Graphical User Interface Design Research Articles

Online or Offline Exam in Covid-19 Pandemic: Analysis and Assessment in the Context of Students/ Staff and its Impacts

Covid-19 pandemic has affected the overall structure of the education system, it forced them to change the traditional methods we use for teaching and also the methods we use to analyze them i.e. offline exam. These changes are so sudden that we don’t have proper time to plan them; we have to act instantly and shift everything in online mode, even the paper exams. Due to this sudden transition not only colleges and schools have to face problems, students also have to face lots of problems. In this paper, we try to cover all the problems which are faced by the students and college administration during online exams by conducting a small survey. For conducting a survey we design certain fictional parameters like: Student Insight, Student’s educational attainment, Unfair Means, Staff Insights, Validation and Verification, Graphical User Interface Design, Technical Issues.

The Impact of VR Graphical User Interface on Oculus Touch Controller and Oculus Rift

It is undeniably true that Virtual Reality (VR) has continuously been developed since 1800s and still have been produced till today. However, very few studies have attempted to study on the design of Virtual Reality Graphical User Interface (VR-GUI) that effectively empowers users to interact and immerse in a simulated world, via hardware and software with ease. Therefore, the aims of this research are to compare four different types of VR GUI Controller designs including (2D, 2D animation, 3D, and 3D animation) and to determine UI response time of the Oculus Touch Controller and compare the results with UI response time of Oculus Rift to determine what VR GUI is appropriate for which ages. 168 participants were purposely selected, aged from 12 to 17, 18 to 33, and 34 to 45. The experiment results showed that VR GUI had a significant impact on UI response time resulted from different types of VR GUI controllers. Last but not least, analysis of VR GUI controller user data had suggested that VR GUI developers should design appropriate VR GUI controllers that match all age groups in order for them to experience a fully immersive, perceptually real environment as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Content Analysis of Mobile Device Applications for Artistic Creation for Children between 4 and 12 Years of Age

This article presents the results of the content analysis of 32 painting and drawing mobile applications aimed at children between 4 and 12 years old. The characteristics of the artistic dimension were studied, such as the possibilities of drawing, color, and experimentation, as well as the characteristics of the technical dimension related to the visual design of the interface, usability, and adaptability to users. The results collected show that mobile apps offer tools that have great potential for artistic and creative development, but also reveal certain limitations and problems in the quality of the graphic tools and interface design. One of the central problems of the interfaces of these apps is related to decontextualization and the lack of attention to the diversity and the heterogeneity of users in that age group.

차량 인포테인먼트 시스템의 애니메이션 전환 효과가 만족감에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of animated transitions on satisfaction for In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems (IVIS).<BR>Background: With the advent of autonomous vehicle technology, the autonomous driving era is fast approaching. Currently, a number of automobile manufacturing companies are providing screens linked to mobile phones in IVISs through a connected car service, and are spurring the development of a digital cockpit (expansion of the IVIS screen). The user experience with IVISs has become an increasingly important issue in the vehicle industry. However, a suitable graphical user interface (GUI) design or appropriate animated transition for IVIS screens is under development.<BR>Method: Forty Participants were asked to experience and evaluate 20 different animated transition effects (transition pattern x easing type x interval time) in 7-point Likert Scale for each condition. The post-interview was placed after the experiment.<BR>Results: The result indicated that there is significant difference in satisfaction according to the animated screen transition effect. The analysis showed that Fade pattern and Ease-Out are the best animated transition effects that can manage the delay under 1.0 millisecond and satisfy the users. Post-interview revealed that the interval time should not exceed 450ms.<BR>Conclusion: The most satisfactory animated transition effects and the animated transition effects that can manage the delay were derived.<BR>Application: The result will provide effective guidelines in the field of animated transition design of IVIS systems.

The design and implementation of graphic user interface for real-time wind farm simulation platform

The design and implementation of graphic user interface for real-time wind farm simulation platform

Architecture for Real-Time Granular Synthesis With Per-Grain Processing: EmissionControl2

AbstractEmissionControl2 (EC2) is a precision tool that provides a versatile and expressive platform for granular synthesis education, research, performance, and studio composition. It is available as a free download on all major operating systems.In this article, we describe the theoretical underpinnings of the software and expose the design choices made in creating this instrument. We present a brief historical overview and cover the main features of EC2, with an emphasis on per-grain processing, which renders each grain as a unique particle of sound. We discuss the graphical user interface design choices, the theory of operation, and intended use cases that guided these choices. We describe the architecture of the real-time per-grain granular engine, which emits grains in synchronous or asynchronous streams. We conclude with an evaluation of the software.

Overview of the Flight Dynamics Subsystem for Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter Mission

Korea’s first lunar mission, the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), aims to launch in mid-2022 via the Space-X Falcon-9 launch vehicle. For the successful flight operation of KPLO, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) has designed and developed the Flight Dynamics Subsystem (FDS). FDS is one of the subsystems in the KPLO Deep-Space Ground System (KDGS), which is responsible for the overall flight dynamics-related operation. FDS is currently successfully implemented and meets all of the requirements derived from the critical design phases. The current work addresses the design and implementation results for the KPLO FDS. Starting from overviews on KPLO payloads, bus systems, and mission trajectory characteristics, a review on KDGS is also treated briefly. Details on the design philosophy, unique characteristics, and functionalities of all six different modules nested inside the FDS with its Graphical User Interface (GUI) design are discussed. Moreover, efforts currently devoted to the flight operation preparation of the KPLO are summarized, including many collaborative works between KARI and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) teams.

Effective highlighting modes of graphical user interfaces in visual information search

This study discusses the preferred highlighting mode for graphical user interface (GUI) design. The study investigated the effects of different highlighting modes on the search time and accuracy of the element on the screen. The experimental factors were the type of highlighting (color, bold, or color and bold), the target highlighting (highlighted or not highlighted), and the number of elements on GUI (few or many). The participants had to search for a predetermined target on the screen. The evaluation measures were the reaction time and percentage correctly identified. The statistical analysis result shows that bold highlighting had the shortest search time, and color highlighting had the worst accuracy. Under the conditions of this experiment, bold highlighting should contribute to the design of the screen for an easier search of information in terms of both search speed and accuracy.

Architecture Design of Agriculture Marketing Mobile Apps During Pandemic Era

The increasing positive cases of Covid-19 have quite significant impact on the Indonesia economy especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s). The Indonesian government is preparing a way to live side by side with the COVID-19 outbreak through less contact activity (LCA). Regarding the thematic efforts for economic recovery after the implementation of the new normal protocol, the adaptation process in people’s economic activities known as the Less Contact Economy (LCE) which can be interpreted as economic activity without contact, but by using digital communication equipment. This model of economic activity, which is strongly influenced by current technological trends, will certainly be the future of the world economy, as part of the 4.0 industrial revolution. For example: mobile apps based on e-commerce. Based on design thinking process, this paper proposes a practical interface design for mobile apps design. In this research, the researcher designing Graphical User Interface (GUI) for mobile apps based on e-commerce “Tuku Sayur” to marketing and distribute agriculture products during pandemic. GUI is one of the most important issues in development of mobile apps. The major problem in the interface design mostly caused by unique feature of mobile device. This is quite challenging for designer how to present clear user interface on a limited screen without overload. The Semantic Differential method was used to understand the impression captured by respondents on the GUI design of Tuku Sayur application. This research is very important to help farmers to marketing and distributing agriculture products through mobile apps. Hopefully, this research can be used as a reference to published mobile apps to support less contact economy in order to makes the economy relatively productive during the pandemic.

Grid-based Genetic Operators for Graphical Layout Generation

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) have gained primacy among the means of interacting with computing systems, thanks to the way they leverage human perceptual and motor capabilities. However, the design of GUIs has mostly been a manual activity. To design a GUI, the designer must select its visual, spatial, textual, and interaction properties such that the combination strikes a balance among the relevant human factors. While emerging computational-design techniques have addressed some problems related to grid layouts, no general approach has been proposed that can also produce good and complete results covering color-related decisions and other nonlinear design objectives. Evolutionary algorithms are promising and demonstrate good handling of similar problems in other conditions, genetic operators, depending on how they are designed. But even these approaches struggle with elements' overlap and hence produce too many infeasible candidate solutions. This paper presents a new approach based on grid-based genetic operators demonstrated in a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) setting. The operators use grid lines for element positions in a novel manner to satisfy overlap-related constraints and intrinsically improve the alignment of elements. This approach can be used for crossovers and mutations. Its core benefit is that all the solutions generated satisfy the no-overlap requirement and represent well-formed layouts. The new operators permit using genetic algorithms for increasingly realistic task instances, responding to more design objectives than could be considered before. Specifically, we address grid quality, alignment, selection time, clutter minimization, saliency control, color harmony, and grouping of elements.

UiLab, a Workbench for Conducting and Reproducing Experiments in GUI Visual Design

With the continuously increasing number and variety of devices, the study of visual design of their Graphical User Interfaces grows in importance and scope, particularly for new devices, including smartphones, tablets, and large screens. Conducting a visual design experiment typically requires defining and building a GUI dataset with different resolutions for different devices, computing visual design measures for the various configurations, and analyzing their results. This workflow is very time- and resource-consuming, therefore limiting its reproducibility. To address this problem, we present UiLab, a cloud-based workbench that parameterizes the settings for conducting an experiment on visual design of Graphical User Interfaces, for facilitating the design of such experiments by automating some workflow stages, and for fostering their reproduction by automating their deployment. Based on requirements elicited for UiLab, we define its conceptual model to delineate the borders of services of the software architecture to support the new workflow. We exemplify it by demonstrating a system walkthrough and we assess its impact on experiment reproducibility in terms of design and development time saved with respect to a classical workflow. Finally, we discuss potential benefits brought by this workbench with respect to reproducing experiments in GUI visual design and existing shortcomings to initiate future avenues. We publicly release UiLab source code on a GitHub repository.

Combining a Universal OBD-II Module with Deep Learning to Develop an Eco-Driving Analysis System

Vehicle technology development drives economic development but also causes severe mobile pollution sources. Eco-driving is an effective driving strategy for solving air pollution and achieving driving safety. The on-board diagnostics II (OBD-II) module is a common monitoring tool used to acquire sensing data from in-vehicle electronic control units. However, different vehicle models use different controller area network (CAN) standards, resulting in communication difficulties; however, relevant literature has not discussed compatibility problems. The present study researched and developed the universal OBD-II module, adopted deep learning methods to evaluate fuel consumption, and proposed an intuitive driving graphic user interface design. In addition to using the universal module to obtain data on different CAN standards, this study used deep learning methods to analyze the fuel consumption of three vehicles of different brands on various road conditions. The accuracy was over 96%, thus validating the practicability of the developed system. This system will greatly benefit future applications that employ OBD-II to collect various types of driving data from different car models. For example, it can be implemented for achieving eco-driving in bus driver training. The developed system outperforms those proposed by previous research regarding its completeness and universality.

A Client-Server and Web-Based Graphical User Interface Design for the Mathematical Model of Cardiovascular-Respiratory System

The prediction of cardiac conditions can be done through comparison and analysis of parameters transformed into mathematical model equations. This paper aims to present the design of a web-based graphical user interface of mathematical model of cardiovascular-respiratory system (ICRSMM) as an appropriate displaying tool. The designed system offers an easy way of recording and storing parameters in a database. Those parameters are computerized to generate automatic results in a graphic representation, which is an effective way used in medicine to allow physicians, nurses, and other experienced health personnel to analyze and discuss results. The designed solution provides an adequate and friendly environment that eases the task of recording the results in a graphic representation. This gives a clear picture of analysis to determine a healthy or unhealthy cardiovascular-respiratory system of a person exercising. However, such a complex design solution comes in to put an accent of consideration to an area of research that still needs more discoveries and exploration.

Stakeholder Perspectives to Support Graphical User Interface Design for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study.

The development of digital supports for people with autism has increased considerably in recent years. Technology designers and developers have interpreted the needs and learning styles of people with autism in different ways. As a result, there are generic, non-specific or heterogeneous guidelines for the design and development of technology for people with autism. This study aims to identify and describe the recommended elements to support graphical user interface design for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), considering the stakeholders’ perspective, engaged in a computer application development. A qualitative, longitudinal, multicentre study was carried out. A sample of 39 participants belonging to four groups of stakeholders participated: children with autism, family members, professionals with experience in the intervention with children with autism, and professionals with expertise in the design and development of assistive technology. The techniques used to formalise the collection of information from participants were semi-structured interviews and observation. MAXQDA 2020 software (Verbi Software, Berlin, Germany) was used to analyse the data. The result is a guide with suggestions to support an interface design that emerges from the stakeholder perspectives. This study provides useful information to offer alternatives for children with ASD and facilitate the understanding of daily life.

Design and Construction of Zana Robot for Modeling Human Player in Rock-paper-scissors Game using Multilayer Perceptron, Radial basis Functions and Markov Algorithms

In this paper, the implementation of artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron [MLP] and radial base functions [RBF]) and the upgraded Markov chain model have been studied and performed to identify the human behavior patterns during rock, paper, and scissors game. The main motivation of this research is the design and construction of an intelligent robot with the ability to defeat a human opponent. MATLAB software has been used to implement intelligent algorithms. After implementing the algorithms, their effectiveness in detecting human behavior pattern has been investigated. To ensure the ideal performance of the implemented model, each player played with the desired algorithms in three different stages. The results showed that the percentage of winning computer with MLP and RBF neural networks and upgraded Markov model, on average in men and women is 59%, 76.66%, and 75%, respectively. Obtained results clearly indicate a very good performance of the RBF neural network and the upgraded Markov model in the mental modeling of the human opponent in the game of rock, paper, and scissors. In the end, the designed game has been employed in both hardware and software which include the Zana intelligent robot and a digital version with a graphical user interface design on the stand. To the best knowledge of the authors, the precision of novel presented method for determining human behavior patterns was the highest precision among all of the previous studies.

Information management and monitoring system for a grapes harvesting robot

In recent years, there has been an increasing integration of high technology in the execution of agricultural tasks towards improving the quality of the produced products, while reducing production costs. In this context, there is a special interest in the development of automatic agricultural robots (Agrobots) with advanced techniques of collecting, processing data, decision making and applying actions. A key element of the successful integration of such autonomous robots is the information management and monitoring system (IM2S) that accompanies it. This work presents the IM2S developed for an autonomous grapes harvesting robot, as part of a national project. Details regarding the system’s design are presented, covering system requirements, functional specifications, Graphical User Interface (GUI) design, database design and system-robot communication. Along with the presentation of the IM2S design, the special functional and technological requirements that must be met, are also discussed. Thus, the system could be a useful tool for the human operator. Moreover, the designed system can be easily adapted to collaborate with any robot meeting specific communication requirements. This makes the proposed IM2S a universal tool for any grape harvesting Agrobot already deploy or will be developed in the future.

A family of experiments to generate graphical user interfaces from BPMN models with stereotypes

Context: A significant gap separates Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) models representing processes from the design of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). Objective:This paper reports on a family of experiments to validate a method to automatically generate GUIs from BPMN models using stereotypes complemented with UML class primitives, and transformation rules. Method:We conducted two replications (23 and 31 subjects respectively) in which we compared two methods to generate GUIs from BPMN models; one automatic (using Stereotyped BPMN models) and one manual (using Non-stereotyped BPMN models). The study focuses on comparing effort, accuracy, and satisfaction (in terms of perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and intention to use (ITU)). Results:Results yield significant differences for Effort, Accuracy, and ITU. Effort is lower for the Non-stereotyped method, while accuracy and ITU are higher for the Stereotyped one. If we consider only experimental units whose BPMN models show an accuracy over 75% compared to those of the experimenters’ solution, the difference in accuracy for the designed GUIs is even more significant; in contrast, differences for effort and ITU are reduced. Conclusions:The use of the Stereotyped method reduces the possibility of errors in the process of designing GUIs.

High-Throughput Phenotyping of Morphological Seed and Fruit Characteristics Using X-Ray Computed Tomography.

Traditional seed and fruit phenotyping are mainly accomplished by manual measurement or extraction of morphological properties from two-dimensional images. These methods are not only in low-throughput but also unable to collect their three-dimensional (3D) characteristics and internal morphology. X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning, which provides a convenient means of non-destructively recording the external and internal 3D structures of seeds and fruits, offers a potential to overcome these limitations. However, the current CT equipment cannot be adopted to scan seeds and fruits with high throughput. And there is no specialized software for automatic extraction of phenotypes from CT images. Here, we introduced a high-throughput image acquisition approach by mounting a specially designed seed-fruit container onto the scanning bed. The corresponding 3D image analysis software, 3DPheno-Seed&Fruit, was created for automatic segmentation and rapid quantification of eight morphological phenotypes of internal and external compartments of seeds and fruits. 3DPheno-Seed&Fruit is a graphical user interface design and user-friendly software with an excellent phenotype result visualization function. We described the software in detail and benchmarked it based upon CT image analyses in seeds of soybean, wheat, peanut, pine nut, pistachio nut and dwarf Russian almond fruit. R2 values between the extracted and manual measurements of seed length, width, thickness, and radius ranged from 0.80 to 0.96 for soybean and wheat. High correlations were found between the 2D (length, width, thickness, and radius) and 3D (volume and surface area) phenotypes for soybean. Overall, our methods provide robust and novel tools for phenotyping the morphological seed and fruit traits of various plant species, which could benefit crop breeding and functional genomics.

Design and implementation of graphical interface of vehicle display and control system based on SylixOS

To satisfy the design requirements of the current vehicle display and control system, and in consideration of the independent controllable requirements of the current software and hardware platforms, this paper proposed a set of nationalized solution. The Loongson 2K1000 was selected as the main control chip, and the interface design and development of vehicle display control system was completed based on the SylixOS autonomous real-time operating system. This paper elaborated on the development process of the open source graphics library Qt, and proposed solutions to the screen flicker problem encountered during the development process.

Advances of cardiac state-inducing prototype and design of GUI to anatomize cardiac signal for ascertaining psychological working competence

Cardiac dynamism changes with the various intellectual activities which affect the brain's performance indirectly. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal displays the variation of cardiac dynamism that has been analyzed in this work to extract the psychological competence of the young students. A cardiac state-inducing prototype and MATLAB based graphical-user interface (GUI) have been developed, implemented, and vindicated for cardiac data acquisition and processing respectively. Comprehensive investigations on linear, non-linear, statistical, and time-frequency analysis of cardiac signal as well as on their parameters have been carried out in order to ascertain the psychological competence of the students. Continuity of contours defining the location of R-waves in scalogram plot, appearances of sharp peaks at brainstorming state in three-dimensional spectrogram plot, and the dominance of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity for balancing autonomic nervous system (ANS) in parameters like standard deviation of NN intervals, stress index, power, and index of centralization are the key factors have been anatomized for a final appraisal. The trustworthiness of the ascertaining approach has been validated by further analysis of the GUI's report and the evaluated individuals' scores in the mathematical test