance understanding of the EFA technique and summarize the analysis options available for EFA in R packages. A total of 50 packages were examined in this study. Specifically, the review focuses on (1) diagnostic functions, (2) factor extraction, (3) factor retention, (4) factor rotation, and (5) complex data and technique features provided by these packages. The review summarizes the available function options in R packages by outlining these five crucial steps in conducting an EFA analysis. This synthesis offers an overview of the similarities and distinctive features of each package, serving as a valuable resource for users in selecting a suitable EFA technique. It is important to note that there is no definitive approach to conducting an exploratory factor analysis. Users need to deliberately select and combine appropriate techniques to achieve optimal results.This article is categorized under: Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Dimension Reduction Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software

Dominant Partitioning of Discontinuities of Rock Masses Based on DBSCAN Algorithm

In the analysis of rock slope stability and rock mass hydraulics, the dominant partitioning of discontinuities of rock masses is a very important concept, and it is still a key for establishing the three-dimensional (3-D) network model of random discontinuities. The traditional graphical analysis method is inadequate and greatly influenced by subjective experience. A new method using density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is proposed for the dominant partitioning of discontinuities of rock mass. In the proposed method, we do not need to determine the centers of every cluster before clustering, and the acnodes or outliers can be eliminated effectively after clustering. Firstly, the spatial coordinate transformation of the discontinuity occurrence is carried out and the objective function is established by using the sine value of the angle of the unit normal vector as the similarity measure standard. The DBSCAN algorithm is used to establish the optimal clustering centers by searching the global optimal solution of the objective function, and the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is optimized and the mathematical model of the advantage grouping of rock discontinuities is established. The new method and the fuzzy C-means method are compared and verified by using the artificially randomly generated discontinuity occurrence data. The proposed method is a better method than the fuzzy C-means method in general cases, and it can provide more accurate results by eliminating the acnodes or outliers. Finally, the proposed method is applied to discontinuity orientation partition data at Maji dam site, Nujiang River, and there is good agreement with the in situ measurement.

Spatial, Functional, and Landscape Changes in a Medium-Sized Post-Industrial City Based on Aerial Photo Analysis: The Case of Gorlice (Poland)

The article presents the spatial-functional transformations of a medium-sized post-industrial city in the context of the decline in the industrial function which used to occupy a prominent position in the city. The research attempts to answer the following questions: (1) What has been reflected in the spatial and functional development of the city and its landscape by the dynamic transformations in the industrial sector that have taken place since the 1970s, playing out in the broad context of the specific political and socio-economic conditions? and (2) how is the city dealing with post-industrial sites—are we dealing with a ‘post-industrial scar’ or a process of their adaptation to the needs of the present? Analyses were initiated to identify differences in spatial and landscape structure from 1966 to the present. To this end, a land cover analysis was carried out based on available sets of aerial photographs taken in four selected years within the study period, as well as a calculation of the index of variation. Graphical and GIS software (QGIS 3.28.4 version) and methods of statistical data analysis were used. To come up with a full picture of transformations in the second half of the 20th century, an outline of the historical spatial development of Gorlice and the local oil and engineering industry was presented. The results of the research confirm the relationship between the functional and spatial development of the city and the transformation and condition of its industrial function.

Study of the effect of structural parameters of vehicle transportation devices by partial loading on road train maneuverability

The paper presents a classification of the most commonly used methods of transportation of wheeled vehicles. The operational and design disadvantages of the transportation of cars by the method of full loading with the use of specialized vehicles are described. The method of comparative graphical analysis of the kinematics of the turn of road trains with the use of tow axles different in design features is applied. The kinematic features of the tow axles in the composition of the road train are revealed. Comparative kinematic characteristics of road trains are presented. The results of the analysis of car towing devices by the partial loading method, taking into account the requirements of a modern metropolis, are presented. A variant of the design of the tow axle with a rotating cargo platform is proposed. Keywords: towing, maneuvering, road train, evacuation