Analytical Study of Environmental Graphic Impact on the Cultural and Social Context of Squares, Case Study: Squares of Imam Khomeini, the Revolution [Enghelab], Ferdowsi and Parliament [Baharestan] in Tehran

Abstract

It can be stated that the environmental graphics in today's cities plays a vital role. The need for an environmental graphics with more complexity of cities graphics and population growth them has been increased. Today, around the world, environmental graphics in urban space and squares is in the scope of identity and culture of the society and citizen. Urban squares always are considered as one of the most remarkable spaces in order to create urban identity. The aim of this paper is to identify the use of environmental graphics in the squares of Tehran. The method used in this research is descriptive - analytical and the squares of Imam Khomeini, Revolution square [Enghelab], Ferdowsi and Parliament [Baharestan], due to the amount of traffic and daily congestion in these squares, being close to the main markets of Tehran and antiquity and reputation have been selected as the statistical population. According to visual and library and field studies, firstly the environmental graphic elements of squares were identified and then considering the codified principles in relation to their design, description and assessment of these elements and their impact have been considered. Finally, in line with the identifying of the environment, the association between these elements with symbols of identity has been referred. The results suggest the lack of use of environmental graphic principles in designing and application of elements in urban squares according to social and cultural context. Also, the lack of attention to these squares, in order to identifying them and converting these spaces to places that represent the culture, history, art and Iranian-Islamic identity of our land is obvious. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s2p148