Graphical Complexity Research Articles

Organometallic complexes of carbon nanotori.

New organometallic complexes of carbon nanotori were designed and theoretically described by means of density functional theory. After a systematic structural search, it was found that energetically favorable complexes were formed by the metal atoms Cr and Ni, both located at the center of a nanotorus with diameter around 5Å and 120 carbon atoms. The nature of the metal-nanotorus interaction shows a partial polar-covalent character, different from those found in other well-known organometallic compounds. Interactions were studied through molecular orbitals and thermodynamic stability. Ten bonds are set up between the metal atom and nanotorus, confirmed by electron density topology analysis, showing ten bond critical points among the metal atoms and the surrounding carbon atoms. The response of the induced electron current caused by a magnetic field perpendicular to the nanotorus was analyzed to explain the electron delocalization and aromaticity of the complexes. Only in the case of the chromium complex, the electron density is fully delocalized on the whole complex. According to a geometry-based index of aromaticity, interaction with the metal atom only changes the aromatic character of the carbon rings slightly. Also, induced currents were used to elucidate the presence of a ferrotoroidal behavior. The isolated nanotorus and its compound with a single Ni atom have well-defined ferrotoroidal behavior because they present broken symmetries and could help to design a topological insulator. Meanwhile, the nanotorus with a Cr atom at the center lacks ferrotoroidal behavior as a consequence of the absence of magnetic vortices. Graphical abstract Organometallic complex of carbon nanotoruswith chromium and induced currents on it by applying an external magnetic field.

High-Performance Overlay Analysis of Massive Geographic Polygons That Considers Shape Complexity in a Cloud Environment

Overlay analysis is a common task in geographic computing that is widely used in geographic information systems, computer graphics, and computer science. With the breakthroughs in Earth observation technologies, particularly the emergence of high-resolution satellite remote-sensing technology, geographic data have demonstrated explosive growth. The overlay analysis of massive and complex geographic data has become a computationally intensive task. Distributed parallel processing in a cloud environment provides an efficient solution to this problem. The cloud computing paradigm represented by Spark has become the standard for massive data processing in the industry and academia due to its large-scale and low-latency characteristics. The cloud computing paradigm has attracted further attention for the purpose of solving the overlay analysis of massive data. These studies mainly focus on how to implement parallel overlay analysis in a cloud computing paradigm but pay less attention to the impact of spatial data graphics complexity on parallel computing efficiency, especially the data skew caused by the difference in the graphic complexity. Geographic polygons often have complex graphical structures, such as many vertices, composite structures including holes and islands. When the Spark paradigm is used to solve the overlay analysis of massive geographic polygons, its calculation efficiency is closely related to factors such as data organization and algorithm design. Considering the influence of the shape complexity of polygons on the performance of overlay analysis, we design and implement a parallel processing algorithm based on the Spark paradigm in this paper. Based on the analysis of the shape complexity of polygons, the overlay analysis speed is improved via reasonable data partition, distributed spatial index, a minimum boundary rectangular filter and other optimization processes, and the high speed and parallel efficiency are maintained.

Copyright authentication of digital vector maps based on spatial autocorrelation indices

Digital watermarking is increasingly being used in the copyright authentication of vector maps to prevent misuse and illegal distribution. However, it is difficult to avoid influences on watermarks when undergoing spacial projection transformations, vector data compression, and other common geographic information system (GIS) operations. In this paper, a highly robust copyright-authentication method is proposed for digital vector maps. First, we discuss the descriptive approaches to the geometric characterization of map elements by building the graphical complexity index. Next, using the Moran’s I Coefficient (MC), a type of spatial autocorrelation index (SAI), we effectively integrate the spatial topological information and the spatial geometric shape information into the meaningless zero-watermark, which is robust against common GIS operations. Finally, we generate a meaningful zero-watermark by using the exclusive OR (XOR) process to combine the meaningless zero watermark and useful copyright information, which not only embeds the copyright information but also effectively avoids authentication conflict. These results demonstrate that this method is robust to translation, scaling, compression, rotation and edit operations (robustness is 80%). The robustness suggests that this method can readily support business applications for copyright certification of digital vector maps.

Specifying the graphic characteristics of words that influence children’s handwriting

Research about the development of the graphomotor side of writing is very scarce. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of what constitutes graphic complexity of written material by determining the impact of graphic characteristics on handwriting production. In this end, the pen stroke of cursive handwriting was precisely described through an algorithm of detection of seven graphic characteristics: the number of angles, turn backs, curves in X and Y, pen-ups and modified links. Twenty typically developing children in grade 2 completed a single-word dictation task, composed of 48 items, on a digital writing tablet. All 48 words were regular words, highly frequent for second graders, and varied in terms of their graphic structure. Their handwriting production for each word was assessed in terms of both legibility and speed. A general linear mixed model was run to determine the impact of each graphic characteristic on handwriting performance. In agreement with our hypothesis, the results showed that words have different levels of graphic complexity. The following characteristics, in order of importance, significantly influenced negatively handwriting legibility: modified links, angles, curves, pen-ups and length. Regarding speed, the angles were the only characteristic that made children slow down while handwriting. These findings represent novelty in the field of research on writing. Unlike the usual approaches, it focused on investigating the graphic complexity at the word-level. It offers for the first time a universal classification of the graphic characteristics of words and it enables the quantification of the graphic complexity of words.

Quantitative structure -retention relationship modeling of selected antipsychotics and their impurities in green liquid chromatography using cyclodextrin mobile phases.

Applying green chromatography methods is currently one of the challenges in liquid chromatography. Among different strategies, using cyclodextrin (CD) mobile phase modifiers was applied in this paper. CDs can form inclusion complexes with a wide variety of hydrophobic organic compounds and, consequently, affect their retention behavior. CD-containing mobile phases possess complicated complexation and adsorption equilibria so retention is dependent not only on chromatographic parameters and properties of the compound but also on properties of compound-CD complex. Docking study was used to calculate association constants of the selected antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, and their impurities) and β-CD complexes and predict which part of the molecule structure will most likely incorporate into the β-CD cavity. Quantitative structure-retention relationship model (QSRR) for selected model substances was built employing artificial neural network (ANN) technique. Reliable QSRR model was obtained using molecular descriptors, complex association constants, and chromatographic factors. The multilayer perceptron network with 11-8-1 topology, trained with back propagation algorithm, showed the best performance. Root mean square error for training, validation, and test was 0.2954, 0.3633, and 0.4864, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) between experimentally obtained retention factor values [k(exp)] and values computed or predicted by ANN [k(ANN)] was 0.9962 for training, 0.9927 for validation, and 0.9829 for test, indicating good predictive ability of the model. The optimized network was used for development of green chromatography method for separation of risperidone and its related impurities, as well as olanzapine and its related impurities in a relatively short run time and with low consumption of organic modifier. The developed methods were validated in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) quideline and all parameters fulfilled the defined criteria. The greenness of the proposed methods has also been demonstrated. Graphical Abstract Complex association constants as inputs of QSRR model in β-cyclodextrin modified HPLC system and development of green chromatography methods.

Structured feedback on students\u2019 concept maps: the proverbial path to learning?

BackgroundGood conceptual knowledge is an essential requirement for health professions students, in that they are required to apply concepts learned in the classroom to a variety of different contexts. However, the use of traditional methods of assessment limits the educator’s ability to correct students’ conceptual knowledge prior to altering the educational context. Concept mapping (CM) is an educational tool for evaluating conceptual knowledge, but little is known about its use in facilitating the development of richer knowledge frameworks. In addition, structured feedback has the potential to develop good conceptual knowledge. The purpose of this study was to use Kinchin’s criteria to assess the impact of structured feedback on the graphical complexity of CM’s by observing the development of richer knowledge frameworks.MethodsFifty-eight physiotherapy students created CM’s targeting the integration of two knowledge domains within a case-based teaching paradigm. Each student received one round of structured feedback that addressed correction, reinforcement, forensic diagnosis, benchmarking, and longitudinal development on their CM’s prior to the final submission. The concept maps were categorized according to Kinchin’s criteria as either Spoke, Chain or Net representations, and then evaluated against defined traits of meaningful learning.ResultsThe inter-rater reliability of categorizing CM’s was good. Pre-feedback CM’s were predominantly Chain structures (57%), with Net structures appearing least often. There was a significant reduction of the basic Spoke- structured CMs (P = 0.002) and a significant increase of Net-structured maps (P < 0.001) at the final evaluation (post-feedback). Changes in structural complexity of CMs appeared to be indicative of broader knowledge frameworks as assessed against the meaningful learning traits.ConclusionsFeedback on CM’s seemed to have contributed towards improving conceptual knowledge and correcting naive conceptions of related knowledge. Educators in medical education could therefore consider using CM’s to target individual student development.

GraphCom: A multidimensional measure of graphic complexity applied to 131 written languages

We report a new multidimensional measure of visual complexity (GraphCom) that captures variability in the complexity of graphs within and across writing systems. We applied the measure to 131 written languages, allowing comparisons of complexity and providing a basis for empirical testing of GraphCom. The measure includes four dimensions whose value in capturing the different visual properties of graphs had been demonstrated in prior reading research-(1) perimetric complexity, sensitive to the ratio of a written form to its surrounding white space (Pelli, Burns, Farell, & Moore-Page, 2006); (2) number of disconnected components, sensitive to discontinuity (Gibson, 1969); (3) number of connected points, sensitive to continuity (Lanthier, Risko, Stolz, & Besner, 2009); and (4) number of simple features, sensitive to the strokes that compose graphs (Wu, Zhou, & Shu, 1999). In our analysis of the complexity of 21,550 graphs, we (a) determined the complexity variation across writing systems along each dimension, (b) examined the relationships among complexity patterns within and across writing systems, and (c) compared the dimensions in their abilities to differentiate the graphs from different writing systems, in order to predict human perceptual judgments (n = 180) of graphs with varying complexity. The results from the computational and experimental comparisons showed that GraphCom provides a measure of graphic complexity that exceeds previous measures in its empirical validation. The measure can be universally applied across writing systems, providing a research tool for studies of reading and writing.

Sensitivity of the human mirror neuron system for abstract traces of actions: An EEG-study

Theories of neuroaesthetics assume, that looking at traces of actions used in creating artwork (e.g. brush marks) is associated with a simulation of these actions in the observer’s sensorimotor-cortex. The aim of the current study is to dissociate the activation of the sensorimotor-cortex by the observation of action traces from associated visual processes.Twenty-eight participants observed handmade graphics (acrylic paint on paper) of different complexity (line, triangle, shape of a house) and computer-generated counterparts. Central mu-activity, as an index of sensorimotor-cortex activity, and occipital alpha-activity, as an index of visual cortex activity were recorded in the 8–13Hz EEG-band.In line with the hypothesis, mu-activity at electrode C4 is sensitive for the complexity of handmade (p=0.001), but not computer-generated graphics (p>0.500). In contrast, occipital alpha-activity is sensitive for the complexity of both handmade and computer-generated graphics (p<0.001). Furthermore, the more empathic the participants rated themselves, the stronger mu-suppression was induced by handmade graphics compared to computer-generated graphics (electrode C4; r=−0.612, p=0.001). These results support the involvement of the sensorimotor-cortex in the recognition of action traces and strengthen evidence that individuals scoring high in emotional empathy feature a particularly responsive mirror neuron system.

Force-field parameters for beryllium complexes in amorphous layers.

Unknown force-field parameters for metal organic beryllium complexes used in emitting and electron transporting layers of OLED structures are determined. These parameters can be used for the predictive atomistic simulations of the structure and properties of amorphous organic layers containing beryllium complexes. The parameters are found for the AMBER force field using a relaxed scan procedure and quantum-mechanical DFT calculations of potential energy curves for specific internal (angular) coordinates in a series of three Be complexes (Bebq2; Be(4-mpp)2; Bepp2). The obtained parameters are verified in calculations of some molecular and crystal structures available from either quantum-mechanical DFT calculations or experimental data. Graphical Abstract Beryllium complexes in amorphous layersᅟ.

Analytical Study of Environmental Graphic Impact on the Cultural and Social Context of Squares, Case Study: Squares of Imam Khomeini, the Revolution [Enghelab], Ferdowsi and Parliament [Baharestan] in Tehran

It can be stated that the environmental graphics in today's cities plays a vital role. The need for an environmental graphics with more complexity of cities graphics and population growth them has been increased. Today, around the world, environmental graphics in urban space and squares is in the scope of identity and culture of the society and citizen. Urban squares always are considered as one of the most remarkable spaces in order to create urban identity. The aim of this paper is to identify the use of environmental graphics in the squares of Tehran. The method used in this research is descriptive - analytical and the squares of Imam Khomeini, Revolution square [Enghelab], Ferdowsi and Parliament [Baharestan], due to the amount of traffic and daily congestion in these squares, being close to the main markets of Tehran and antiquity and reputation have been selected as the statistical population. According to visual and library and field studies, firstly the environmental graphic elements of squares were identified and then considering the codified principles in relation to their design, description and assessment of these elements and their impact have been considered. Finally, in line with the identifying of the environment, the association between these elements with symbols of identity has been referred. The results suggest the lack of use of environmental graphic principles in designing and application of elements in urban squares according to social and cultural context. Also, the lack of attention to these squares, in order to identifying them and converting these spaces to places that represent the culture, history, art and Iranian-Islamic identity of our land is obvious. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s2p148

An approach of performance comparisons with OpenMP and CUDA parallel programming on multicore systems

SummaryIn the past, the tenacious semiconductor problems of operating temperature and power consumption limited the performance growth for single‐core microprocessors. Microprocessor vendors hence adopt the multicore chip organizations with parallel processing because the new technology promises faster and lower power needed. In a short time, this trend floods first the development of CPU, then also the other peripherals like GPU. Modern GPUs are very efficient in manipulating computer graphics, and their highly parallel structure makes them even more effective than general‐purpose CPUs for a range of graphical complex algorithms. However, technology of multicore processor brought revolution and unavoidable collision to the programming personnel. Multicore processor has high performance; however, parallel processing brings not only the opportunity but also a challenge. The issue of efficiency and the way how programmer or compiler parallelizes the software explicitly are the keys that enhance the performance on multicore chip. In this paper, we propose a parallel programming approach using hybrid CUDA, OpenMP, and MPI programming. There would be two verificational experiments presented in the paper. In the first, we would verify the availability and correctness of the auto‐parallel tools, and discuss the performance issues on CPU, GPU, and embedded system. In the second, we would verify how the hybrid programming could surely improve performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

An improved map-symbol model to facilitate sharing of heterogeneous qualitative map symbols

ABSTRACTSymbol sharing that is facilitated by current technologies is hampered by the incompatibility of current map-symbol models with existing heterogeneous map-symbol resources. After a comparative analysis of the terminology and symbol construction strategies in existing map-symbol models, an improved model is presented to facilitate symbol sharing. The model combines current symbol description methods to enable broad compatibility with heterogeneous mapping/geographic information systems (GISs). Extensional map-symbol construction strategies have also been proposed to support various symbols with different levels of graphic complexity. Topographic, traffic, and OpenStreetMap symbol resources are used to validate the interoperability and compatibility of this model. Its compatibility was validated with a case study of ArcGIS, and its interoperation was validated with a case study of ArcGIS, AutoCAD, and CorelDraw. The results indicate that the map-symbol model is flexible for use with different map-symbol variants and compatible with existing description methods and that it can be used as a common model for sharing heterogeneous map-symbol resources.

3D graphics, virtual reality, and motion-onset visual evoked potentials in neurogaming.

A brain-computer interface (BCI) offers movement-free control of a computer application and is achieved by reading and translating the cortical activity of the brain into semantic control signals. Motion-onset visual evoked potentials (mVEP) are neural potentials employed in BCIs and occur when motion-related stimuli are attended visually. mVEP dynamics are correlated with the position and timing of the moving stimuli. To investigate the feasibility of utilizing the mVEP paradigm with video games of various graphical complexities including those of commercial quality, we conducted three studies over four separate sessions comparing the performance of classifying five mVEP responses with variations in graphical complexity and style, in-game distractions, and display parameters surrounding mVEP stimuli. To investigate the feasibility of utilizing contemporary presentation modalities in neurogaming, one of the studies compared mVEP classification performance when stimuli were presented using the oculus rift virtual reality headset. Results from 31 independent subjects were analyzed offline. The results show classification performances ranging up to 90% with variations in conditions in graphical complexity having limited effect on mVEP performance; thus, demonstrating the feasibility of using the mVEP paradigm within BCI-based neurogaming.

Children’s formation and representations of money-related thinking in graphical complexes: Compound relation operations and creative high-order thinking

Money has been explored frequently from adults' diversified perspectives. The study investigated qualitatively children's formation and representations of money-related thinking and concepts with the aid of drawing and languages. The subjects included 135 girls and 165 boys of ages from four to eight, recruited from the City of Tainan, Taiwan. The children were found to understand money from the perspective of physical exchange media and undertook creative relation operations on the graphical monetary and nonmonetary objects produced in their drawings in forming and representing thinking in graphical complexes. The relation operations included attribute representation, grouping, ordering, counting, partitioning/complementing, measurement-unit self-defining, object extending, value correspondence, purchasing power storage, and play-objects manipulating. Relation operations may be undertaken by children sequentially in the form of a compound relation operation and pave the way for children's formation of higher-order thinking and linguistic productions. The data suggested that the children's strategic formation of compound relation operations and creative high-order thinking may be characterized by the three sequential relation operation strategies of undertaking attribute representation as the initial relation operation, undertaking numeric relation operations on monetary complexes, and undertaking goal-oriented relation operations to link monetary complexes to nonmonetary complexes. An extensive form of thinking formation by sequential relation operations was proposed in the study to illustrate how children's formation of higher-order thinking and linguistic productions may be enhanced through sequential relation operations in the form of a compound relation in drawing activities.

Entropy and optimality in abstract art: an empirical test of visual aesthetics

How can aesthetic responses to artworks be computed? Previous authors have proposed governing properties, including symmetry and complexity, along with equations for quantifying these properties and combining them into an overall measure of aesthetics. But existing mathematical models have not been well motivated by psychological theories or well validated by empirical testing. An alternative model is derived here, using a novel measure of visual entropy to quantify graphic complexity and compute aesthetic optimality. This model is tested against human judgments of complexity and aesthetics using abstract designs composed of horizontal and vertical grid lines. The empirical results support the mathematical model of entropy and optimality, but also highlight difficulties associated with computing aesthetics for other abstract and figurative artworks. Implications of the data and model are discussed with regard to current and future efforts in the field of computational aesthetics, aimed at automating the evaluation of aesthetics and generation of artworks.

Graphic data analysis and complex formation curves as modeling and optimization tools for characterization of Cu–(buffer)x–(OH)y systems involving BTP or BES in aqueous solution

Bis-tris propane or 1,3-bis(tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)propane (BTP) and N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) are pH buffers which have been used in biological experiments. To characterize BTP and BES complexation properties with Cu(II), glass electrode potentiometry and direct current polarography were conducted using total ligand to total copper concentration ratios of different orders of magnitude and pH values at 25 °C and 0.1 M KNO3 ionic strength. The graphic analysis is a very powerful tool in the prediction and refinement operations of both systems. For the Cu-BTP system, six species were found to describe totally the system, CuL, CuL(OH), CuL(OH)2, CuL2, CuL2(OH), and CuL2(OH)2, with respective stability constants determined as 10.7 ± 0.1, 19.4 ± 0.4, 24.3 ± 0.2, 18.8 ± 0.1, 24.7 ± 0.2, and 29.8 ± 0.2. CuL2, CuL2(OH), and CuL2(OH)2 were described for the first time. In the case of the Cu-BES system, complexation behavior was described by the model constituted by CuL, CuL(OH), and CuL(OH)2, the latter two described for the first time, with respective stability constants determined as 3.24 ± 0.08, 10.9 ± 0.2, and 16.0 ± 0.3, respectively. UV–vis results allowed us to establish coordination modes for the Cu-BTP and Cu-BES complexes.

Eliminating Human Visual Judgment from Testing of Financial Charting Software

Financial charting software is widely used in share, commodity and foreign currency exchange markets to visualize and analyze price movements. Its quality is critical because incorrect outputs may lead to wrong analysis and trading decisions, and consequently substantial financial losses. Human visual judgment is often required to test financial charting software because of the graphical complexity of software outputs and limited knowledge of expected outputs. Such approach is labour intensive and error-prone. In this paper, we propose an automated testing technique combining metamorphic testing, assertion checking and a novel data label extraction method to eliminate human visual judgment from testing financial charting software. We used this technique to test pre-release builds of a commercial Point and Figure charting software component, and demonstrated that the proposed technique can effectively detect actual faults in the software component. Further, we discuss how the technique can be extended to test other charting software components.

Employing heat maps to mine associations in structured routine care data

Mining the electronic medical record (EMR) has the potential to deliver new medical knowledge about causal effects, which are hidden in statistical associations between different patient attributes. It is our goal to detect such causal mechanisms within current research projects which include e.g. the detection of determinants of imminent ICU readmission. An iterative statistical approach to examine each set of considered attribute pairs delivers potential answers but is difficult to interpret. Therefore, we aimed to improve the interpretation of the resulting matrices by the use of heat maps. We propose strategies to adapt heat maps for the search for associations and causal effects within routine EMR data. Heat maps visualize tabulated metric datasets as grid-like choropleth maps, and thus present measures of association between numerous attribute pairs clearly arranged. Basic assumptions about plausible exposures and outcomes are used to allocate distinct attribute sets to both matrix dimensions. The image then avoids certain redundant graphical elements and provides a clearer picture of the supposed associations. Specific color schemes have been chosen to incorporate preexisting information about similarities between attributes. The use of measures of association as a clustering input has been taken as a trigger to apply transformations which ensure that distance metrics always assume finite values and treat positive and negative associations in the same way. To evaluate the general capability of the approach, we conducted analyses of simulated datasets and assessed diagnostic and procedural codes in a large routine care dataset. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed clustering procedure rearranges attributes similar to simulated statistical associations. Thus, heat maps are an excellent tool to indicate whether associations concern the same attributes or different ones, and whether affected attribute sets conform to any preexisting relationship between attributes. The dendrograms help in deciding if contiguous sequences of attributes effectively correspond to homogeneous attribute associations. The exemplary analysis of a routine care dataset revealed patterns of associations that follow plausible medical constellations for several diseases and the associated medical procedures and activities. Cases with breast cancer (ICD C50), for example, appeared to be associated with radiation therapy (8-52). In cross check, approximately 60 percent of the attribute pairs in this dataset showed a strong negative association, which can be explained by diseases treated in a medical specialty which routinely does not perform the respective procedures in these cases. The corresponding diagram clearly reflects these relationships in the shape of coherent subareas. We could demonstrate that heat maps of measures of association are effective for the visualization of patterns in routine care EMRs. The adjustable method for the assignment of attributes to image dimensions permits a balance between the display of ample information and a favorable level of graphical complexity. The scope of the search can be adapted by the use of pre-existing assumptions about plausible effects to select exposure and outcome attributes. Thus, the proposed method promises to simplify the detection of undiscovered causal effects within routine EMR data.

The Development of Graphic Representation in Abugida Writing: The Akshara’s Grammar

Abstract Phonological writing systems can use different modes in the arrangement of phonological information: linear or emblematic. The latter presupposes a two-dimensional composition of graphic elements which convey information of different levels: basic phonological units or their secondary features. Abugida is one of the most perfect modes of writing, using a two-dimensional principle of organization in its graphemes. Indian scripts imply forms of abugida, based on aksharas - orthographic syllables - as main graphemes, with their vocalization marked by sub-graphemes. Their complex forms reveal hierarchical structures representing phonological structures. Thus, “the akshara’s grammar” may be described, with its paradigms of shapes and meanings, their organization in space, their modes of conjunction. The functional characteristics of diacritic types and ligatures can be specified. The graphic shapes of the akshara can be represented as forming a “grammar” comparable to morphological structures. The graphic complexity of writing can then be estimated in typological perspective. This paper is an attempt to describe such a grammar.

IMPACT OF 3D GRAPHIC STRUCTURE COMPLEXITY TO THE RENDERING TIME

The paper presents new approach to the analysis of the time required for rendering, depending on the complexity of the 3D object. Ray tracing is used to measure program complexity measure parameter based on the rendering time. Parametric analysis using ray tracing program is achieved by correlation between image parameters and rendering time. Electronic imaging and image processing (rendering) are considered in the 3D virtual photorealistic imaging design and electronic imaging creation and optimization. We are attempting to treat the complexity as a measure in the process of creating and rendering a complex image. The work is directed towards defining and optimizing the rendering time in the photorealistic 3D image creation process. The correlation between large numbers of image components obtained by the ray tracing program is used to measure the scene complexity regarding of render time. To discover which space variable to use as complexity measure, we cross-correlated variables output by ray tracing program, keeping track of the maximum values. Based on this method, the highest correlation was observed on variable Bounding box succeeded tests, and that way obtained the complexity measure for the image. That way the original research is performed in creating analytical (data-visual) methods for determining the image rendering parameters. The results based on experimental verification on a large number of performed standard tests on real sets of graphical contents, and established the impact of graphical content complexity to the rendering time at distributed cluster computing systems.