Graphic Files Research Articles

Dynamic viscosity study of barley malt and chicory concentrates

The purpose of research is to find optimal conditions for dispersing and subsequent dehydration of liquid food environments in the nozzle spray drying chamber through the study of dynamic changes in viscosity according to temperature, velocities gradients and dry residue content. The objects of study were roasted chicory and malt barley concentrates with dry residue content of 20, 40, 60 and 80%. Research of dynamic viscosity were carried out at the measuring complex based on the rotational viscometer Rheotest II, analog-to-digital converter, module Laurent and a personal computer with a unique software that allows to record in real time (not only on a tape recorder, but also in the form of graphic files) the behavior of the viscosity characteristics of concentrates. Registration of changes of dynamic viscosity was carried out at a shear rate gradient from 1,0 с -1 to 27,0 с -1 and the products temperature thermostating : 35, 55, 75˚ C. The research results are presented in the form of graphic dependences of effective viscosity on shear rate and flow curves (dependencies of shear stresses on the velocity gradient), which defined flow regimes, the optimal modes of dispersion concentrates into spray dryer chambers in obtaining of powdered semi-finished products and instanting were found: dry residue content - 40 %, concentrate temperature - 75 ˚C, velocity gradient in the air channel of the nozzle at least 20 c-1

Preprocessing of Digitalized Engineering Drawings

<p>The concept of digital manufacturing assumes an application of digital technologies in the whole product life cycle. CAD product model replaced engineering drawing in digital manufacturing. In contemporary practice the engineering paper-based drawings are still archived. They could be digitalized and stored to one of the raster graphics format. After that they could be vectorized for interactive editing in the specific software system or for archiving in some of standard vector graphics file format. The vector format is suitable for 3D model generating too. The article deals with using of methods for preprocessing phase of digitalized engineering drawings vectorization process.</p>

Method for Estimating the Manual Nesting Process Efficiency for Profiling Machines, Based upon Image Processing Techniques

The paper presents a method for estimating the efficiency of the manual nesting process. By using the graphic file generated during the nesting process and using image processing techniques, the method allows the user to calculate the percentage of material used for manufacturing the parts. The method combines a manual approach - the user has to select some specific points on the graphic file with the mouse, with some image processing algorithms form Matlab software package.

CAE-Based application for identification and verification of hyperelastic parameters

The main objective of this study is to develop a CAE-based application with a convenient GUI for identification and verification of material parameters for hyperelastic models available in the current release of the FE code ANSYS Mechanical APDL. This Windows application implements a two-step procedure: (1) fitting of experimental stress–strain curves provided by the user; (2) verification of the obtained material parameters by the solution of a modified benchmark problem. The application, which was developed using the Visual Basic.NET language, implements a two-way interaction with ANSYS as a single loop using the APDL script as input and text, graphical and video files as output. With this application, nine isotropic incompressible hyperelastic material models are compared by fitting them to the conventional Treloar’s experimental dataset (1944) for vulcanised rubber. A ranking of hyperelastic models is constructed according to model efficiency, which is estimated using fitting quality criteria. The model ranking is done based upon the complexity of their mathematical formulation and their ability to accurately reproduce the test data. Recent hyperelastic models (Extended Tube and Response Function) are found to be more efficient compared to conventional ones. The verification is done by the comparison of an analytical solution to an FEA result for the benchmark problem of a rubber cylinder under compression proposed by Lindley (1967). In the application, the classical formulation of the benchmark is improved mathematically to become valid for larger deformations. The wide applicability of the proposed two-step approach is confirmed using stress–strains curves for seven different formulations of natural rubber and seven different grades of synthetic rubber.

A local polycategorical approach to areal interpolation

Areal interpolation is a technique used to transfer attribute information from source zones with known values to target zones with unknown values. This paper presents and describes a new polycategorical method that integrates positive aspects of both geographically weighted regression (GWR)-based and quantile regression (QR)-based interpolators for solving areal interpolation problems. Two different types of neighborhoods for selecting observations used to estimate ancillary control densities are presented: one that is spatially based and one that is statistically based. The new polycategorical methods are evaluated against a number of existing methods – areal weighting, pycnophylactic, binary dasymetric, intelligent dasymetric mapping, and GWR using test data from the 2010 census population, the National Land Cover Database 2006 (NLCD2006) and the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Reference (TIGER) line graph files. The evaluations include several overall error measurement indices as well as maps of the spatial distribution of the error associated with selected methods. Results suggest that with appropriate land cover categories and neighborhoods, the new polycategorical methods provide comparable results to local regression models but with much less computation complexity.

The metadata maturity model

Metadata matter. Metadata creation is a strategic imperative for any organisation looking to manage and exploit its knowledge more effectively. The effective implementation of any content-related strategy — inclusive of data, digital assets or text — should address overall management by implementing metadata with technology, people and processes in mind. A well-planned metadata schema can provide foundational value, providing the conceptual architecture needed to make content more discoverable, accessible and ultimately more valuable. Metadata turn video, audio or graphic files into ‘smart content’ that is available to reuse, re-purpose or simply inspire. Applying the metadata maturity model to digital initiatives will provide an agnostic framework through which to understand current use and priorities for discovery, accessibility and preservation of content for the future. The five maturity levels are benchmarks that provide an opportunity to discuss metadata development and improvement. The metadata maturity model provides a common framework through which organisations can understand the use and management of their content’s metadata. Applying the model to content management initiatives allows for strategic understanding of current use and priorities for discovery, accessibility and preservation of content.

DisChart: a new application for building and drawing discrimination diagrams using digitize method

DisChart was developed to draw discrimination diagrams (e.g., tectonic discrimination diagrams, rock classification diagrams or phase diagrams) that are used in many disciplines, especially in the geosciences and environmental sciences. Unlike other software programs that include drawing discrimination diagrams, with DisChart, it is not necessary to know the exact coordinate values of discrimination lines. By the help of this program, the sketch graphic file is digitized and all data is stored in a binary file. After digitizing, the x and y values of the points added to the program via the data-entry screen are plotted on the digitized diagram. The program has its own data-entry screen and is also compatible with MS Excel files. DisChart is free and was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic .NET programming language. Although DisChart is designed for geoscientists, it can also be used in environmental sciences, chemistry, physics, mathematics, geography, engineering, economics, etc.

Interactive projection images generation for swept-based 3D display

Unifying different types of graphics file formats is one basic requirement for widespread adoption of volumetric 3D displays. In this paper a 3D data visualization and processing framework is presented which is capable of interfacing with legacy 3D software packages and providing compatibility to a wide range of true 3D display applications. Exploiting OpenGL technologies and the performance of graphics processing units, the proposal allows the user to visualize true 3D volume from different types of graphic file formats. The method can process constructed 3D models of different formats and decompose the models into a series of image slices with different thickness, angle of rotations and rotating axis in real-time to meet the projection requirements of the swept-volume display. Boolean operations and local view redrawing methods are employed to review the shape of the interior parts of the 3D objects, which can provide users with a better understanding of the complexity and spatial relationship inside the objects. The user can browse and interact with volumetric images in an intuitive manner. Approaches are also proposed to export the image slices that can be projected onto the rotating flat screen in sequence to appear in the volumetric 3D display. Two different kinds of image files are generated, and the results show that a vector image has better quality than a bitmap image in terms of file size and time-consumption. Finally, by developing a simulation platform, the procedure of forming geometric slices into a 3D spatial image can be realized to simulate the presentation effect of a volumetric 3D display.

Protocol Development for Indoor Navigation using Bluetooth Device

Background: GPS based location measurement is not precise for indoor environment because satellite signals are getting attenuated and scattered by roof and wall. This can be achieved by a Bluetooth protocol developed for indoor navigation. Methods: In this paper an indoor navigation system using Bluetooth is proposed. Two Bluetooth devices used as positioning devices measure the Received Signal Strength (RSSI) of surrounding Bluetooth devices. Both the devices measure Received Signal Strength (RSSI) of a selected user device. These RSSI values are given to a raspberry Pi development board which acts as a processing unit in this system. In processing unit further processing is done by grid following method. There are three grids and nine points (spacing 1 m each) of grid following method finalized by performing repeated number of experiment. Findings: Raspberry Pi gives the location of surrounding device by comparing RSSI value obtained from grid following method during training phase and real time RSSI values obtained from two Bluetooth devices. This location is further plotted using GNUPLOT in raspberry Pi terminal and sent it to the user’s smartphone. This graph file is transferred on user’s smartphone by using USB Bluetooth dongle in a format of image.

Bioanalytical laboratory automation development: why should we and how could we collaborate?

Bioanalytical laboratory automation development: why should we and how could we collaborate?

SymbioGenomesDB: a database for the integration and access to knowledge on host-symbiont relationships.

Symbiotic relationships occur naturally throughout the tree of life, either in a commensal, mutualistic or pathogenic manner. The genomes of multiple organisms involved in symbiosis are rapidly being sequenced and becoming available, especially those from the microbial world. Currently, there are numerous databases that offer information on specific organisms or models, but none offer a global understanding on relationships between organisms, their interactions and capabilities within their niche, as well as their role as part of a system, in this case, their role in symbiosis. We have developed the SymbioGenomesDB as a community database resource for laboratories which intend to investigate and use information on the genetics and the genomics of organisms involved in these relationships. The ultimate goal of SymbioGenomesDB is to host and support the growing and vast symbiotic–host relationship information, to uncover the genetic basis of such associations. SymbioGenomesDB maintains a comprehensive organization of information on genomes of symbionts from diverse hosts throughout the Tree of Life, including their sequences, their metadata and their genomic features. This catalog of relationships was generated using computational tools, custom R scripts and manual integration of data available in public literature. As a highly curated and comprehensive systems database, SymbioGenomesDB provides web access to all the information of symbiotic organisms, their features and links to the central database NCBI. Three different tools can be found within the database to explore symbiosis-related organisms, their genes and their genomes. Also, we offer an orthology search for one or multiple genes in one or multiple organisms within symbiotic relationships, and every table, graph and output file is downloadable and easy to parse for further analysis. The robust SymbioGenomesDB will be constantly updated to cope with all the data being generated and included in major databases, in order to serve as an important, useful and timesaving tool.Database URL: http://symbiogenomesdb.uv.es

Experimental Evaluation of Integral Transformations for Engineering Drawings Vectorization

Abstract The concept of digital manufacturing supposes application of digital technologies in the whole product life cycle. Direct digital manufacturing includes such information technology processes, where products are directly manufactured from 3D CAD model. In digital manufacturing, engineering drawing is replaced by CAD product model. In the contemporary practice, lots of engineering paper-based drawings are still archived. They could be digitalized by scanner and stored to one of the raster graphics format and after that vectorized for interactive editing in the specific software system for technical drawing or for archiving in some of the standard vector graphics file format. The vector format is suitable for 3D model generating, too.The article deals with using of selected integral transformations (Fourier, Hough) in the phase of digitalized raster engineering drawings vectorization.

Simple and Efficient Method for Region of Interest Value Extraction from Picture Archiving and Communication System Viewer with Optical Character Recognition Software and Macro Program

The objectives are: 1) to introduce a simple and efficient method for extracting region of interest (ROI) values from a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) viewer using optical character recognition (OCR) software and a macro program, and 2) to evaluate the accuracy of this method with a PACS workstation. This module was designed to extract the ROI values on the images of the PACS, and created as a development tool by using open-source OCR software and an open-source macro program. The principal processes are as follows: (1) capture a region of the ROI values as a graphic file for OCR, (2) recognize the text from the captured image by OCR software, (3) perform error-correction, (4) extract the values including area, average, standard deviation, max, and min values from the text, (5) reformat the values into temporary strings with tabs, and (6) paste the temporary strings into the spreadsheet. This principal process was repeated for the number of ROIs. The accuracy of this module was evaluated on 1040 recognitions from 280 randomly selected ROIs of the magnetic resonance images. The input times of ROIs were compared between conventional manual method and this extraction module-assisted input method. The module for extracting ROI values operated successfully using the OCR and macro programs. The values of the area, average, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum could be recognized and error-corrected with AutoHotkey-coded module. The average inputtimes using the conventional method and the proposed module-assisted method were 34.97 seconds and 7.87 seconds, respectively. A simple and efficient method for ROI value extraction was developed with open-source OCR and a macro program. Accurate inputs of various numbers from ROIs can be extracted with this module. The proposed module could be applied to the next generation of PACS or existing PACS that have not yet been upgraded.

Integrity Analysis of Multimedia File Transmission between Mobile Phones

Mobile forensics deals with evidence from mobile devices. Data recovered from the mobile devices are helpful in investigation to solve criminal cases. It is crucial to preserve the integrity of these data. According to research carried out [1], it has been noted that not all data extracted from mobile phones have discrepancies in hash values during integrity verification. It has been reported that only the Multimedia Messaging Service message type showed a variation in hash values when performing data extraction. The main objective in this work is to study the variance in the content of the graphic files transferred between mobile phones via Bluetooth or MMS. We also determine the causes of such variations, if any, while checking the graphics file integrity. Different parameters including distance and file format have been varied and a series of test were conducted using: mobile sets of same make same model, same make different model and different make different model on different graphic file formats of different sizes. Results obtained confirmed that there was no alteration of graphic files during Bluetooth transmission. However, while transmitting the graphic files through Multimedia Messaging Service, results showed notable alteration level for graphic files of certain file format and size.

Research on the NC Woodworking Curve Band Saw CAM

To achieve the processing program and simulation verification on NC Woodworking Curve Band Saw (WCBS) that facilitates the industrialization and practicality of the woodworking machinery, the articles proposes the CAM system modules by the analysis of its composition structure and working principle of the machine and the building-up of its kinematics model. The article also explains the basic functions for each module and develops the CAM systems of MJS1325 WCBS with the use of VC++ and OpenGL. Reading and analyzing the CAD work piece graphics files, the CAM systems is able to generate the NC program and realize the simulation of machining in whole visual process environment including saws, fixtures, belt saw and work piece, etc. The CAM systems pass the prototype test and see a favorable effect.

VISUAL PATTERN STRUCTURE INVESTIGATION BY CLUSTERING PACKAGE

The paper contains research results of graphic file format influence on image structure, quantitative changes in structuring coefficients of clustered images, influence of deformation changes caused by destruction processes on image quality. Clustering package for visual black-white and grey patterns was taken as the main instrument for investigation.

Development of AutoCAD Graphic Database Management System Based on Component Technology

In order to query and manage the graphic files efficiently, and improve the graphic management system in the enterprises, based on the research of dwg、dxf formats, using VC++6.0 language, the graphic title bar information database was created in the Access. With the ODBC interface connected to the graphic database, the preview and query of the graphic database were realized with ActiveX technology. By designing and programming good interactive interface, graphics could be modified and translated conveniently as well as updating the database etc. Simultaneously, by setting identification, the security management of the graphic database was realized. Ultimately, the delivery of enterprises was highly improved.

SVG Graphical Analysis Tool Online Regional Reactive Power Optimization System Development

Online region reactive power optimization is used to reduce power bus voltage operation over limit and reduce net loss for the economy to ensure that the power grid of great significance. SVG graphics file is a standard file format used by our dispatching operation, analysis file and basic information within the file corresponds to reactive power optimization system can guarantee the system reactive power optimization of interactive graphics capability and versatility. In this paper, we design and development of a SVG graphics file parsing tool that can automatically complete the import SVG, structural analysis, and text parsing; graphics and connectivity analysis to ensure the accuracy of the topology; the module contains a custom chart for human-computer interaction element, Element Properties and topological analysis and dynamic trend function, to meet human-computer interaction and reactive power optimization computing needs. This module has been applied to a region with reactive power optimization system, with good results.

Variant Association Tools for Quality Control and Analysis of Large-Scale Sequence and Genotyping Array Data

Currently there is great interest in detecting associations between complex traits and rare variants. In this report, we describe Variant Association Tools (VAT) and the VAT pipeline, which implements best practices for rare-variant association studies. Highlights of VAT include variant-site and call-level quality control (QC), summary statistics, phenotype- and genotype-based sample selection, variant annotation, selection of variants for association analysis, and a collection of rare-variant association methods for analyzing qualitative and quantitative traits. The association testing framework for VAT is regression based, which readily allows for flexible construction of association models with multiple covariates and weighting themes based on allele frequencies or predicted functionality. Additionally, pathway analyses, conditional analyses, and analyses of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions can be performed. VAT is capable of rapidly scanning through data by using multi-process computation, adaptive permutation, and simultaneously conducting association analysis via multiple methods. Results are available in text or graphic file formats and additionally can be output to relational databases for further annotation and filtering. An interface to R language also facilitates user implementation of novel association methods. The VAT's data QC and association-analysis pipeline can be applied to sequence, imputed, and genotyping array, e.g., "exome chip," data, providing a reliable and reproducible computational environment in which to analyze small- to large-scale studies with data from the latest genotyping and sequencing technologies. Application of the VAT pipeline is demonstrated through analysis of data from the 1000 Genomes project.

Improved-Resolution, Real-Time Skin-Dose Mapping for Interventional Fluoroscopic Procedures.

We have developed a dose-tracking system (DTS) that provides a real-time display of the skin-dose distribution on a 3D patient graphic during fluoroscopic procedures. Radiation dose to individual points on the skin is calculated using exposure and geometry parameters from the digital bus on a Toshiba C-arm unit. To accurately define the distribution of dose, it is necessary to use a high-resolution patient graphic consisting of a large number of elements. In the original DTS version, the patient graphics were obtained from a library of population body scans which consisted of larger-sized triangular elements resulting in poor congruence between the graphic points and the x-ray beam boundary. To improve the resolution without impacting real-time performance, the number of calculations must be reduced and so we created software-designed human models and modified the DTS to read the graphic as a list of vertices of the triangular elements such that common vertices of adjacent triangles are listed once. Dose is calculated for each vertex point once instead of the number of times that a given vertex appears in multiple triangles. By reformatting the graphic file, we were able to subdivide the triangular elements by a factor of 64 times with an increase in the file size of only 1.3 times. This allows a much greater number of smaller triangular elements and improves resolution of the patient graphic without compromising the real-time performance of the DTS and also gives a smoother graphic display for better visualization of the dose distribution.