Graphic Expression Research Articles

Pigment Unbound: Charles Olson's Unprincipled Knowing and Plastic Glyph

Abstract: Charles Olson defines the image as a poetic material that transforms into a poetic medium. Compared with other poets in the same lineage, Olson incorporates the knowing of the self more thoroughly into this transformation. This is especially manifest in his theory and composition of the glyph, which can be considered a special version of the image transforming the self into a graphic expression. This essay discusses his two glyphs, the E on the Stone and the black chrysanthemum, from the perspective of the Daoist wuzhi or unprincipled knowing. In the former, a perspective-full knowing achieves an innocent mapping between the mortal self and the immortal "you"/God. In the latter, a narrative knowing generates a co-writing of each other's propensities between the self as "you" and the words.

Graphical expression in engineering and project based learning: Designing a Cansat

Graphical expression in engineering and project based learning: Designing a Cansat

Impact of sex on immune-related adverse events in patients with melanoma.

e21548 Background: The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has predominantly conquered the modern scenario of the fight against cancer. Sex is a well acknowledged biological variable that affects immune responses to both self and foreign antigens. Indeed, recent meta-analyses of phase II and III trials of ICIs have focused on sex-related prognostic outcomes, reporting that both the overall and the progression-free survival are greater for males than females in melanoma, urothelial, and non-small-cell lung cancer. Conversely, very few studies have investigated the impact of sex on possible correlation with ICIs adverse events (AEs). Aim of this study is to identify female-male (F-M) differences in AEs developed in melanoma patients (pts) during anti-PD-1 treatment and to explore the related biological mechanism through a gene profiling analysis. Methods: Melanoma pts underwent anti-PD-1 delivery as adjuvant as well as first line treatment, who developed AEs from grade 2 onwards, according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0, have been involved in the study. Gene profiling analysis was performed using NanoString IO360 panel, RNA was extracted from whole blood. Female-male differences in AEs were tested by Fisher's exact test. Volcano plot was used for graphical gene expression of fold change. Results: A total population of 161 melanoma pts has been analysed. With a total of 73 female pts and 88 male pts, arthralgia and nausea resulted as significant statistically different between female and male (p-value = 0.03 and < 0.01 respectively), with female pts most affected. A specific gene signature in female who developed arthralgia has been identified and characterized by the following genes: BCL2, EGFR, WNT10A, CTSS, IFITM2, HLA-B. These genes are involved in intracellular pro-apoptotic pathways activation and innate and adaptive immune responses activation. It has been already acknowledged that females are able to mount stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than males, which results in faster clearance of pathogens and greater vaccine efficacy in females than in males, but also explains the greater incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in females. Conclusions: In this study, we found a significant statistically sex difference of arthralgia and nausea during anti- PD-1 treatment in melanoma pts. Arthralgia in female is associated with a peculiar gene signature, which needs further investigation. Greater consideration should be given for researches that address the biological (sex) as well as sociocultural (gender) causes of F-M discrepancies in cancer immunotherapy. International collaborations have to be hugely promoted to increase knowledge in this field.

Application Analysis of Graphic Design Elements in the Teaching of Environmental Art Specialty

This paper aims to analyze the application of graphic design elements in the teaching of environmental art major. Firstly, by reviewing the definition and development of graphic design, the basic concept and classification of graphic design elements are introduced. Then, combined with the characteristics of environmental art, the application of graphic design elements in different environments and scenes is discussed. It includes color application, composition principle, font selection and graphic expression. Finally, the importance of graphic design elements in the teaching of environmental art is summarized, and the prospect of further research is put forward.

The application of graphic language personalized emotion in graphic design

Emotion Recognition is the experience of attitude in graphic language expression and composition. People use both verbal and non-verbal behaviours to communicate their emotions. Visual communication and graphic design are always evolving to meet the demands of an increasingly affluent and culturally conscious populace. When graphic designing works, designers should consider their own opinions about related works from the audience's or customer's standpoint so that the emotion between them can resonate. Hence, this study proposes a personalized emotion recognition framework based on convolutional neural networks (PERF-CNN) to create visual content for graphic design. Graphic designers prioritize the logic of showing objects in interactive designs and use visual hierarchy and page layout approaches to respond to users' demands via typography and imagery. This ensures that the user experience is maximized. This research identifies three tiers of emotional thinking: expressive signal, emotional experience, and emotional infiltration, all of which affect graphic design. This article explores the subject of graphic design language and its ways of emotional recognition, as well as the relationship between graphic images, shapes, and feelings. CNN initially extracted expressive features from the user's face images and the poster's visual information. The clustering process categorizes the poster or advertisement images into positive, negative, and neutral classes. Research and applications of graphic design language benefit from the proposed method's experimental results, demonstrating that it outperforms conventional classification approaches in the dataset. In comparison to other popular models, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PERF-CNN model improves each of the following: classification accuracy (97.4 %), interaction ratio (95.6 %), emotion recognition ratio (98.9 %), rate of influence of pattern and colour features (94.4 %), and prediction error rate (6.5 %).

PERCEIVING YOURSELF IN HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCES WITH THE THERAPEUTIC PLAY: THE NURSE REPRESENTING HIMSELF THROUGH THE DRAWING-STORY

Introduction. Among the playful interventions recommended for the children’s care, the use of Therapeutic Play stands out in healthcare. Scientific evidence highlights benefits for children as an expression of their feelings, doubts, fears, desires and, consequently, greater tranquility, collaboration and learning in health procedures. There are also positive outcomes related to the reduction of pain, anxiety and negative attitudes. The use of this Brazilian technology is regulated by the Nursing Federal Council, integrating the role of the one who works in pediatric contexts. However, research indicates barriers to the systematic implementation of this practice by nurses in their daily care for children/adolescents. Goal. To understand how nurses represent themselves experiencing the use of Therapeutic Play in the care of children/adolescents supported by Drawing- Story. Methods. This is a qualitative study carried out considering Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory. Eleven nurses of both genders participated with experience in using/teaching Therapeutic Play. Data were collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews, they were recorded and finalized by Drawing-Story simultaneously with the analysis following the steps: initial coding, categorization, theoretical coding, apprehension of the Central Category, until reaching theoretical saturation, allowing the construction of the Theoric Model. Results. The analysis of the graphic messages in the drawings and verbalizations make it possible to understand that when promoting Therapeutic Play in childcare, nurses perceive themselves dynamically represented by virtuous adjectives that motive them to action such as: helping, conserving, understanding, repairing and welcoming. When you act like this, you are connecting yourself with positive feelings: good humor, joy, hope, perseverance, empathy, love, and gratitude with resilience. Conclusion. The Drawing-Story technique enriched data collection, as it enabled nurses to release their inner inclinations through graphic expression, revealing the essence of the playful nurse-person, constituted by ludic affection and humanism.

Exploring the utility of Geometric Morphometrics to analyse prehistoric hand stencils

Hand stencils are a remarkable graphic expression in Prehistoric rock art, dating back to 42 ka BP. Although these stencils provide direct impressions of the artists’ hands, the characterization of their biological profile (i.e., biological sex and age) is very challenging. Previous studies have attempted this analysis with traditional morphometrics (TM), whereas little research has been undertaken using Geometric Morphometrics (GM), a method widely used in other disciplines but only tentatively employed in rock art studies. However, the large variation in relative finger position in archaeological hands poses the question of whether these representations can be examined through GM, or, in contrast, if this creates an unmanageable error in the results. To address this issue, a 2D hand scans sample of 70 living individuals (F = 35; M = 35) has been collected in three standardized positions (n = 210) and digitized with 32 2D conventional landmarks. Results show that the intra-individual distance (mean Procrustes distance between Pos. 1–2 = 0.132; 2–3 = 0.191; 1–3 = 0.292) is larger than the inter-individual distance (mean in 1 = 0.122; 2 = 0.142; 3 = 0.165). Finally, it has been demonstrated that the relative finger positions, as well as the inclusion of all hand parts in the analysis, have an overshadowing effect on other variables potentially involved in the morphometric variability of the hand, such as biological sex.

Drawing the abdominal pain: A powerful tool to distinguish between organic and functional abdominal pain.

Abdominal pain (AP) in children imposes a large economic burden on the healthcare system. Currently, there are no reliable diagnostic tools to differentiate between organic and functional disorders. We hypothesized from previous research that the analysis of patients' graphic expression of subjective symptoms as well as their interactional behavior adds new ways to differentiate between functional and organic AP. Conversation analyses of physician-patient-encounters and graphical expression of AP-based pain were performed. Twenty-twointeractions were recorded and analyzed. Fifteenchildren were diagnosed with organic AP and seven with functional AP. We found marked differences between children with organic and functional AP. For example, all 15 children with organic AP saw the task of drawing a picture of the pain during the interview as a duty, whereas the seven children with functional AP took this as an opportunity to provide detailed descriptions about the nature of the pain, the circumstances, and how the AP impaired their quality of life. Analysis of patients' interaction strategies in response to the painting task provides relevant clues as to whether AP is functional or requires further workup for organic causes.

Bot-DM: A dual-modal botnet detection method based on the combination of implicit semantic expression and graphical expression

A botnet is a group of hijacked devices that conduct various cyberattacks, which is one of the most dangerous threats on the internet. Individuals or organizations can effectively detect botnets by analyzing abnormal behaviors in network traffic. Existing works focus on extracting the deterministic behavioral features, which highly rely on statistical features and existing botnet interaction structures, resulting in unsatisfactory detection accuracy, especially for unknown botnet traffic. The botnet detection method based on the original traffic bytes has more advantages in this regard, especially the use of mining payload information in the traffic to enhance the identification of abnormal botnet behavior is the focus of this study. In this paper, we propose a dual-mode botnet detection scheme, which takes the original traffic bytes as the object, one is to encode the implicit semantic relationship between the traffic bytes through a multi-layer Transformer encoder, and the other is the network traffic Image representation, the spatial relationship of traffic bytes is captured by a deep neural network, and then botnet detection is achieved by maximizing the mutual information between the two. We conduct comprehensive experiments with both known botnets and unknown botnets to evaluate our scheme. Experimental results show that for known botnets, our approach achieves 99.84% and 91.92% detection accuracy with CTU-13 and ISCX-2014 datasets, respectively, which is 3.04% and 2.54% more accurate compared with the state-of-art (DL). For unknown datasets, our scheme is 10.19% more accurate than the existing traffic representation.

Geometric and radiometric recording of prehistoric graphic expression: the case of Peña Tu (Asturias, Spain)

In the studies on Prehistoric Graphic Expression, there are recurrent discussions about the tracings generated by different observers of the same motif. Methodological issues concerning the role of archaeological imaging are often implied within those debates. Do the tracings belong to the observational data exposition chapter, or are they part of the interpretative conclusions? How can the current technological scenario help solve these problems? In 2017, we conducted new documentation of the Peña Tu rock shelter, a well-known site with an intriguing post-palaeolithic graphic collection documented on several occasions throughout the twentieth century. Our objective was to provide quantifiable and, if possible, objective documentation of the painted and engraved remnants on the shelter’s surface. To achieve this, we employed two data capture strategies. One strategy focused on analysing the vestiges of paintings using a hyperspectral sensor, while the other centred on the geometric definition of engravings and the rock support, utilising photogrammetric techniques and laser scanning. These approaches presented various parallax challenges. Despite these challenges, our results were highly satisfactory. We resolved uncertainties regarding the formal features of specific designs that had been subject to debate for a long time. Additionally, we discovered previously unpublished areas with traces of paintings. Lastly, we developed a map highlighting recent alterations and deteriorations, providing a valuable tool for assessing the site’s preservation status. In conclusion, by employing advanced technology and comprehensive documentation methods, we significantly contributed to understanding and preserving the prehistoric graphic expressions at the Peña Tu rock shelter.

‘This is not a weapon’: Rethinking children's worlding practices with Karin Murris

This article draws on the concept of the posthuman child presented by Murris in her book The Posthuman Child, where the child is not understood as an object of study (‘i’ and ‘I’), nor as a subject (‘ii’ and ‘I’), but as a phenomenon (‘iii’). ‘iii’ constructs reality from intra-action with all the human and more-than-human surrounding elements. This research seeks to overcome the adult/child, nature/culture, or body/mind binaries. As opposed to the adult need (‘I’) in which the construction of meanings has a representational character, ‘iii’ carries out a non-representational worlding. In order to carry out our analysis, we conducted three diffractive readings of an event that took place in an Early Childhood Education school with 4- and 5-year-old children, thinking with Murris’ ‘i’, ‘ii’, and ‘iii’. This event facilitated the inclusion of all the agents involved, human (children and adults) and more-than-human (space, environment, materials, etc.). In our analysis, we seek to overcome the epistemic injustice pointed out by Murris. Our article highlights the need on the part of the adult (‘I’) to understand the child's graphic expression not as a representational end product, but as a product resulting from learning (a drawing), arising from intensities and concretised in a material-discursive practice carried out by the child as a phenomenon (‘iii’). This leads us to rethink the learning spaces at school with a need to generate decolonised spaces in which children's freedom to create worlds prevails, generating new knowledge from/in/through intra-actions with other more-than-human agents.

En los ríos, bajo la sombra de los árboles y al cobijo del quepis: representaciones gráficas del aseo y del descanso militar durante la Intervención Francesa en México

This article examines some representations of military cleanliness and rest during the French Intervention in Mexico, based on the iconographic and icono-textual analysis of images and reports published in three of the most widely circulated French prints of the time: the illustrated weeklies “L'Illustration Journal Universel” and “Le Monde Illustré”, and the satirical newspaper “Le Charivari”. The two engravings and lithograph were compared with letters, memoirs, manuals, and journalistic pieces by Mexican and French authors in order to observe the graphic expression of the concepts of hygiene and privacy that began to take root socially in both countries from the second half of the 19th century. It is proposed that, despite protocolization, combatants on both sides had to adapt to the harsh conditions of war to recover from it amidst snoring, heat, the anxiety of enemy threat, and dreams of conquest.

The Influence of Personality Structure on the Level of Professional Burnout

The influence of the level of professional (emotional) burnout on the quality of work of educational psychologists of municipal educational organizations has determined the relevance of this article, which analyzes the dependence of the personality structure presented in Transactional Analysis as the combination of three ego states (Parent, Child and Adult) on the coefficient of professional burnout. This coefficient is interpreted as an integral indicator of three factors: psycho-emotional exhaustion, depersonalization/dehumanization and reduction of professional achievements. Identification of the personality structure of the study participants, calculation of the coefficient of their professional (emotional) burnout, structuring the levels of severity of factors of professional (emotional) burnout, implemented as research objectives, created the possibility of achieving the research goal. The hypothesis was tested by means of mathematical statistics methods. The visibility and accessibility of conclusions about the correlations between the integral indicator of professional (emotional) burnout and the level of severity of ego states in the egogram are provided by their graphical and textual expression. The presented data on the absence of a critical level of professional (emotional) burnout of educational psychologists of municipal educational organizations and the presence of a correlation between the reduction of professional achievements and the Adult ego state substantiate the vector of further work to ensure conditions for maintaining the desired psycho-emotional state of specialists.

Abstraction as a Tool of Creative Thinking in Architectural Education: Basic Design Studio Outcomes

The basic design courses, which are usually in the first year of architectural education, also provide an environment where the student can think freely and design independently of some of the limitations. For this reason, basic design studios usually have content built upon the way architecture students try different thinking patterns and see different perspectives through interfaces established with different disciplines. This study presents the results of a basic design course in which abstraction is constructed as a creative thinking tool. Based on the fact that the design process is actually a new knowledge production, it uses students' design journeys and creative products as data. The design problem that forms the framework of the article is the abstraction of an art object and its transformation into an architectural space. This process consists of three stages: conversion of a selected classical painting into a two-dimensional graphic design by abstracting it, turning two-dimensional graphic into a three-dimensional space with various design actions and its graphic expression. Focusing on the design experience of ten students, the study discusses a design experiment in which abstraction is structured as a creative thinking tool for the production of space.

Sign-symbol Systems in Artistic Practices of Ukrainian Artists of the 1960-1970s, Based on the Example of the Monumental and Decorative Panels by Oleg Yerzhykivsky

The purpose of the research is to analyze the parallels between the monumental art of Ukrainian artists of the 1960s and 1970s and world graphic design. Research methods consist in the application of formal and stylistic analysis of works of art, as well as general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of new materials introduced into scientific circulation. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the stylistic performance of unstudied enough objects of monumental and decorative art was analyzed. Achievements in the creation of symbolic and design systems were compared. The main common conceptual approaches in creation, the similarity of thematic directions and stylistic approaches are identified, the differences of the visual language due to various performance techniques are diagnosed. The photos from a private family archive have been made public for the first time. Conclusions. Despite the general ideological engagement of the Soviet artistic environment in the 1960s and 1970s, there were works that were ahead of their time and used the material resources of the USSR-Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic to create works on universally important topics (culture, science, technology, history). Such are Oleg Yerzhykivsky’s panels for monumental structures created by him during his work in 1963-1969 at ZNDIEP (Kyiv Zonal Research Institute of Experimental Design of Residential and Public Buildings), which can be attributed to urban identity devoid of any propaganda communist color in the subject, but rather devoted to civilizational values. Using the achievements of the creation of sign and symbolic systems of previous historical periods, the master managed to create his own stylistic system, which exists outside of time and a specific state or social order. From a formative point of view, the analyzed panels gravitate towards the visual language of graphic design, predicting such genre sectors as identity, brand books, navigation systems for public spaces, mascots for brands, etc. The common features established by this study are: laconic image, condensation of graphic expression, development of a system of signs perceived at the level of conventional symbols, use of elementary modular grid for arrangement of visual elements and creation of patterns (prefabricated plate technology).

Application of Revit Software to Improve Spatial Intelligence in Architecture Students in a Private University – Huancayo

Objective: To determine the effect of the application of the Revit program in the improvement of spatial intelligence in Architecture students in a private university in Huancayo-Peru.
 
 Theoretical structure: Armstrong (2006) expressed that spatial intelligence refers specifically to the content of forming a mental model in the spatial world and to control, act using this pattern, in an aggregate of attitudes and skills that combine a subtle understanding in shapes, lines, color, dimensions and spaces and the relationship of elements, which in turn allows largely to visualize and graphically represent a spatial or visual idea, mostly involves the improvement of visual perception. As stated by Rossado (2017) students use manual graphic expression to convey ideas quickly, and in the future, they should be able to combine the use of technology and manual expression, in addition to allowing students to express their design project anytime and anywhere, this will give them fluid cooperation, communication, empathy, cooperation, respect, ethics, honesty and teamwork skills, all of which provide adaptability to any work situation.
 
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted through a quantitative approach, according to Hernandez et al. (2014) is quasi-experimental which will be composed of two groups, the control and experimental, which will receive the treatment or stimulus, it is of longitudinal cut will collect the results of the studies that are conducted by collecting data at a single time and with the execution of the post test allows us to measure the effect of the program on spatial intelligence.
 
 Conclusions: Differences of ranges of spatial intelligence have been observed between the control and experimental group; the value of Z was found below the critical value Zc= -1.96 where (-6.137<-1.96) and the p=0.000<0.05; with such result it can be affirmed that by using the Revit program a significant impact in the improvement of spatial intelligence is achieved, therefore the H0 is rejected and Ha is admitted.
 
 Originality/Value: The present study is a significant contribution because it postulates the results obtained through field work and whose statistical treatments allow understanding the importance of the development of special intelligence in university students of the professional career of architecture in the consolidation of technical skills and management of technological applications such as Revit.

‘The dance of drawing’ and the limits of digital assistance

By looking at ‘the dance of a drawing’, this paper questions the interest and limits of digital technologies in the world of drawing and, more broadly, the visual arts. Based on the system of Effort conceived by the movement theorist Rudolf Laban (1879–1956), the author proposes a new way of apprehending pictorial and graphic form, from its expressive movements. This approach leads the author to distinguish between two modes of graphic expression, the sensory and the rational, which are both opposed and complementary. By inviting the viewer to observe the dance of paintings by Van Gogh and Seurat on the one hand and children’s drawings on the other, the paper underlines how digital technology cannot completely replace traditional drawing techniques.

Between Written and Visual Communication: CIDOC CRM Ontology for Medieval and Early Modern European Graffiti

The development of graffiti studies during the last couple of decades highlighted the relevance and potential of graffiti as a complementary source for understanding different aspects of past societies. Moreover, the availability of digital documentation techniques crucially increased data production, showing the widespread presence of graffiti in Medieval and Early Modern contexts across Europe. However, the approach to historical graffiti has not been yet structured. Guidelines, specific analytical tools, and descriptors are still missing due to various reasons. First, graffiti are a multiform and multimodal graphic expression, so texts, signs, and images must be considered together despite their different communicative nature. Secondly, due to their variety in forms and contents, graffiti have been studied from many perspectives (e.g., epigraphy, palaeography, history, art history, maritime studies), following the specific interests of each scholar. Consequently, the numerous and extensive contributions concerning graffiti highlight the lack of shared standards and approaches, hindering data analysis and interoperability. The panorama emerging is fragmentary and unstructured. This article thus aims to offer a first step toward the development of a specific methodology for the analysis and study of Medieval and Early Modern European graffiti. Precisely, a specific ontology adopting CIDOC CRM for Medieval and Early Modern graffiti will be presented, as developed in a preliminary form within the DIGIGRAF project 1 with the support of the ARIADNEplus 2 network.

Whose borderline is it anyway? The frosted vortex – MY world, THEIR label

Created in response to the question ‘Whose borderline is it anyway’. The aim of the written word and associated graphical expression is to explore the experience of disassociation as someone who has been given the label of borderline personality disorder. More accurately, my experience of disassociation as a response to complex trauma triggers. Highlighting the compounding impact of the fear an individual experiences from a complex history of trauma and the fear of judgement associated with the diagnosis.

Educational Pathways, Spatial Skills, and Academic Achievement in Graphic Expression in First Year of Engineering

The subject of Graphic Expression, which is mandatory in the first year of engineering studies, showed poor academic results in recent years. This study analyzes the relationship and predictive capacity of various variables that previous research highlighted as relevant: prior academic preparedness, educational itinerary followed, mental rotation skills, videogame usage, as well as the gender and age of the students. A total of 161 first-year engineering students from a technical university in southern Europe participated in the study. Their spatial rotation skills were evaluated using the MRT-A, gathering information about the rest of the relevant variables and obtaining their academic results at the end of the course. The predictive capacity of the variables on academic performance was determined through linear regression techniques (grade in the subject, on a 0–10 scale) and logistic regression (pass/fail). All variables are significantly related to academic results in the expected direction, except for videogame usage and gender. No significant differences in spatial skills were found between genders, although differences were observed in videogame usage. The best predictors of performance are prior preparation and the educational itinerary followed. The results are discussed considering previous research, highlighting measures to improve results in Graphic Expression, with emphasis on training in spatial skills.