Graphic-analytical Method Research Articles

Automated Calculation and Coordination of Protective Relay Settings

Development of new methods of automated coordination of traditional step-type protection and multidimensional protection based on statistical principles is necessary for creation of an effective system of relay protection for advanced power supply systems with a complex topology. A graphical-analytical method is proposed for automated calculation of the settings for multidimensional protection based on the matrix representation of the set of protection and protection zones, and an example calculation is given.

THE THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS FOR PHASE EQUILIBRIUM OF SYSTEMS ESSENTIAL OIL OF DILL – WATER AND DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT FOR COHOBATION COLUMN

The thermodynamic diagrams for the systems water essential oil from dill (fruits and leaves) were drawn. Equations were derived by which the vapor phase at certain liquid phase can be calculated for the essential oil-water systems mentioned above. Using the McCabe – Thiele graphic analytical method, the theoretical and actual number of trays for a cohobation column processing distillation waters from dill was calculated. The calculations were carried out for three concentrations of the dill distillation waters fed into the column – minimal, average and maximal. The height of the cohobation column for processing dill distillation waters was determined.

Counting the number of enzymes immobilized onto a nanoparticle-coated electrode

To immobilize enzymes at the surface of a nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensor is a common method to construct biosensors for non-electroactive analytes. Studying the interactions between the enzymes and nanoparticle support is of great importance in optimizing the conditions for biosensor design. This can be achieved by using a combination of analytical methods to carefully characterize the enzyme nanoparticle coating at the sensor surface while studying the optimal conditions for enzyme immobilization. From this analytical approach, it was found that controlling the enzyme coverage to a monolayer was a key factor to significantly improve the temporal resolution of biosensors. However, these characterization methods involve both tedious methodologies and working with toxic cyanide solutions. Here we introduce a new analytical method that allows direct quantification of the number of immobilized enzymes (glucose oxidase) at the surface of a gold nanoparticle coated glassy carbon electrode. This was achieved by exploiting an electrochemical stripping method for the direct quantification of the density and size of gold nanoparticles coating the electrode surface and combining this information with quantification of fluorophore-labeled enzymes bound to the sensor surface after stripping off their nanoparticle support. This method is both significantly much faster compared to previously reported methods and with the advantage that this method presented is non-toxic.Graphical abstractA new analytical method for direct quantification of the number of enzymes immobilized at the surface of gold nanoparticles covering a glassy carbon electrode using anodic stripping and fluorimetry

An Influence of the Wall Acoustic Impedance on the Room Acoustics. The Exact Solution

Abstract The Fourier method is applied to the description of the room acoustics field with the combination of uniform impedance boundary conditions imposed on some walls. These acoustic boundary conditions are expressed by absorption coefficient values In this problem, the Fourier method is derived as the combination of three one-dimensional Sturm-Liouville (S-L) problems with Robin-Robin boundary conditions at the first and second dimension and Robin-Neumann ones at the third dimension. The Fourier method requires an evaluation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Helmholtz equation, via the solution of the eigenvalue equation, in all directions. The graphic-analytical method is adopted to solve it It is assumed that the acoustic force constitutes a monopole source and finally the forced acoustic field is calculated. As a novelty, it is demonstrated that the Fourier method provides a useful and efficient approach for a room acoustics with different values of wall impedances. Theoretical considerations are illustrated for rectangular cross-section of the room with particular ratio. Results obtained in the paper will be a point of reference to the numerical calculations.

Analytical method for the evaluation of the outdoor air contamination by emerging pollutants using tree leaves as bioindicators

In this work, an analytical method, based on sonication-assisted extraction, clean-up by dispersive solid-phase extraction and determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 15 emerging pollutants in leaves from four ornamental tree species. Target compounds include perfluorinated organic compounds, plasticizers, surfactants, brominated flame retardant, and preservatives. The method was optimized using Box-Behnken statistical experimental design with response surface methodology and validated in terms of recovery, accuracy, precision, and method detection and quantification limits. Quantification of target compounds was carried out using matrix-matched calibration curves. The highest recoveries were achieved for the perfluorinated organic compounds (mean values up to 87%) and preservatives (up to 88%). The lowest recoveries were achieved for plasticizers (51%) and brominated flame retardant (63%). Method detection and quantification limits were in the ranges 0.01-0.09ng/g dry matter (dm) and 0.02-0.30ng/g dm, respectively, for most of the target compounds. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the target compounds on leaves from four tree species used as urban ornamental trees (Citrus aurantium, Celtis australis, Platanus hispanica, and Jacaranda mimosifolia). Graphical abstract Analytical method for the biomonitorization of emerging pollutants in outdoor air.

Hexographic Method of Complex Town-Planning Terrain Estimate

The article deals with the vital problem of a complex town-planning analysis based on the “hexographic” graphic analytic method, makes a comparison with conventional terrain estimate methods and contains the method application examples. It discloses a procedure of the author’s estimate of restrictions and building of a mathematical model which reflects not only conventional town-planning restrictions, but also social and aesthetic aspects of the analyzed territory. The method allows one to quickly get an idea of the territory potential. It is possible to use an unlimited number of estimated factors. The method can be used for the integrated assessment of urban areas. In addition, it is possible to use the methods of preliminary evaluation of the territory commercial attractiveness in the preparation of investment projects. The technique application results in simple informative graphics. Graphical interpretation is straightforward from the experts. A definite advantage is the free perception of the subject results as they are not prepared professionally. Thus, it is possible to build a dialogue between professionals and the public on a new level allowing to take into account the interests of various parties. At the moment, the method is used as a tool for the preparation of integrated urban development projects at the Department of Architecture in Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State University (National Research University)”, FSAEIHE SUSU (NRU). The methodology is included in a course of lectures as the material on architectural and urban design for architecture students. The same methodology was successfully tested in the preparation of business strategies for the development of some territories in the Chelyabinsk region. This publication is the first in a series of planned activities developing and describing the methodology of hexographical analysis in urban and architectural practice. It is also planned to create a software product that allows one to automate the process of site assessment on the basis of the methodology.

Development of the graphical-analytical method for calculating electric load at civilian objects

The calculation method is proposed for electric load at civilian objects, whose novelty, in contrast to determining in line with the acting standards, is in the improvement of its determining accuracy. This will be made possible by developing chart models of the load of electrical receivers, their synthesis at the inputs of civilian objects. The original information for modeling is obtained in advance by measuring chart parameters of similar functioning systems of power supply. The implementation of the proposed method would bring down the cost of material and energy resources. We constructed theoretical and actual mathematical models of their dynamics using the function «cspline (x,y)» embedded in MathCAD, extending the interpolation curve with a cubic parabola. We evaluated the errors of theoretically calculated, relative to actual, specific electric load at civilian objects, under conditions of the city of Odessa. Using the graphic-analytical method would improve accuracy in the calculation of electric load by 1.5–3.5 times compared with that determined in line with the standards. This could save energy resources, capital expenditures on the construction and operation of power supply systems.

A method of the determination of hydrogeological parameters of the aquifers on the results of the experimental constant-rate pumping tests

On the basis of the approximate solution of the problem of groundwater filtration during the experimental constant-rate pumping tests of the pressure aquifers, a method for the processing and interpreting the results of this operation has been developed in order to determine the filtration-volumetric parameters of the horizon. The method is combined as much as possible with the currently widely used graphic-analytical method. The proposed method has been shown to have substantially less restrictions on the duration of the experimental perturbation (pumping) than the currently used graphic-analytical one.

Multifactoriality of HIV morbidity dynamics among females in the Republic of Tatarstan

Aim. To analyze the morbidity structure of infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-infection) in women in the Republic of Tatarstan during the period from 1996 to 2016.
 Methods. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological analysis of HIV-infection morbidity in women in the Republic of Tatarstan during the period from 1996 to 2016 with the evaluation of morbidity structure by age, transmission routes, social and family status. Statistical and graphic-analytical methods were used. Extensive morbidity rates of HIV-infection in women (18 years and older) were calculated.
 Results. In the Republic of Tatarstan during the period from 1996 to 2016 HIV-infection was diagnosed in 6815 women with increasing incidence from 0.1 to 30.2 cases per 100 000 women. The increase of the proportion of women older than 30 years in the morbidity structure was observed during this period. Comparative analysis of the parameters from 2001 and 2016 revealed a statistically significant increase of the proportion of married women from 37.5±2.5 to 46.2±2.2% (p

Bauschinger Effect Prediction in Thick-Walled Autofrettaged Cylindrical Pressure Vessels

The paper addresses the Bauschinger effect under complex stress state in materials with deformation-induced anisotropy whose strain hardening is described by the isotropic–kinematic (translational) type hardening hypothesis. The Bauschinger effect is analyzed using the model based on the yield surface conception and graphical–analytical method of construction of constitutive equations under complex loading. As an example, cylindrical pressure vessels with closed and open ends subjected to autofrettage are considered. The tension–compression Bauschinger effect in the axial and hoop directions as well as the Bauschinger effect under reversed torsion with respect to the longitudinal axis is determined. The role of such factors as the level of prestraining under autofrettage, relation between isotropic and kinematic components of the strain hardening, and chemical composition of the material is analyzed. The results obtained are presented in the form of plots.

Graphical-analytic model to form investment policy of industrial enterprise

The article is devoted to the research of graphical-analytic method to form investment policy of industrial enterprise in the capacity of a specific tool to achieve the strategic aim at various stages of life-cycle (LCS). The necessary to formalize the system of estimations is caused by lack of methodological basis of defining quantitative characteristics relying on qualified criteria. To designing graphical-analytic pattern in the capacity of a tool forming investment policy of organisation within the stated development strategy. The comparative analysis of factors that are influencing the investment policy and the stage of organisation life-cycle has been carried out. Theoretical-methodological basis concepts of the development have been considered. All criteria for quantitative estimation of the stage of organisation life-cycle and the performance of investment policy have been proved in the course of the research. The classific characteristics of criteria to estimate the stage of the life-cycle and concepts of investment policy have been formalized. The choice of criteria and interval boundary and its characteristics has been made. The estimation method of the stage of the organisation life-cycle has been introduced. The research, that has been carried out, proves the possibility to develop practical application of graphical-analytic pattern forming investment policy and estimating the stage of life-cycle and type of the investment policy of an analyzed organisation.

Определение несущей способности безанкерной жесткой подпорной стенки по методам предельного анализа

The article describes the method of determining the
 lower bound bearing capacity freestanding rigid retaining wall.
 This method is based on the extreme properties of strength limit
 states described in the first theorem of A.A. Gvozdeva about
 lower bound on the bearing capacity of the “wall-surrounding soil
 mass.” The existing graphic-analytical method for calculating the
 free-rigid sheet retaining walls has been reviewed .The numerical
 solutions of problems for each of the design models were found,
 and the results of calculations were analyzed.

Determination method of rational design parameters for four-shaft not-coaxial preselector transmissions of agricultural tractors

Developing the preselector transmissions for different vehicles, designers of machine-building enterprises face the absence of methods that would allow to define unambiguously the design parameters of those transmissions. Particularly, during determination of shafts arrangement diagram in four-shaft preselector transmissions with not-coaxial arrangement with necessity to keep the minimum overall width, there is the mutual interference of parameters of geometry and arrangement of gear wheels on each other and overall width simultaneously. For the solution of this problem, it is necessary to resort to using of graphical analytic method with a great number of iterations, which is labor consuming and does not provide a guarantee of result repeatability. The article deals with the method that allows to choose the rational parameters of main kinematic links to provide minimum overall width and to define unambiguously their position in space. During method preparation, the authors’ experience in development of transmissions for agricultural tractors of 4 drawbar category was taken into account. The design sequence of preselector transmission is reduced to choice of gear ratios and to forming of rational shafts arrangement diagram, due to which the minimization of overall width of preselector transmission is achieved. It is established that on the basis of kinematic parameters of links, it is possible to form the rhombus that completely defines shafts arrangement in transmission. For complete description of the rhombus geometry and its position in space, the analytical dependences are obtained. As a result, it is possible to determine accurately the overall dimensions of preselector transmission and the distance between input and output shafts without using graphical analytic method. The developed determination method of rational design parameters of preselector transmissions could be used in development of similar constructions for traction and transport machines.

Design of four shaft misaligned semi-automatic transmissions for agriculture tractors

When designing semi-automatic transmissions for tractors and automobiles the engineers of machine-building enterprises face the lack of techniques that allow uniquely identifying their design parameters. In particular, when determining the shaft layout in four shaft semi-automatic transmissions with shaft misalignment design with the need to respect the minimum width the mutual influence arises of geometry parameters and design of gears to each other and to the overall width the same time. In solving this problem it is necessary to resort to the use of graphic-analytical method with a large number of iterations that is time-consuming and does not provide a guarantee of repeatability of result. The article describes a technique that allows choosing rational parameters of the basic kinematic units to ensure minimal overall width, and uniquely identify its position in space. Sequence of design of semi-automatic transmission is reduced to the choice of gear ratios and the formation of a rational layout of shafts through which minimizing of its overall width is achieved. It was established that, on the basis of the kinematic parameters of the units it is possible to build a rhombus which completely determines the location of the shafts in semi-automatic transmission. For a complete description of the geometry of the rhombus and its position in space were obtained the corresponding analytical dependences allowing to determine the dimensions of semi-automatic transmission and the distance between the input and output shafts without the use of graphic-analytical method with a large number of iterations. The developed method of design of semi-automatic transmissions can be used to create similar assemblies for automobiles.

Research of modern advertising market in Ukraine

Research of modern advertising market, marketing services and direct marketing in Ukraine for the period 2007-2015 and the forecast for 2016 was studied for the purpose of forming effective advertising strategy of products for industrial purposes. The following research objectives are defined: to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the media advertising market in Ukraine and its components, marketing services and direct marketing of Ukraine; to give recommendations on the use of various types of advertising products for industrial purposes. To achieve the objectives we used the following methods: analysis and synthesis, logic synthesis, analogies, comparative, monographic and graphic-analytical methods. A study of the advertising market during the period 2007-2015 was conducted. This study demonstrates the generally positive trend as for the types of media such as TV advertising, press, radio advertising, outdoor advertising, transport advertising, cinema. Decline in volumes is observed in 2014 and 2015, except indicators of Internet advertising that increases in 2015. The research of marketing services in Ukraine during the period 2007-2016 was conducted. There is the negative dynamics in all types of marketing services, except the programs that help increase sales here and now, to increase the loyalty of existing customers, that is, trade marketing and loyalty marketing. The volume of direct marketing was analyzed and it can be concluded that the dynamics is negative. It is associated with significant economic and political instability. In 2016 it is projected that direct marketing that generating sales will improve its performance, but image direct marketing will continue to decrease. The recommendations on the feasibility of using channels of advertising for products for industrial purposes, such as TV advertising, radio advertising in specialized magazines and newspapers and online advertising in collaboration for more effective impact on the target audience.

DEFINITION OF TOOL PROFILE FOR TOOLING ROTOR OF GEROTOR TRANSMISSION IN CONDITIONS ROUNDING

The article is devoted to problems of designing tools for machining for processing the surface cycloidal rotor of gerotor gear. Such tools are in particular hobbing cutters and worm wheels. Despite the fact that the above described tools are known in the world, virtually no information about the method of designing. Mostly it mathematical apparatus that would allow us to build a profile of this tools. Based on the analysis for the rotary tool rake and graphic-analytical synthesis was formulated and solved the problem of the existence of discriminant (tangent curve) of family rotor position, and received its equations, which have advantages over numerical and graphical-analytical methods of construction and are relatively easy for the user. The research results can be used as an engineering methodology in the design and manufacture of hobbing cutters and grinding wheels for machining rotors gerotor gear under the conditions of rounding.

Analysis of HIV-infection incidence in women in the Tatarstan Republic

Aim. To analyze the long-term dynamics and assess incidence territorial and age structure of infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-infection) in women in the Tatarstan Republic for the period from 1987 to 2015.Methods. Statistical and graphic-analytical methods were used. Intensive rates of HIV-infection incidence in women (aged 18 years and older), including certain age groups, were calculated and incidence territorial and age structure was analyzed. The incidence average prognostic index in 2016 and its possible maximum and minimum values were determined.Results.From 1996 to 2015 the incidence increased from 0.1 to 31.2 cases per 100 thousand female population. The incidence average prognostic index in 2016 was 37.2 per 100 thousand female population. In adult population (over 18 years) incidence structure the proportion of HIV-infected women in 2001 increased by 2.5 times: from 14.8±0.7% in 2001 to 36.3±1.3% in 2015 (pConclusion. Long-term dynamics of HIV-infection incidence in women in the Tatarstan Republic has a significant upward tendency; the shift to older age groups and significant rates variability by Republic districts in the incidence structure in women were revealed.

Mathematical model of kinetostatithic calculation of flat lever mechanisms

Currently widely used graphical-analytical methods of analysis largely obsolete, replaced by various analytical methods using computer technology. Therefore, of particular interest is the development of a mathematical model kinetostatical calculation mechanisms in the form of library procedures of calculation for all powered two groups Assyrians (GA) and primary level. Before resorting to the appropriate procedure that computes all the forces in the kinematic pairs, you need to compute inertial forces, moments of forces of inertia and all external forces and moments acting on this GA. To this end shows the design diagram of the power analysis for each species GA of the second class, as well as the initial link. Finding reactions in the internal and external kinematic pairs based on equilibrium conditions with the account of forces of inertia and moments of inertia forces (Dalembert principle). Thus obtained equations of kinetostatical for their versatility have been solved by the Cramer rule. Thus, for each GA of the second class were found all 6 unknowns: the forces in the kinematic pairs, the directions of these forces as well as forces the shoulders. If we study kinetostatic mechanism with parallel consolidation of two GA in the initial link, in this case, power is the geometric sum of the forces acting on the primary link from the discarded GA. Thus, the obtained mathematical model kinetostatical calculation mechanisms in the form of libraries of mathematical procedures for determining reactions of all GA of the second class. The mathematical model kinetostatical calculation makes it relatively simple to implement its software implementation.

Using Graphic-Analytical Methods For Robots Group Movement Trajectories Formation In The Two-Dimensional Environment

The problem of movement trajectories formation of a vehicle robots group, functioning in the two-dimensional environment with motionless obstacles, is considered. For the solution of this task, it is possible to use graphic-analytical methods. These methods are based on Dijkstra's algorithms, Bellman-Ford and A *. We carry out experiment including 100 iterations of computer modeling. The results of modeling are data on time of vehicle robots group movement on trajectories developed by means of the algorithms. On the basis of the modeling results was made a comparison of methods. This comparison has allowed revealing the most optimum of methods.

A Parametric Modelling Method for Dexterous Finger Reachable Workspaces

The well-known algorithms, such as the graphic method, analytical method or numerical method, have some defects when modelling the dexterous finger workspace, which is a significant kinematical feature of dexterous hands and valuable for grasp planning, motion control and mechanical design. A novel modelling method with convenient and parametric performances is introduced to generate the dexterous-finger reachable workspace. This method constructs the geometric topology of the dexterous-finger reachable workspace, and uses a joint feature recognition algorithm to extract the kinematical parameters of the dexterous finger. Compared with graphic, analytical and numerical methods, this parametric modelling method can automatically and conveniently construct a more vivid workspace's forms and contours of the dexterous finger. The main contribution of this paper is that a workspace-modelling tool with high interactive efficiency is developed for designers to precisely visualize the dexterous-finger reachable workspace, which is valuable for analysing the flexibility of the dexterous finger.