Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforcement Research Articles

Sustainable Microfabrication Enhancement of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Reinforced Biomedical Alumina Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites

Studies about adding graphene reinforcement to improve the microfabrication performance of alumina (Al2O3) ceramic materials are still too rare and incomplete to satisfy sustainable manufacturing requirements. Therefore, this study aims to develop a detailed understanding of the effect of graphene reinforcement to enhance the laser micromachining performance of Al2O3-based nanocomposites. To achieve this, high-density Al2O3 nanocomposite specimens were fabricated with 0 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2.5 wt.% graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) using a high-frequency induction heating process. The specimens were subjected to laser micromachining. Afterward, the effects of the GNP contents on the ablation depth/width, surface morphology, surface roughness, and material removal rate were studied. The results indicate that the micro-fabrication performance of the nanocomposites was significantly affected by the GNP content. All nanocomposites exhibited improvement in the ablation depth and material removal rate compared to the base Al2O3 (0 wt.% GNP). For instance, at a higher scanning speed, the ablation depth was increased by a factor of 10 times for the GNP-reinforced specimens compared to the base Al2O3 nanocomposites. In addition, the MRRs were increased by 2134%, 2391%, 2915%, and 2427% for the 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2.5 wt.% GNP/Al2O3 nanocomposites, respectively, compared to the base Al2O3 specimens. Likewise, the surface roughness and surface morphology were considerably improved for all GNP/Al2O3 nanocomposite specimens compared to the base Al2O3. This is because the GNP reinforcement reduced the ablation threshold and increased the material removal efficiency by increasing the optical absorbance and thermal conductivity and reducing the grain size of the Al2O3 nanocomposites. Among the GNP/Al2O3 nanocomposites, the 0.5 wt.% and 1 wt.% GNP specimens showed superior performance with minimum defects in most laser micromachining conditions. Overall, the results show that the GNP-reinforced Al2O3 nanocomposites can be machined with high quality and a high production rate using a basic fiber laser system (20 Watts) with very low power consumption. This study shows huge potential for adding graphene to alumina ceramic-based materials to improve their machinability.

Mathematical modeling and vibration analysis of rotating functionally graded porous spacecraft systems reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets

This paper investigates the theoretical modeling and coupled free vibration behaviors of a rotating double‐bladed shaft assembly resting on elastic supports in a spacecraft system. According to the Kirchhoff plate theory and the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the theoretical model is established. The presented rotor is considered to be made of porous foam metal matrix and graphene nanoplatelet (GPL) reinforcement. Nonuniform distributions of porosity and GPLs are taken into account, which leads to the functionally graded (FG) structure. The effective material properties of the double‐bladed shaft assembly are varying along the radius and thickness directions of the shaft and blade, respectively. Moreover, the rule of mixture, the Halpin–Tsai model, and the open‐cell scheme are employed to determine its material properties. Considering the gyroscopic effect, the Lagrange equation is utilized to derive the coupled equations of motion. Then the traveling wave frequencies of the double‐bladed shaft assembly are obtained by applying the assumed modes method and substructure modal synthesis method. A detailed parametric analysis is conducted to examine the effects of the rotating speed, GPL weight fraction, GPL distribution pattern, GPL length‐to‐thickness ratio, GPL length‐to‐width ratio, porosity coefficient, porosity distribution pattern, shaft length‐to‐radius ratio, blade length‐to‐thickness ratio, support stiffness and support location on the free vibration behaviors of the double‐bladed shaft assembly.

Investigation of heat transfer characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets dispersed aluminium composite

The thermal stability and specific heat capacity of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) dispersed aluminium composites are determined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Results of DSC analysis of the Al/2.0 wt-% GNPs composite show a 174% enhancement in specific heat capacity. Compared to pure aluminium, the Al/2.0 wt-% GNPs composite’s TGA results show a 2% mass reduction. Heat transfer characteristics like heat transfer coefficient, fin efficiency, and heat transfer through a fin were determined using a pin-fin heat transfer apparatus under free and forced convection. Compared to pure aluminium, graphene nanoplatelets reinforcement in an aluminium matrix improves the heat transfer characteristics of prepared composites under both free and forced convection.

Effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure, mechanical, tribological and thermophysical properties of GNPs/IN738 composite

While IN738 Ni-based superalloy is a high strength alloy, it is feasible to improve its properties at the bulk level by reinforcing with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), taking advantage of the superior mechanical, tribological and thermal properties using the spark plasma sintering technique. In the present study, the influence of spark plasma sintering temperature range between 900 and 1100 °C on the microstructure, mechanical, tribological and thermophysical properties of GNPs/IN738 composite is assessed. The dispersion of GNPs reinforcement and alloying metals to form composite powder is conducted using a turbular mixer and low-frequency planetary ball milling, followed by spark plasma sintering. The relative density of the sintered samples assessed following Archimedes' method indicates increasing densification with the increasing sintering temperature from 94.7% (900 °C) to 98.5% (1100 °C). The microstructure assessed via SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy indicates the formation of precipitate gamma, intermetallic gamma prime, solid solution and GNPs strengthening phases. Thus, the mechanical (micro/nano hardness and Young's modulus), tribological (wear rate and coefficient of friction), and thermophysical (thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity) properties increased with the increasing sintering temperature. The microhardness increased from 354HV (900 °C) to 469HV (1100 °C), nanohardness from 8 GPa (900 °C) to 17 GPa (900 °C), and Young's modulus from 190 GPa (900 °C) to 291 GPa (1100 °C). The wear rate reduced with an increase in sintering temperature for the three loads of 5, 10 and 20N. The thermophysical properties assessed from 25 to 600 °C show the formation of few inflection points as the temperature increases, which is attributed to the dissolution and rearrangement of precipitate gamma prime and Cr in solid solution phases. Similarly, the small increment in the thermal diffusivity is equally associated with the smoother phonon transition at the GNPs/matrix interface.

The effect of processing parameters on the wear properties Al6061/GNP composites produced by hot pressing

In the present study, the effect of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) reinforcement in Aluminum material at different rates was investigated on tribological properties. In this scope, the samples were produced by the hot press under determining different production parameters. The wear characteristics of the composites were determined using the ball-on disc wear test method. Ball on disc wear test showed that the Al6061/GNPs composite which was produced with the addition of 1 wt% GNPs, a sintering temperature of 600 °C, and a sintering time of 45 min, had the best wear resistance. Thanks to the GNPs reinforcement, a 61 % reduction in wear rate was achieved when compared to the non-reinforced Al material. The effects of the production parameters on the friction coefficient were investigated using the Taguchi method and it was determined that the most important parameter affecting the friction coefficients of the composites was the wt % GNPs addition. The results showed that the addition of GNPs is an important reinforcing material that reduces the wear rate when added to the structure at certain rates.

Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced glass/epoxy composites manufactured using resin film infusion process

<abstract> <p>Nanofillers as secondary reinforcement in polymeric composites have shown promising results on improvement of mechanical properties of the polymeric composites. However, due to the in-plane resin path, filtration of the nanofillers through fabric during processing is a major challenge in liquid infusion processes such as resin transfer molding. In resin film infusion process, the resin travels in thickness direction and due the shorter resin path, the possibility of filtration is minimal. In this study, resin film infusion (RFI) process is used to fabricate graphene platelets reinforced glass/epoxy hybrid composites. First, the resin films with 0.4 and 0.8 percent of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were manufactured using solvent casting process. Then, these films were used to fabricate composites using resin film infusion process. Mechanical characterization tests, namely tensile, flexural and short beam, were performed. Tensile strength of the 0.4% and 0.8% GNPs reinforced composites was 36.13% and 22.23% higher, respectively, than that of baseline composites. Flexural strength 0.4% and 0.8% GNPs modified composites was 24.96% higher and 32% lower, respectively, compared to baseline composite. Lastly, minimal change was observed in short beam shear strength due to GNPs reinforcement. Higher void volume fraction of 1.7% and 4.5% as compared to baseline composites observed in 0.4% and 0.8% GNPs modified composites respectively.</p> </abstract>

Achieving High Strength on Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites Via Liquid-State Molding Technology and Low Temperature Deformation Process

Achieving High Strength on Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites Via Liquid-State Molding Technology and Low Temperature Deformation Process

Vibration analysis of spinning porous cylindrical shell coupled with multiple plates assembly structures reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets

Spinning thin-walled drum coupled with multiple blades assembly structures are commonly used in modern rotor systems, where the blade and drum could be established by elastic plate model and cylindrical shell model in theory, respectively. This paper conducted theoretical modelling and vibration analysis of a spinning drum (cylindrical shell) coupled with four blades (plates) assembly. To improve its mechanical performance, this rotor system is considered to be made up of foamed metal matrix and graphene nanoplatelet (GPL) reinforcement. Graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) are dispersed into the matrix along the thickness directions of the cylindrical shell and plates. And both uniform and non-uniform distributions of GPLs and porosity coefficients are taken into account in this paper. The substructure modal synthesis method with various interfaces is adopted to establish the coupled model of multiple plates-cylindrical shell assembly. By employing the Lagrange’s equation and the assumption mode method, the equations of motion are derived. The presented theoretical model and the obtained free vibration results are validated by the finite element method. A comprehensive discussion is carried out to examine the effects of the spinning speed, GPL distribution pattern, GPL weight fraction, length-to-thickness ratio and length-to-width ratio of GPLs, porosity distribution pattern, and porosity coefficient on the vibration behaviours of the multiple plates-cylindrical shell assembly.

The influence of various nanofiller materials (CNTs, GNPs, and GOPs) on the natural frequencies of Nanocomposite Cylindrical Shells: A comparative study

The present research compares the influences of nanofiller materials on the free vibrational performance of Nanocomposite Cylindrical Shells (NCSs). For this purpose, three well-known nanofiller materials covering Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs), Graphene Nano Platelets (GNPs), and Graphene Oxide Powders (GOPs) are implemented to improve polymer matrix and create nanocomposite materials. Accordingly, the modified rule of the mixture is employed to find the mechanical properties related to the CNT-nanocomposite. At the same time, the Halpin-Tsai scheme is employed to determine the GNP and GOP-nanocomposites mechanical features. Additionally, four functionally graded (FG) distribution patterns (DPs) are utilized to scatter the nanofillers along with the NCSs. In addition, the First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) and general shell scheme are implemented to find the basic relationships of the NCSs. Furthermore, Hamilton's principle is applied to derive the governing equations of motion for the NCSs. Next, the well-arranged method, namely the Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM), is implemented to discretize the equations of the motion. Then, the solution of the standard eigenvalue is joined to the list to extract the natural frequency outputs related to the NCSs. After that, to confirm the present method, multiple benchmarks are compared with the results of the submitted procedure for Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced (CNTR) and Graphene Nano Platelets Reinforced (GNPR) NCSs. It should be mentioned that there is no study related to the natural frequencies (NFs) of the Graphene Oxide Powders Reinforced (GOPR) NCSs in the open literature. Lastly, various parametrical examples are presented to explain the influences of the three kinds of nanofillers on the free vibration responses of NCSs.

Natural frequency analysis of imperfect GNPRN conical shell, cylindrical shell, and annular plate structures resting on Winkler-Pasternak Foundations under arbitrary boundary conditions

The goal of the present research is to examine the Natural Frequencies (NFs) of perfect and imperfect Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Nanocomposite (GNPRN) structures of revolution (conical and cylindrical shells and annular plate structures) resting on elastic foundations under general boundary conditions (BCs). The graphene nanoplatelet material is implemented to compose the nanocomposite enhanced by a polymeric matrix including porosities. The springs technique is applied to define the general BCs of GNPRN structures of revolution. Elastic foundations are described by two parameters, i.e., Winkler-Pasternak Foundations (WPFs). Additionally, Donnell's hypothesis and first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) are employed to figure out the primary formulations associated with the GNPRN structures of revolution. In contrast, the equations of motion are found using Hamilton's principle. Then the equations of motion are then discretized using the well-known Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM). Next, the standard eigenvalue solution is assigned to obtain the NFs of the perfect/imperfect GNPRN structures of revolution. Finally, various benchmarks are addressed to verify the approach suggested for evaluating the NFs of the perfect/imperfect GNPRN structures of revolution. Furthermore, several novel examples highlight the effects of the change in geometrical and material properties, arbitrary boundary conditions, and WPFs on the NFs of the perfect/imperfect GNPRN structures of revolution.

Fabrication and characterization of Al/GNPs composite by bottom pouring stir casting

• Al6061/GNPs composite fabricated through bottom pouring stir casting. • Micro hardness of fabricated composite is higher than the stir casted Al6061 alloy. • Non-uniform distribution of reinforcement due to high surface energy. • Low wettability and agglomeration of GNPs lead to porosity formation. • Methods to reduce porosity in the fabricated composites are suggested. In this paper, Al-6061/Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) composite are fabricated by bottom pouring stir casting. Non-uniform distribution of GNP in composite is observed in the casted samples. Challenges such as inadequate wettability, high porosity, and non-homogeneous distribution between molten Al matrix and solid GNPs reinforcement have been addressed. A suitable change in the stir casting design and process parameters are proposed to avoid or minimize the casting defects.

Casting and Characterization of A319 Aluminum Alloy Reinforced with Graphene Using Hybrid Semi-Solid Stirring and Ultrasonic Processing.

Advanced metallurgical processing techniques are required to produce aluminum matrix composites due to the tendency of the reinforcement particles to agglomerate. In this study, graphene nano-platelet reinforcement particles were effectively incorporated into an automotive A319 aluminum alloy matrix using a liquid metallurgical route. Due to its low density, it is a highly difficult task to produce an aluminum matrix composite reinforced with graphene. Hence, this study explored a novel approach to prevent particle floating to the melt surface and agglomeration. This was achieved via a hybrid semi-solid stirring of A319, followed by ultrasonic treatment of the liquid melt using a sonication probe. The microstructure and graphene particles were characterized using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the interfacial products produced with the incorporation of graphene in liquid aluminum were analyzed with X-ray diffraction. The tensile test results exhibited 10, 11 and 32% improvements in ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility of A319 reinforced with 0.05 wt.% addition of graphene. Analysis of strengthening models demonstrated primary contribution from Hall-Petch followed by CTE mismatch and load bearing mechanism. The results from this research enable the potential for using cost-effective, efficient and simple liquid metallurgy methods to produce aluminum reinforced graphene composites with improved mechanical properties.

Role of carbonaceous reinforcements on mechanical properties and micro-scratch behaviour of Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2

An efficient 3 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ) based composite was developed for structural application. The role of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) on evolution of phases and microstructural features in the 3YSZ-based composites that affect the mechanical and tribological properties of composites have been investigated in the present study. Here, the spark plasma sintered 3YSZ composites with 1, 2 and 4 wt% of MWNT and GNP reinforcement were synthesised. Sintered composites retained the tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2, high-temperature phase) along with the formation of ZrC with the addition of GNP/MWNT, which marginally improves the mechanical properties of the composite. The marginal enhancement in hardness and elastic modulus with GNP and MWNT reinforcement is attributed to the synergistic effect of grain refinement, densification, phases and distribution. The composite with 2 wt% of MWNT showed marginal improvement in the indentation fracture toughness (7.2 MPa m0.5) compared with monolithic 3YSZ by crack deflection, MWNT bridging & pull-out mechanism. Further, the average scratch toughness of the 3YSZ-GNP/MWNT based composite is measured as 1.99–2.15 MPa m0.5 derived from progressive load scratching. The scratch toughness with 1.5–3.3 times lower than the indentation fracture toughness is attributed to the elastic recovery during scratching and non-uniform distribution of phases in the composites. Further, the optimum value of hardness, elastic modulus, indentation fracture toughness, and scratch toughness of 2 wt% of MWNT reinforced 3YSZ composite is found suitable for structural applications.

Microstructure and Wear Property of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Nickel-Based Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

Nickel-based composite coatings containing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were prepared on Q235 steel using laser cladding. In order to retain the multilayer GNPs in the composite coatings after laser cladding, NiGNPs were prepared by electroless nickel plating on GNPs as the additive phase. All the coatings contain γ-(Ni, Fe), Cr23C6, Cr7C3, Fe3C and WC phases, and multilayer GNPs were retained successfully in the composite coatings. With the addition of GNPs, the microstructure of the coatings was obviously refined and the content of Cr-C compounds were increased along with its changed morphology. The mean microhardness of the Ni-based composite coatings containing GNPs was significantly improved compared to that of Ni45 coating, and the maximum microhardness was 745.06 when 20% NiGNPs was added. The results indicated that, due to the refinement and lubricating effects of GNPs, the friction coefficients of composite coatings were reduced and the wear resistance was improved compared to Ni45 coating.

Nonlinear Transient Dynamics of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Pipes Conveying Fluid under Blast Loads and Thermal Environment

This work aims at investigating the nonlinear transient response of fluid-conveying pipes made of graphene nanoplatelet (GPL)-reinforced composite (GPLRC) under blast loads and in a thermal environment. A modified Halpin–Tsai model is used to approximate the effective Young’s modulus of the GPLRC pipes conveying fluid; the mass density and Poisson’s ratio are determined by using the Voigt model. A slender Euler–Bernoulli beam is considered for modeling the pipes conveying fluid. The vibration control equation of the GPLRC pipes conveying fluid under blast loads is obtained by using Hamilton’s principle. A set of second-order ordinary differential equations are obtained by using the second-order Galerkin discrete method and are solved by using the adaptive Runge–Kutta method. Numerical experiments show that GPL distribution and temperature; GPL weight fraction; pipe length-to-thickness ratio; flow velocity; and blast load parameters have important effects on the nonlinear transient response of the GPLRC pipes conveying fluid. The numerical results also show that due to the fluid–structure interaction, the vibration amplitudes of the GPLRC pipes conveying fluid decay after the impact of blast loads.

Investigation of the effect of Graphene Nanoplatelet content on Flexural Behavior, Surface Roughness and Water Absorption of a Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites

In the present work, the effect of Graphene nanoPlatelets (GnP) content on the flexural, surface roughness, and water absorption behavior of a GnP reinforced epoxy composite was investigated. Different wt.% of GnP (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt.%) was added into the epoxy matrix through the sonication method followed by the ball milling. The results indicate a significant enhancement in the flexural properties of the epoxy nanocomposite with the addition of GnP in the epoxy matrix. The optimum enhancement in the properties was obtained at 0.25 wt.% GnP incorporated epoxy composites. The increase in flexural strength and flexural modulus results were noticed as 42.7% and 49.2% when compared with neat epoxy. The surface roughness value for the loading of 0.25 wt.% of GnP into the epoxy showed a drop of 48.7% when compared with that of the neat epoxy sample. The loading of 0.25 wt.% of GnP into the epoxy also reduces the water absorption from 0.125% for the neat epoxy sample to 0.067% for the composite sample. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the fractured surface (flexural samples) of the GnP embedded epoxy composites show the river like pattern, which is the result of the better dispersion of the GnP in the epoxy matrix and thus shows improvement in flexural behaviour of such composite materials.

A comparative experimental study on damping properties of epoxy nanocomposite beams reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are extremely ideal nanofillers for applications in damping polymer. This work explores the damping behavior of polymer nanocomposite beams made of epoxy resin reinforced with CNTs and GNPs experimentally. Beam specimens for the vibration tests together with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) are fabricated with different weight ratios of CNTs and GNPs, upon which DMA and free vibration tests are conducted. Scanning electron microscope images are also obtained to check the dispersion of nanofillers in microscale. It is found that the first-order loss factor of composite beam specimens shows a rise of 41.1% at 0.4 wt% CNT content compared with that of pure epoxy, while the first-order loss factor of composite beam specimens with 0.025 wt% GNP content increases up by 128.9%. The maximum value of the first-order loss factor of nanocomposite beams with GNP reinforcement is 62.2% higher than that with CNTs.

Graphene nanoplatelets reinforced Polyamide-11 nanocomposites thermal stability and aging for application in flexible pipelines

Novel nanocomposites of polyamide-11 (PA11) reinforced with commercial graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in amounts of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 wt.% were prepared and characterized for their thermal stability and aging performance. The processing of the nanocomposites was carried out by mixing PA11 in the molten state employing a double screw mini-extruder at 200 °C under 60 rpm screw speed, with a residence time of 7 min. The incorporation of GNP increased the thermal stability of PA11, particularly in the amount of 1.0 wt.%, as observed by thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction indicated that the composites' crystallinity increased with 1.0 and 2.5 wt.% of GNP. Evidence of agglomerates formation in the sample with 5.0 wt.% of GNP suggests it to be less dispersed in the PA11 matrix and associated with reduction in crystallinity. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that GNP promoted an increase in the storage and loss moduli. The increase of GNP in the PA11 matrix enhanced the water contact angle and, therefore, provided greater hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite. The GNP reinforcement prevents the decrease in the molar mass of PA11, estimated by the corrected inherent viscosity (CIV) measured with aging time into water at 85 °C, when compared to the performance of neat PA11. All nanocomposites had CIV values above 1.20 dL/g before and after the aging test. Therefore, using the lowest GNP content of 1.0 wt.% proved to be the more efficient for application in flexible oil/gas pipelines.

Wearable Sensors Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Polydimethylsiloxane for Human Motion Monitoring: Analysis of Crack Propagation and Cycling Load Monitoring

The use of graphene and other carbon nanoparticles is now of interest for developing chemical (gas and compounds detectors) and physical sensors. In this work, a graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-PDMS sensor is proposed. More specifically, its strain-sensing capabilities under consecutive cycles as well as the crack propagation mechanisms are widely analyzed. First, an analysis of the electrical properties shows that the increase of the GNP content leads, as expected, to an increase of the electrical conductivity, ranging from values around 10−3 to 1 S/m for 5 and 11 wt.% samples. The analysis of crack propagation monitoring capabilities shows an exceptional sensitivity of the proposed flexible sensors, with a highly exponential behavior of the electrical resistance due to the prevalent breakage of the electrical pathways as crack propagation occurs. Furthermore, the analysis of the electrical response under cyclic load proves a very high robustness, with a similar response when comparing different cycles and an electrical sensitivity that increases when decreasing the GNP content (from 15–25 to 25–50 at 7 and 11 wt.% GNP content, respectively), a fact that is explained by the prevalence of tunneling mechanisms at low contents. Finally, a proof-of-concept of human motion monitoring by the detection of neck, wrist and facial movements is successfully achieved, indicating the high applicability of the proposed sensors.

Free Vibration Analysis of Spinning Sandwich Annular Plates with Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Porous Core.

This paper conducted the free vibration analysis of a sandwich annular thin plate with whirl motion. The upper and lower faces of the annular plate are made of uniform solid metal, while its core is porous foamed metal reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs). Both uniform and non-uniform distributions of GPLs and porosity along the direction of plate thickness which leads to a functionally graded (FG) core are taken into account. The effective material properties including Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and mass density are calculated by employing the Halpin–Tsai model and the rule of mixture, respectively. Based on the Kirchhoff plate theory, the differential equations of motion are derived by applying the Lagrange’s equation. Then, the assumed mode method is utilized to obtain free vibration behaviors of the sandwich annular plate. The finite element method is adopted to verify the present model and vibration analysis. The effects of porosity coefficient, porosity distribution, graphene nanoplatelet (GPL) distribution, graphene nanoplatelet (GPL) weight fraction, graphene nanoplatelet length-to-thickness ratio (GPL-LTR), graphene nanoplatelet length-to-width ratio (GPL-LWR), spinning speed, outer radius-to-thickness ratio and inner radius-to-thickness ratio of the plate, are examined in detail.