Graphene Oxide Network Research Articles

Platinum nanocrystals confined into 3D porous cerium oxide nanosheet/reduced graphene oxide networks for methanol electrooxidation

Platinum nanocrystals confined into 3D porous cerium oxide nanosheet/reduced graphene oxide networks for methanol electrooxidation

Nanohybrids of B- and N-codoped reduced graphene oxide/CeO2–Co3O4 nanocomposite for efficient water oxidation

Transition metal oxides are well known as highly active and durable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of CeO2 nanostructure in the water oxidation reaction, CeO2/Co3O4 and boron-nitrogen co-doped reduced graphene oxide incorporated (B,N-rGO) into CeO2/Co3O4 with a weight ratio of 3:1 of nanoparticles to graphene oxide were synthesized using co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, respectively. The prepared materials were studied in detail regarding their crystal structure and morphological properties. The as-prepared materials were used as modified carbon paste electrodes for electrochemical water oxidation in an alkaline solution. The results showed that incorporating graphene oxide network into the nanoparticles structure enhances their OER performance. The material based on CeO2/Co3O4@B,N-rGO hybrid nanocomposite showed excellent OER activity with an overpotential of 410@10 mA cm−2, which is 240 and 140 mV less than that of the single CeO2 and CeO2/Co3O4 samples. Also, CeO2/Co3O4@B,N-rGO displayed the lowest Tafel slope and charge transfer resistance among the other catalysts. Moreover, the proposed catalyst displayed high stability and durability during OER. The enhanced OER performance of the CeO2/Co3O4@B,N-rGO is attributed to several catalytically active sites created by B and N doped rGO in the nanocomposite structure. The high performance of this catalyst results from the synergy of combining CeO2/Co3O4 nanoparticles with a three-dimensional co-doped rGO network.

Mechanically flexible graphene oxide network for highly-sensitive and ultra-long fire warning

Graphene oxide (GO)-based intelligent fire alarm sensor (FAS) has recently been a sought-after research topic in fire prevention fields. However, it remains a challenge to facilely construct GO-based composite that simultaneously possess mechanical flexibility, excellent flame resistance, highly-sensitive temperature-responsive behavior, rapid fire response and ultra-long fire alarming durability. Here, a nacre-like ternary hybrid paper is conveniently obtained by integrating GO with hexachlorophosphazene-based multi‑hydroxyl molecule (HHACP) and tannic acid (TA) via a facile and eco-friendly water evaporation-induced self-assembly method. The resultant composite paper (TA-GO/HHACP) exhibits mechanically flexible property with tensile strength of 103.7 MPa and toughness of 1.51 MJ/m3, comparable to 2.52 and 5.39 times higher than those of pure GO paper. Further, the TA-GO/HHACP paper displays excellent nonflammability and high-temperature resistance that can withstand continuous butane flame attack (∼ 1200 °C), resulting in ultra-long sustained alarming period of > 1600 s under an open fire. More importantly, benefiting from its rapid electrical resistance reduction capability, such TA-GO/HHACP paper demonstrates ultra-fast fire-triggered response time of ∼ 0.6 s, and ultra-sensitive early fire alarm responses to abnormal high temperatures during pre-combustion process, e.g., ∼ 1 s at 250 °C and ∼ 19 s at 200 °C, respectively, outperforming the best reported GO‑based FAS counterparts. This work provides an inventive paradigm to develop high-performance GO-based intelligent materials with reliable and sensitive early fire-warning function.

Effect of hydrothermal time on catalyst activity of counter electrode Cu2S-rGO composite to enhance the efficiency of quantum dot solar cells

In this study, a high-efficiency reduced graphene oxide and Cu2S composite counter electrode for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells is investigated via various hydrothermal times (12, 24, and 36 h). Besides, for comparison, Cu2S CE was fabricated by hydrothermal and chemical bath deposition methods. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It confirms the formation of nanoflower-like Cu2S intermixed with rGO sheets. The presence of Cu2S and rGO in rGO/Cu2S composites was identified by X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. The chemical composition and purity of rGO/Cu2S were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical property of the as-fabricated counter electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry analysis using the sulfide/polysulfide-based electrolyte. The optimum hydrothermal time was 24 h. The power conversion efficiency of 5.187 % for rGO/Cu2S 24-h counter electrode is higher than that of reduced graphene oxide (4.013 %), synthesized chemical bath deposition (3.466 %), and hydrothermal Cu2S (3.112 %) counter electrodes, respectively. The main reason is the Cu2S nanoflower morphology and the conductive reduced graphene oxide network, which provide more catalytically active sites and a rapid electron transport pathway. Overall, the ease of synthesis, low cost, time efficiency, and excellent electrocatalytic characteristics of the rGO/Cu2S composites demonstrated a promising counter electrode.

Mxene quantum dots decorated reduced graphene oxide networks as multifunctional electrocatalyst for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium sulfur (Li-S) battery has shown great potential as an attractive rechargeable energy storage devices, but the shuttle behavior and slow conversion kinetics of the intermediate lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are the main obstacles to the practical application of Li-S battery. Herein, a simple and scalable spray drying strategy was used to construct conductive polar Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots (QDs)-decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) microsphere (rGO@Ti3C2 QDs) as efficient electrocatalyst and absorbent for Li-S battery. Firstly, the DFT results show that Ti3C2 QDs can effectively adsorb and catalyze LiPSs conversion. This ability can be attributed to the Ti3C2 QDs can provide a large number of LiPSs catalytic active sites. In addition, the rGO provides physical LiPSs constraint and a flexible substrate to prevent QDs from aggregating. Moreover, both parts are conductive, effectively improving the electron/charge transfer. Therefore, this unique structure and composition show high LiPSs adsorption and catalysis, while allowing rapid Li+/electron transfer. As a result, the S/rGO@Ti3C2 QDs electrode provides high initial capacity (1185 mAh/g at 0.2C), good rate capability (758 mAh/g at 3C), and excellent long-term cyclability (500 cycles at 1C with low attenuation of 0.07% per cycle), as well as an excellent electrochemical performance even at high sulfur loading. Meanwhile, the Li-S pouch cell based on S/rGO@Ti3C2 QDs also achieved a high initial energy density of 230.9 Wh kg−1. This work may provide a promising strategy to obtain better electrochemical performance by introducing quantum dots into Li-S cathodes.

Biomass-derived mesoporous core-shell Fe3C@graphene oxide nanospheres for electrochemical energy storage

The biomass-derived mesoporous core-shell Fe3C@graphene oxide nanospheres (mFe3C@GO NSs) was synthesized with high-quality lignins and applied for electrochemical energy storage. The synthesis conditions of mFe3C@GO NSs are optimized and its formation mechanism is proposed. The mFe3C@GO NSs homogeneously dispersed in GO conductive network and maintained the structural integrity of the electrode during the electrochemical process. Benefiting from the advantages of the core-shell construction and graphene oxide network, the mFe3C@GO NSs exhibits extensible exploration in electrochemical energy storage (EES).

Ordered nanorods assembled MnCO3@reduced graphene oxide anodes for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors: A facile thiourea-assisted reduction approach

MnCO3 materials owing to considerable capacity, good stability and low price, show a great potential in lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) applications. The design and synthesis of MnCO3 with ordered and fine structure regulation are currently challenging issues. A facile thiourea-assisted reduction strategy is established for preparing ordered nanorods assembled MnCO3 wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (MnCO3@rGO). This composite exhibits a multi-channel charge transfer model within the oriented structure and high connectivity of conductive graphene oxide network. Based on the unique structure, the MnCO3@rGO anode shows a high capacity of 1885 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, vibrant rate performance (383 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1) as well as sturdy cycle. Moreover, the assembled LICs with the MnCO3@rGO displays an excellent energy density of 204 W h kg−1, high power density of 30 kW kg−1, and robust capacity retention of 78% after 10000 cycles. Additionally, the corresponding flexible device holds a stable energy supply under different bending conditions. This work provides a promising approach for the preparation of high-performance metal carbonates-based materials with fine micro/nano structure.

Reduced graphene oxide incorporated triple network hydrogels for enhancing solar desalination performance

Solar-driven hydrogel evaporator has attracted great attention in desalination recently. However, it remains a challenge to develop high performance hydrogel evaporators with outstanding mechanical property, high evaporation efficiency and excellent durability. In this study, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), sodium alginate (SA) and graphene oxide (GO) were employed for fabricating triple network hydrogels, which were used for solar desalination. The hydrogels were composed of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), SA and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) networks. The rGO network could well wrap on PHEMA and SA networks, forming an interpenetrated structure with good mechanical property. After being reduced of GO, the PHEMA/SA/rGO hydrogels showed excellent solar absorption and evaporation performance due to better photothermal effect of rGO than that of GO. Due to outstanding light absorption characteristic, the as-prepared hydrogels showed maximal energy efficiency of 95.59 % under one sun illumination. The hydrogel evaporator also exhibited excellent reusability for effective desalination. This stable performance may be attributed to its enough water molecules embedded in the crosslinked network, which prevented salt supersaturation. The outdoor solar desalination experiment suggested that concentration of four typical ions (Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+) in purified water fully met drinking water standards. This work may provide a new idea for design and creation of hydrogel evaporator with high mechanical strength and solar energy conversion efficiency for solar steam generation.

Energy harvesting from water flow through porous reduced graphene oxide networks

AbstractUsing a syringe pump setup, the authors conducted water flow experiments through porous reduced graphene oxide (rGO). A variety of anions and cations were added to the water to study its effect on energy harvesting. More specifically, the authors performed tests to study effect of: (1) ion concentration in water, (2) type of anion used, (3) type of cation used, and (4) effect of flow rate. The test data indicates that water flow through rGO networks can directly induce drift of charge carriers in graphene and thus generate electricity. Graphene is ideally suited for this application, since it possesses high mobility charge carriers that are ready to be coupled to moving ions present in the flowing fluid. The proposed rGO material could enable harvesting of the ubiquitous, abundant, and renewable mechanical energy of moving water directly to electrical energy. Unlike traditional schemes, the graphene material directly converts the flow energy into electrical energy without the need for moving parts. Such graphene coatings could potentially replace conventional batteries (which are environmentally hazardous) in low‐power, low‐voltage, and long service‐life applications. Once scaled up, this concept offers a potentially transformative approach to energy harvesting, as opposed to incremental advances in current technologies.

Na2.60Fe1.70(SO4)3 particles embedded in cross-linked graphene oxide networks as high-performance dual-electrode for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium iron sulfate materials have been initially applied to sodium ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their high operating voltage and stable electrochemical properties, yet poor conductivity and low theoretical capacity limit its commercial development. Herein, we first prepared Na2.60Fe1.70(SO4)3@graphene oxide (GO) composite via a facile solid-phase ball milling strategy, which are Na2.60Fe1.70(SO4)3 particles embedded in cross-linked GO networks. For the cathode of SIBs, the active particles in the material are wrapped with cross-linked GO networks that increases the electrolyte penetration and ion transport channels as well as improves electronic conductivity, resulting in a high operating voltage of 3.74 V and excellent cycle stability (retains over 70 % of capacity after 500 cycles at 8 C). Notably, the as-prepared material could exhibit a reversible capacity of 100 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C as anode for SIBs. Furthermore, the material was first used to assemble symmetric sodium-ion full cell, demonstrating excellent electrochemical performance (achieving 60 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C). The Na2.60Fe1.70(SO4)3 particles wrapped with cross-linked GO networks offer a simple and effective approach to enhance the performance of SIBs, making an important contribution towards their practical industrial application.

Constructing a continuous reduced graphene oxide network in porous plant fiber sponge for highly compressible and sensitive piezoresistive sensors

Flexible pressure sensors as wearable electronic devices to monitor human health have attracted significant attention. Herein, a simple and effective carbonization-free method is proposed to prepare a compressible and conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–modified plant fiber sponge (defined as rGO-PFS). The introduced GO can not only coat on the surface of plant fibers, but also form a large amount of aerogel with microcellular structure in the macroporous PFS. After reduction treatment, the rGO-PFS can form a double-continuous conductive network of rGO aerogel. With the improvement of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the rGO-PFS@PDMS composite exhibits outstanding compressibility (up to 60% compression strain), excellent durability (10,000 stable compression cycles at 50% strain), high sensitivity (234.07 kPa−1 in a pressure range of 20 ~ 387.2 Pa), low detection limit (20 Pa), and rapid response time (28 ms) for practical wearable applications.Graphical A compressible and conductive reduced graphene oxide–modified plant fiber sponge is prepared by a simple and effective carbonization-free method. With the improvement of polydimethylsiloxane, the sponge exhibits outstanding compressibility, durability, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and rapid response time for practical wearable applications.

N doping porous carbon embedded in self-assembled three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide networks for electrochemical hydrogen storage

Electrochemical hydrogen storage can realize reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption at room temperature and pressure, which has attracted extensive attention recently. A nanosheet-like reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-porous carbon composite with N-doping defect is prepared via a facile annealing, followed by hydrothermal and freeze-drying process. After N-doping, the porous carbon materials exhibit rich pore structure, and high pyridine nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen content. Adding them into the graphene self-assembly process, the aggregation tendency of graphene sheets can be reduced, the composite shows a free-standing 3D porous structure. Benefit from the synthetic effect between the rGO conductive network, the hierarchical porous structure, and the doping of N atoms, the rGO-N800 delivers a high hydrogen storage capacity of 266.3 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the reversible capacities of the composite can reach 288.4, and 267.1 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 and 2000 mA g−1, respectively. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the composite demonstrates a promising direction for design carbon-based hydrogen storage materials.

SnS@Co1-xS nanocubes anchored in reduced graphene oxide sheets for sodium-ion batteries with enhanced rate performance

Metal sulfide has recently emerged as an attractive anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with large layer spacing and desirable electrochemical reversibility, but its low-rate performance and severe volume expansion during cycling immensely hinder further application. In this work, SnS@Co1-xS nanocubes are uniformly anchored in the conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) network through a straightforward coprecipitation and vulcanization process. The obtained SnS@Co1-xS-rGO composite with tunable morphologies can achieve the high dispersion of nanoparticles and enhanced charge transfer kinetics simultaneously. Consequently, this SnS@Co1-xS-rGO electrode possesses an impressive cycling performance of 571.23 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 80 cycles and sustains a high-rate capacity of 352.92 mAh/g at a high current density of 10 A/g, which is far outperforming reported tin/cobalt sulfides. It can be demonstrated that rGO plays an important role in the capacity stability of bimetallic sulfides.

Hollow Porous CoO@Reduced Graphene Oxide Self-Supporting Flexible Membrane for High Performance Lithium-Ion Storage.

We report an environment-friendly preparation method of rGO-based flexible self-supporting membrane electrodes, combining Co-MOF with graphene oxide and quickly preparing a hollow CoO@rGO flexible self-supporting membrane composite with a porous structure. This unique hollow porous structure can shorten the ion transport path and provide more active sites for lithium ions. The high conductivity of reduced graphene oxide further facilitates the rapid charge transfer and provides sufficient buffer space for the hollow Co-MOF nanocubes during the charging process. We evaluated its electrochemical performance in a coin cell, which showed good rate capability and cycling stability. The CoO@rGO flexible electrode maintains a high specific capacity of 1103 mAh g-1 after 600 cycles at 1.0 A g-1. The high capacity of prepared material is attributed to the synergistic effect of the hollow porous structure and the 3D reduced graphene oxide network. This would be considered a promising new strategy for synthesizing hollow porous-structured rGO-based self-supported flexible electrodes.

An investigation on heat transfer of three-dimensional graphene oxide network shape memory anti-/deicing component

Shape memory three-dimensional graphene oxide/epoxy resin (3D-GO/EP) anti-/deicing component with high heat transfer was successfully synthesized by employing GO sheets hosted by Polyurethane sponge as templates. The thermal energy transfer characteristics of shape memory EP composites modified with 3D-GO was investigated by the representative volume elements (RVE) modeling. The numerical simulation results indicated that the increase of volume fraction of 3D-GO was limited due to the extremely high thermal conductivity and the network structure. The thermal conductivity of shape memory EP composites increased to 2.74 ∼ 5.69 times as the volume fraction of 3D-GO sponge increased within 1 vol%, which was up to 2.05 W/(m·K). The energy conversion efficiency was increased to 44.40 % after doping 0.5 vol% 3D-GO sponge. Moreover, the influence of structural parameters such as the length, thickness and effective radius of 3D-GO sponge on thermal conductivity was studied. The 3D-GO sponge with short length, large effective radius and large thickness doped in the shape memory 3D-GO/EP anti-/deicing componentsignificantly improved the heat transfer efficiency. The heat transfer rate of the shape memory 3D-GO/EP anti-/deicing component was significantly improved, which reached up to 4.69 ℃/s with the heating condition of 5000 W/m2.

Atomic-scale storage mechanism in ultra-small size (FeCuCrMnNi)3O4/rGO with super-stable sodium storage and accelerated kinetics

Transition-metal high-entropy oxides show superior electrochemical properties and excellent long-term cycling stability in secondary batteries due to their entropy stabilization effect. However, the effects on storage mechanisms of Na+ batteries remains an open question, especially considering its larger ionic radius, sluggish kinetics movement, and serious volumetric expansion. In this work, ultra-small size spinel-structured (FeCuCrMnNi)3O4 composition of hollow porous microspheres is dispersed on the reduced graphene oxide net work. The architecture can effectively suppress the continuous volume expansion and maintain valid interface contact between electrode and electrolyte, thus achieving highly reversible sodium storage. Moreover, oxygen vacancies promote the desorption of Na+ during the charge process due to weak chemical bonding and migration barrier, improving cycling stability. Furthermore, highly reversible structural transformation of spinel to monometallic oxides and then to rock salt structure is observed by in situ XRD. The results provide an in-depth understanding of Na+ storage mechanism in HEOs with self-supporting electrode materials.

3D network-structured CoSb/P-CNFs@rGO as a highly conductive self-supporting anode material for lithium-ion batteries

CoSb particles have an extremely high specific capacity as anodes for Li-ion batteries, but the severe expansion during the reaction process makes their cycle stability very poor. In this study, a 3D CoSb/P-CNFs@rGO network structure has been successfully constructed by a simple electrospinning technique and hydrothermal treatment. 1D carbon nanofibers and 2D reduced graphene oxide network are intertwined and coated to create this 3D structure. In this ingenious strategy, CoSb particles are embedded in carbon nanofibers to restrain volume expansion. By encapsulating the nanoparticles in a graphene structural network, it is possible to stabilize the matrix structure and precipitate CoSb particles for secondary capture. In addition, the 3D network structure also builds a fast channel for 3D interaction electron/ion transfer. Benefiting from the above structural advantages, the CoSb/P-CNFs@rGO flexible self-supporting anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including ultra-long cycling performance (870 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1). More importantly, the 3D structure design method may provide a simple and effective strategy to overcome the volume expansion of anode materials.

Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance of Hydroxyl-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dot-Coated Si Nanoparticles/Reduced Graphene Hybrid Anodes for Advanced Li-Ion Batteries

By powering sophisticated lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), silicon/carbon (Si/C) composites have the potential to accelerate the sustainable energy transition. This is a first-of-its-kind Si/C hybrid with hydroxyl-functionalized graphene quantum dots (OH-GQD) electrostatically assembled within interconnected reduced graphene oxide networks (OH-GQD@Si/rGO) prepared through solution-phase ultrasonication and subsequent one-step, low-temperature annealing and thermal reduction. The OH-GQD@Si/rGO hybrid utilized as the LIB anode delivered a high initial specific capacity of 2,229.16, 1,303.21, and 1,090.13 mAh g−1 reversible capacities at 100 mA g−1 after 50 and 100 cycles, and recovered 1,473.28 mAh g−1 at rates as high as 5 A g−1. The synergistic benefits of the OH-GQD/rGO interface give dual, conductive carbon protection to silicon nanoparticles. Consecutive Si surface modifications improved Si–rGO contact modes. The initial OH-GQD carbon coating increased storage capacity through vacancy defects changing the electron density in the lattice, whereas hydroxyl functionality at the edges acted as active storage sites. Secondary protection through rGO encapsulation improved Si conductivity and usage by providing continuous electron/ion routes while minimizing Si volume variations. The proposed OH-GQD/rGO hybridization as a dual-carbon protection strategy to Si stabilized the solid electrolyte interface leading to electrode stability. This work is expected to advance the development of next-generation Si-based LIB anodes.

Magnetic photocatalysts based on graphene oxide: synthesis, characterization, application in advanced oxidation processes and response surface analysis

The decomposition rate of methyl orange (MO) is studied in aqueous solution of magnetic photocatalysts based on graphene oxide (GO). ZnO photocatalytic nanoparticles are synthesized with controlled amounts on magnetized graphene oxide and two photocatalytic samples including GFZ1 and GFZ2 are prepared for use in advanced oxidation process. The characterization of the synthesized photocatalysts is done by XRD, FTIR and VSM. The crystal structure of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as well as photocatalytic ZnO nanoparticles on the graphene oxide network has been confirmed by XRD analysis in both synthesized samples. FTIR analysis of both GFZ1 and GFZ2 also shows the stretching vibration of Fe–O and Zn–O bonds in Fe3O4 and ZnO, respectively. The superparamagnetic properties of both samples can be confirmed using VSM analysis. It is also observed that with the increase of ZnO nanoparticles in GFZ2, the magnetic properties decrease compared to GFZ1. The effect of irradiation time time (between 5 and 40 min), weight fraction of the synthesized photocatalysts (0.1%wt, 0.2%wt, and 0.3%wt) and pH of the suspension (3, 7, and 11) on the changes in MO decomposition rate was investigated and the response surface method (RSM) was used to study the effect of the simultaneous change of two parameters of the mentioned factors on the MO removal efficiency. The results show that with the increase of irradiation time and also the weight fraction of both photocatalysts, the decomposition rate of MO also increases significantly. So that in all time intervals and weight fractions, the photocatalytic activity of GFZ2 is much higher than that of GFZ1. The effect of pH also shows that the maximum and minimum decomposition rates occur in acidic and neutral conditions, respectively.

Development and application of redox active GO supported CeO2/In2O3 nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes and electrochemical detection of sulfamaxole

In the current study, we reported the hydrothermal fabrication of graphene oxide supported In2O3/CeO2 ternary nanocomposite for enhanced photodegradation of two dyes and electrochemical sensing of antibiotic, sulfamaxole. The synthesised nanocomposites were characterized by several physical and analytical techniques, confirming the successful anchorage of In2O3/CeO2 on the conjugated network of graphene oxide (GO). The photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared nanocomposite was examined with the degradation of two textile dyes, Congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) in presence of visible light. The photocatalytic performance was seen to increase with the decoration of redox active binary nanocomposite on the conjugated network of GO which has showed maximum degradation of 94% in 130 min and 95% in 91 min for CR and MB respectively. Moreover, electrochemical and electroanalytical activity of the composite advocated excellent response towards detection of the sulfa drug, sulfamaxole. The proposed sensor platform exhibited quick response with excellent sensitivity (4.635 µA mM−1 cm−2), efficient charge transfer and a lower detection limit (0.036 µM). Additionally, the sensor system demonstrated excellent stability, good reproducibility and selective performance with little loss in activity. The increased degradation and excellent redox behaviour of composite nanostructure can be ascribed to increased photon absorption, efficient charge transfer across the interfaces and suppression of charge recombination. It is pertinent to mention that current study has paved the way to design multifunctional catalysts for mitigating the contamination legacy of persistent pollutants.